上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案

1、上海市中考英语英语阅读理解精选及答案At some point in life, many people develop a men tai （ 精神）problem.While most people get over it, for others it does nt go away easily.The WHO says that about 20 perce nt of tee nagers worldwide suffer from men tal ill ness. Its thoughtthat the nu mber of tee nagers with men tal ill

2、 ness around the world will in crease by half by 2020. It willbecome one of the main causes of illness, and even death.In China, the picture isnt bright, either. About one tenth of teenagers under the age of 17 have a men talhealth challe nge.The world is cha nging fast. Study and relati on ships ha

3、ve always caused stress, but today the stress ismuch higher tha n before, the WHO said.A research centre in Oxford Uni versity says that young people today have big stresses at school. Forexample, they experie nee bully ing （欺凌）.In a 2017 report, the centre no ted that the Internet was a specialsour

4、ce （渠道）of stress. Online, young people often see messages about perfecti on and this causes theyoung great un certa inty about their futures, says the cen tre.Also, according to China Daily, Chinese people dont ask for help with their mental problems. They fearthat others will think less of them if

5、they say that they are in mental trouble. Elaine Peng, a US men tal healtheducator, makes a similar point. And in the UK, over three quarters of young people believe their men talproblems have a social stigma. It is reported in 2017 that a quarter of young UK people would nt ask for helpif they deve

6、loped a men tal problem.Young people who dont ask for help for their condition may be creating problems for themselves in thefuture. Elaine Peng warned that, If we hide our mental health, it may remain a problem forever.My message for young people is, if you feel someth ing is wrong with in youask f

7、or help, hetold China Daily.（1）Which of the following is NOT the cause of stress according to the passage?A. Heavy schoolworkB. Bei ng bullied at school.C. Some in formati on from the Intern et.D. Certa inty about the future.（2）Why dont Chinese people ask for help with their mental problems?A. They

8、dont think them serious.B. They can get over them in time.C. They can keep their men tal health secret. D. They are afraid of being looked dow n upon.(3) What does the underlined word stigma most probably mean in Chinese?A.羞耻BP 象(援助D 危害(4)_ Elaine Peng advised theteenagers with mental illness to_ .A

9、. thi nk less of themselvesB. avoid being bulliedC. ask for help as soon as possibleD. stay away from the Intern et.(5) The main purpose of the passage is to_.A. ask research cen ters for helpB. tell about tee nagers stressesC. call public atte nti on on tee nagers with men tal ill nessD. show some

10、differe nt opinions from differe nt coun tries【答案】(1) D(2) D(3) A(4) C(5) C【解析】【分析】大意：本文讲述世界上许多人有精神疾病，到2020 年世界上有一半的青少年患精神方面的疾病。精神疾病将成为主要的疾病甚至导致死亡，研究表明引起精神异 常的原因是压力过大而没有及时找医生疏导导致的。(1) 纟田节题。根据 young people today have big stresses at school. they experienee bullying (欺凌).theIn ternet was a special sou

11、rce (渠道)of stress.可知，研究表明压力的原因来自于过重的学业，学校的欺凌，已经互联网上一些不良信息导致的，D 描述与原文不一致，故选D。(2) 纟田节题。根据 They fear that others will think less of them if they say that they are inmental trouble.可知，他们害怕其他人瞧不起他们，故选D。(3) 词义猜测题。根据 And in the UK, over three quarters of young people believe theirmental problems have a soc

12、ial stigma.可知，在英国，超过4 分之三的年轻人认为他们的精神疾病是社会的耻辱，推出stigma 的意思是 羞耻”故选 A。(4) 推断题。根据 If we hide our men tal health, it may remain a problem forever. 可知，如果躲避我们的精神健康，它可能拥有是一个问题，推出Elaine Peng 建议患有精神疾病的青少年应尽快就医，故选Co(5) 推断题。通过分析可知，作者讲述世界上越来越多的青少年患有精神疾病目的是唤起全社会对患有精神异常的青少年关注，故选C【点评】考查阅读理解。细节题、推断题和词义猜测题是阅读理解题中常考题型

13、。细节题 需要从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；词句猜测题需要联系 上下文，推出词句的意思。2 阅读理解Saying no starts smallAll right the n just one more piece. Words every girl has said whe n they are faced with the deliciouscheesecake. Of course, many of us know we may eat the whole thing in the end.It isnt just girls. Most of us find

14、it hard to say no to someth ing attractive. However, scie ntists now saythat willpower is very importa nt to success and a happy life.Scie ntists in differe nt coun tries have bee n study ing the effects of willpower on peoples lives for a longtime. The results are similar, accord ing to an article

15、on February 7 in the Guardia n, a famous British newspaper.In one experime nt, scie ntists told young childre n that they could either have a marshmallow （圆形软糖 ）now, or two marshmallows in 15 minutes. Waiting obviously needed more willpower. Scien tists the ncontinued study ing the childre n as they

16、 grew up. They wan ted to see if some childre n always had stronger willpower. They also wan ted to see how havi ng stron ger willpower affected their lives.Years later, scie ntists found that the childre n who had waited for two marshmallows were all healthier,happier and richer adults. Oppositely,

17、 the childre n who had show n weaker willpower at that young agewere more likely to be in low-paid jobs, to be overweight, to have social problems.But there is hope, Roy F Baumeister, an American social psychology（ 心理学）professor （教授） toldthe Guardia n. Baumeister says we can train our willpower just

18、 like we train our muscles （肌 肉） . Evena little practice can strengthen （加强） our overall self-control if we do it regularly.You could start by making yourself sta nd up straight, speak ing in complete senten ces, or using acomputer mouse with the other hand. Scie ntists have found that people who ma

19、n age to cha nge littlehabits ofte n perform much better in laboratory willpower tests.Like muscles, willpower can get tired. Dont try to do too many things at the same time, or whe n youdont have eno ugh en ergy, for example whe n you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge（恢复）y

20、our willpower with a good nights sleep and by eating well.（1）The example of a girl eating cheesecake is used toA. prove that girls have weak willpowerB. in troduce the topic of willpower to the readersC. show that cheesecake is especially attractive to girlsD. show the connection betwee n willpower

21、and success（2）What can we infer from the experiment?A. The scie ntists had already known the results before the experime nt.B. It showed that willpower is the most importa nt to success and a happy life.C. The childre n who chose to wait were more likely to be successful in their lives.D. The childr

22、e n who chose only one marshmallow at first had stron ger willpower.（3）Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the training of willpower?A. You should have a goal every day.B. Good rest and proper diet can help.C. Willpower n eeds to be exercised regularly. D. Keep willpower from being used to

23、o much.（4）What is the article mainly about?A. How willpower and muscles are similar and how they can be trained.B. How willpower affects peoples lives and how it is similar to muscles.C. How willpower is important to success and how we can make it stronger.D. How willpower is connected with success

24、and how they affect each other【答案】 （ 1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】 【分析】主要讲了毅力的重要性和怎样让毅力变得更强。（ 1）细节题。根据 It isnt just girls. Most of us find it hard to say no to something attractive. However,scientists now say that willpower is very important to success and a happy life. 可知通 过讲小女孩吃奶酪蛋糕的例子来引出毅力话题，故选B。（ 2） 推测题。

25、根据 Years later, scientists found that the children who had waited for two marshmallows wereall healthier, happier and richer adults. 可知毅力强大的孩子成功的可能性 更大，故选 C。（ 3） 细节题。 根据 Baumeister says we can train our willpower just like we train our muscles（肌肉）. Evena little practice can strengthen （加强） our overa

26、ll self-control if we do it regularly. 可知要规律锻炼； Likemuscles, willpower can get tired. Dont try to do too many things at the same time, or when you dont haveenough energy, for example when you are ill. If you already feel tired, you can try to recharge（ 恢复 ） yourwillpower with a good nights sleep and

27、 by eating well. 可知要好好休息和吃好，不能过度使用，故选A。（ 3）主旨题。根据全文可知讲的是毅力的重要性和怎样让毅力变得更强。故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意 从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了 解大意之后找出中心思想。3阅读理解One year, a college in the United States announced that it would offer a lot of money for the pure whitemarigold（ 金盏花 ）. The h

28、igh reward attracted so many people, but in the nature, besides golden, themarigold is brown, and it is not easy to get the white one. So after they were excited for a time, many peoplehad forgotten the announcement.One normal day after 20 years, the college received a letter and 100 seeds of pure w

29、hite marigold. It wasan old woman of over 70 years old. Some experts in the college doubted it, but in order not to let her down,those seeds finally took root （根） in the earth. The miracle appeared after one year; the field was coveredby pure white marigold.Therefore, the old woman who was always un

30、known to the public became a new focus.The old woman was a flower-lover. When she read the announcement 20 years ago, she got very excitedlike others. But her eight children were totally against her decision. After all, a woman who never knew theseed genetics（ 遗传学 ）couldnt complete what the experts

31、could n ever do, so her thought was only a daydream.Still, the old woma n did nt cha nge her mind and went on work ing. She pla nted some of the most common seeds and took good care of them. A year later, whe n the marigold came out, she chose onefaintest(最暗淡的)from those golden and brown flowers and

32、 got the best seed. The n ext year, she aga ingrew them and chose.Day after day, year after year, through many seas ons, the old woma ns husba nddied, her childre n flew far, a lot of things happe ned in her life, but only the wish to grow the pure whitemarigold took root in her heart.Fi nally, afte

33、r 20 years on the day we all know, in the garde n she saw a marigold, which wasn early white, but as white as silver or snow.A problem eve n experts could nt deal with was solved by an old woma n who did nt un dersta ndgenetics. Was it a miracle (奇迹)？To take root in the heart, even the most com mon

34、seed, can grow into a miracle!(1) According to the passage,_marigold is unusual.A. whiteB. purpleC. brow nD. golde n(2) It can be learned from the passage that_.A. the childre n did nt agree on their mothers decisi onB. the woma n n eeded the great reward for her big familyC. the experts also succee

35、ded in grow ing the white marigoldD. the woma n took good care of the flowers in stead of her family(3) The woman successfully grew the white marigold at last because she_A. was luckier tha n expertsB. put her heart into flowersC. got support from her familyD. studied the seed gen etics well(4) The

36、passage mainly talks about_ .A. the difficulties of gett ing the white marigoldB. the possibility of going bey ond expertsC. the un forgettable developme nt of marigoldD. the importa nee of holdi ng on to dreams【答案】(1) A(2) A(3) B(4) D【解析】 【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了关于金盏花的故事。介绍了老妇人坚持梦想的重要性。(1) A 细节理解题。根据 One year

37、, a college in the United States announeed that it would offer a lot ofmoney for the pure white marigold(金盏花).可知白色的金盏花是不寻常的，故选A( 2) A 细节理解题。根据 But her eight children were totally against her decision.可知老 妇人的八个孩子反对老妇人的决定。根据句意，故选Ao(3) B 细节理解题。根据 Fin ally, after 20years on the day we all know, in the g

38、arde n she saw a marigold, which was n early white, but as white assilver or snow.可知最后，20 年后的一天我们都知道，在花园里，她看到了一个金盏花，这几乎是白色的，但白色或雪。因为她用心地种植这些种子，故选Bo(4) D综合理解题。此篇文章主要是为了说明坚持梦想的重要性。故选D。4 阅读理解I was in the fifth grade and about to take a Maths test. In the first grade I had always been good at school,and

39、 simple Maths was easy for me and I always did well on tests. When it came to the fifth grade Maths, Icould nt un dersta nd it no matter how hard I tried. Mom and Dad had always been so proud of my goodgrades and I didn t want to let them down. Just before the test, I had written several of the answ

40、ers on mydesk. I sat nervously as the teacher started to hand out the test papers. I didn t want togetdauthdidnt want to fail the exam either.As the teacher was walk ing around me, sudde nly the fire alarm went off. It was an un scheduled fire drill (消防演习).We all rushed to the playground and stood t

41、ogether. As I stood in the warm sunshin e, I realizedwhat a fool I had bee n. I knew my mom and dad would be proud of me and love me no matter what mygrades were. As soon as we were allowed to go back to the classroom, I walked to my desk and wiped(擦)the an swers away. I had bee n give n a sec ond c

42、hanee and I wasn going to waste it. I took the test, didmy best, and felt at peace. I don t remember what my grade was but that day has stayed in my heart andmind ever since.I am not sure why God gave me a sec ond cha nee that day. Life is foil of sec ond cha nces, but you have tobe willi ng to take

43、 them. You have to be willi ng to correct your mistakes. You have to be willi ng to followyour heart. Every day whe n you wake up, you are give n a sec ond cha nee in life.(1) When the writer was in the fifth grade,_.A.he did very well in all his testsB. he had difficulty in lear ning MathsC. his pa

44、rents were angry with himD. he didn t work hard at Math(2) Why did the writer write the answers on the desk?A.Because his teacher asked him to do so.B.Because his pare nts asked him to do so.C.Because he wan ted others to copy him.D. Because he didn t want to fail the test.(3) When the writer was st

45、anding outside, he thought of the following things EXCEPTA.his teacher must catch him cheati ngB.it was wrong for him to cheat in the examC.his pare nts would still love him even whe n he got bad gradesD.he shouldn t write anything on the desk(4) Whats the best title for the passage?A. A strict Math

46、s teacherB.An in terest ing testC. Being caught in a testD.A sec ond cha nee【答案】(1) B(2) D(3) A(4) D【解析】【分析】本文记叙作者通过记叙一次数学考试想要作弊”的事情，告诉我们要珍惜把握我们的二次人生。(1) 理解判断题。由第一段中 In the first grade I had always been good at school, and simpleMaths was easy for me and I always did well on tests. When it came to t

47、he fifth grade Maths, I could nt understa nd it no matter how hard I tried.可知作者到五年级的时候，无论如何努力数学成绩总是不好。故选B。(2) 理解推断题。由短文中 .Mom and Dad had always bee n so proud of my good grades and Ididn t want to let them down.可知作者不想让父母因为他的成绩而失望，因此他不想成绩不 合格，故选 D。(3) 理解推断题。由 As I stood in the warm sunshin e, I real

48、ized what a fool I had bee n. I knew my mom anddad would be proud of me and love me no matter what my grades were. 可知当作者 在外面站着的时候，他想到不管他的成绩如何他的父母都是为他感到骄傲的。从而推断出他知道自己不应该在考试中作弊，不应该在桌子上写东西，而不是他的老师会抓住他作弊”。故选 A。(4) 主旨大意题。由文章最后一句Every day whe n you wake up, you are give n a sec ond cha neein life.可知。故选 D。

49、5 阅读材料，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。A British man has lear ned the skills n eeded to perform Beiji ng Opera, making the audie nee ( 观众)enjoy his lively performa nee of the Mon key King.Ghaffar Pourazar, born in Iran, said he has bee n a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full ofin terest abou

50、t China. In 1993, he happe ned to watch Beiji ng Opera performed in London by professionalsfrom Jingju Theatre Company of Beijing. Ghaffar said he fell in love with the beautiful voices, colorfulcostumes, excellent shows and so on. So after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of

51、Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.At the age of 32, he had to lear n with tee nage stude nts every day, start ing from the most basic trainingof the legs and waist. At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera. To him, it was thebiggest obstacle. But he never gave up.Four yea

52、rs later, he bega n to lear n to perform the Mon key King, a traditi onal character from theChinese classic story Journey to the West. He said he arrived in the workroom an hour earlier than otherperformers and also bought books and CDs to better un dersta nd the character.Ghaffar today is not only

53、good a speak ing Beiji ng dialect ( 方言)but has also built a fame for Beiji ngOpera. He once got a top intern ati onal prize for perform ing the Mon key King.To help more people enjoy Beijing Opera, Ghaffar often teaches the traditional art form in schools in theUn ited States, Brita in and other cou

54、n tries. When he found that the Ian guage was difficult to un dersta nd,he started to tran slate Beiji ng Opera song lyrics. Ghaffar led a group of actors to perform 66 times in amonth and a half in the Un ited States. He also led a 48-member team to perform in Malaysia. In the past 10years, he has

55、performed in more tha n 400 shows.(1) In the year of 1994, Ghaffar began to_.A. make friends with Bruce LeeB. take an in terest in ChinaC. learn Beiji ng Opera in Beiji ngD. act the part of the Mon key Ki ng(2) The underlined word obstacle in Paragraph 3 probably means _ .A. cha neeB. problemC. topi

56、cD. dream(3) It can be inferred from the passage that Ghaffar_ .A. is successful in perform ing Beiji ng OperaB. has written some books about Beijing OperaC. got a prize for translating Journey to the WestD. does nt n eed any more members in his team(4) The passage is most probably from the part of_

57、 in a newspaper.A. sportsB. bus in essC. cultureD. educati on【答案】(1) C(2) B(3) A(4) C【解析】 【分析】文章大意：本文主要叙述出生在伊朗的英国人加法尔。他从小就是李小龙的忠实粉丝，对中国充满兴趣，他爱上了美丽的声音、多彩的服装、精彩的演出等等。 开始学习京剧的过程。今天的加法尔不仅是一个讲北京话的好地方，而且还因京剧而出 名。他曾因表演猴王获得国际最高奖项。为了帮助更多的人欣赏京剧，加法尔经常在 美国、英国和其他国家的学校教授传统的艺术形式。当他发现这门语言很难理解时，他开 始翻译京剧歌词。(1)纟田节理解题。

58、根据after one year, he arrived in China alone andbecame a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school. 一年后，他独自来到中国，在北京的一所学校学习京剧。可知 1994 年在北京学习京剧，故选Co(2)词义猜测题。根据At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue inBeijing Opera.当时，他主要为京剧的对白所困扰。可知对外国人来说对白是最大的问题。A: chance 机会；B：problem 问题；C: topic 题目； D

59、: dream 梦想。故选 B。(3) 推理判断题。根据 Ghaffar today is not only good a speak ing Beiji ng dialect but has also built a famefor Beiji ng Opera. He once got a top intern ati onal prize for perform ing the Mon key King.今天的加法尔不仅是一个讲北京话的好地方，而且还因京剧而出名。他曾因表演猴王获得国际最高奖项。可以推知他在京剧方面是成功的，故选Ao(4) 文章出处题。本文主要介绍加法尔他爱上了美丽的声音

60、、多彩的服装、精彩的演出等等。开始学习京剧的过程并因京剧而出名。他曾因表演猴王获得国际最高奖项。可 以推知文章来自于报纸上的中国文化的一部分，故选Co【点评】考查阅读理解。要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找 出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案推理判断题也是要在抓住关键句子的 基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。6 阅读理解Denies Walme in Texas, USA, now 14 years old, published his best-seller Unbending Gisula eight yearsago. T