一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(含答案)

1、一轮复习最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习（含答案）一、高中英语阅读理解1 .阅读理解Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.They are advising a

2、ll parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also appl

3、ies to humans.A study of almost 300, 000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it w

4、as because prolonged illumination(光照)causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素

5、 ),a pigment (色素)which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.Sight expert Professor Daniel OLeary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said At th

6、e moment we dont know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.(1) Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted.A. because the summer sun is too strong for babiesB. because babies

7、 born in summer have lengthened eyeballsC. if they are exposed too much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D if parents dont know a proper way to protect their babies eyes(2) Melatonin is a kind of material to.A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sightedhB. protect the skin from harmf

8、ul sun raysC. make our body strongD. protect babies eyes from summer sun(3) From what Professor Daniel OLeary says we can conclude that.A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlightB. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further provedC. he believ

9、es that light exposure can cause shortsightednessD. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight(4) The underlined word vulnerable in the passage probably means.A. easy to be harmedB. resistantC. protectiveD. changeable【答案】（ 1 ） C(5) 2） B(6) 3） C(7) 4） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴

10、儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。（ 1 ）考查细节理解。根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。故选C 。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“ Themechanism which lengthens the eyeball isassociated with levels of melatonin（ 褪黑激素）, a pigment （ 色素 ） which protects the skin againstharmful rays of

11、 the sun. 可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。“故选B。（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的视学专家Daniel OLeary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。故选C。（ 4）考查词义猜测。在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选 出正确答案。2 阅读理解Washington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blos

12、som Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before ava

13、ilability the cherry blossoms disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours （4 miles）Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history a

14、t each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. Know

15、ledgeable guides will entertain you with the most, interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route（ 路线 ）make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours(7miles)Join a small

16、 group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet,

17、 and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.(1) Which tour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.D. Washington Capital Sites at Ni

18、ght Bicycle Tour.(2) What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A. Meet famous people.B. Go to a national park.C. Visit well-known museums.D. Enjoy interesting stories.(3) Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. CamerasC. Meals.D. Safety lights.【答案】(1) AA(4)

19、 D【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。(1)细节理解题。根据第一段中的Reserve your spot before availability the cherryblossomsdisappear!可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故 选Ao(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. 可知，在首都

20、自行车之旅 中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选Do(3)细节理解题。根据第四段中的 All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选D。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。3 .阅读理解People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and

21、 Iranian men gaining 16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and 2014.The results show that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of 182.5cm. L

22、atvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of 169.8cm.James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due to improvements in nutrition and healthcare.

23、 An individuals genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays a less key role, he added.A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy, he sa

24、id. This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease among taller people.But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many African countries causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend ha

25、s reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led t

26、o many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential( 潜力)in terms of height.Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in, he said. If we give children the best possible sta

27、rt in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.(1) What does the global study tell us about peoples height in the last century?A. The increase in peoples height has been quickening.B. The increase in womens height is bigger than in mens.C. There is a remarkable differ

28、ence across continents.D. There has been a noticeable increase in most countries.(2) What does Elio Riboli say about taller people?A. They enjoy an easier life.B. They tend to live longer.C. They risk fewer deadly diseases.D. They have greater expectations in life.(3) What does the underlined word r

29、eversed in Paragraph 5 mean?A. Slowed down. B. Gone upwards. C. Changed to the contrary. D. Come to life again.(4) What does James Bentham suggest we do?A. Ensure childrens proper nutrition and healthcare.B. Improve the economic situation of some countries.C. Watch the global trend of increasing hei

30、ght closely.D. Attach great importance to environmental protection.【答案】(1) DB(3) C(4) A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结 论。全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境 的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富 力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。(1)考查细节理解。根据第一段中的Peoplehave grown taller over the last century, withS

31、outh Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining16.5cm. A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between1914 and 2014. 在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了“20 厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5 厘米。一项全球研究调查了1914 年至 2014年间 200 个国家 18 岁青年的平均身高。可知，这项

32、全球研究调查了1914 年到 2014 年200 个国家 18 岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。故选 D。（ 2 ） 考 查 细 节 理 解 。 根 据 第 四 段 中 的 ” Beingtaller is associated with longer life expectancy 可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选 “B。（ 3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的” While height increased in Uganda and Niger during theearly 20th century 而在“ 20 世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及

33、” withheightdecreasing among 18-year-olds. 在 “ 18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。可知，reversed 的意思是 反转 。故选C。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的” If we give children the best possible start in life now,they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come. 如果我们现在给孩子们最好的“人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选A。【点评】

34、本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。4 阅读理解Triple Olympic and world sprint（ 短跑 ） champion Usain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football.Appearing on ESPN programs and i

35、n light-hearted races outside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals（诽谤）.I have to prove myself to the world that you can run fast without it, Bolt said.Bolt cited the speeds he and countryman As

36、afa Powell and American Tyson Gay have achieved without positive doping tests.We just （have to） continue to run fast, Bolt said. In a couple of years everyone will continue to watch again and have less doubts.Bolt won gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay in world record times at last years Beijing

37、Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.I want to be a legend in the sport. For me its all a focus on winning championships after championships, Bolt said.I dont consider myself a leg

38、end. When I defend my titles I will consider myself a legend.Bolts defending of World and Olympic gold should be the feature attraction of the 2011 IAAFWorld Championships in Daegu, South Korea, and the 2012 London Olympics.（ 1 ） Why does Usain Bolt say that he has no plans to play American football

39、?A. Because he wants to ease doping doubts in athletics. B. Because he wants to show his fast feats.C. Because he is doubted by some people. D. Because he runs fastest in the world.(2) How many times did Usain Bolt break the world records?A. three times.B. four times.C. five times.D. eight times.(3)

40、 What does the passage mainly tell us?A. Usain Bolt plans years of fast feats to ease doping doubts. B. Usain Bolt is doubted for his athletics.C. Usain Bolt set world records again in Berlin last month. D. Usain Bolt wants to a legend in the sport.(4) The passage can be read.A. on TVB. on the Inter

41、netC. in a bookD. in a newspaper.【答案】(1) A C(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的疑虑。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athleti

42、cs and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界 短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的 疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划)可推知，因为人们对田径运动中兴奋剂的疑虑，他 想平息这种疑虑，证明没有兴奋剂也可以，所以选择继续跑步，没有踢美式足球的计划。故选Ao(2)考查细节理解。根据第六段中的Boltwon gold in the 100m, 200 and 4x100 relay inworld record times at last years Beijin

43、g Olympics and last month in Berlin set world records of 9.58 seconds in the 100 and 19.19 in the 200 and helped a relay title in a World Championships treble.在去年的北京奥运会上，博尔特获得了100米、200米和4x100接力的金牌，打破了世界纪录，上个月在柏林，他以 100米9.58秒和200米19.19秒的成绩打破了世界纪 录，并帮助他在接力赛上夺取了世界锦标赛的三冠王，可知，博尔特在北京奥运会上打破 了 3次世界纪录，在柏林打破了

44、2次世界纪录，总共打破过5次世界纪录。故选C=(3)考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的Appearing on ESPN programs and in ligh-hearted racesoutside the television sport networks studios, Bolt said he feels he must prove himself to a skeptical sports world in the wake of past doping scandals (诽谤).博尔特出现在 ESPN 的节 目中，并在电视体育网络的演播室外参加轻松愉快的比赛，他说，在过去的兴奋剂

45、丑闻之 后，他觉得自己必须向持怀疑态度的体育界证明自己，及下文博尔特所说的话可知，本文 介绍了尤塞恩 博尔特的田径运动受到了人们的质疑。故选 Bo(4)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的TripleOlympic and world sprint (短跑) championUsain Bolt of Jamaica said on Monday he expects years of fast feats to ease doping doubts in athletics and has no plans to play American football. 本周一，来自牙买加的两届奥运会和世界

46、短跑冠军博尔特(Usain Bolt)表示，他希望通过多年的快速成绩来缓解运动员服用兴奋剂的 疑虑，而且他没有踢美式足球的计划，可推知，本篇文章极可能来自报纸。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报 道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5. (2019?全国m )阅读理解Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10

47、a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They w

48、ere dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.The trend, then, was toward the penny paper-a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers t

49、hat could be bought in single copies on the street.This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830,but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printers office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unkn

50、own. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny-usually two or three cents was charged-and some of the older well-known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase penny paper caught the

51、publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had littl

52、e desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.(1) Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?A. Academic.B. Unattractive.C. Inexpensive.D. Confidential.(2) What did street sales mean to newspapers?A. They wou

53、ld be priced higher.B. They would disappear from cities.C. They could have more readers.D. They could regain public trust.(3) Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?A. Local politicians. B. Common people. C. Young publishers. D. Rich businessmen. (4) What can we say about the birth of

54、the penny paper?B. It was a temporary success.D. It was a disaster for printers.A. It was a difficult process.C. It was a robbery of the poor. 【答案】(1) B C（ 3） B（ 4） A【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“便士报纸”的诞生历程。（ 1 ）细节理解题。将题干中的1830s 定位在文章的第一段，根据these amounts wereforbidding to most citizens 和 most newspapers had little

55、in them that would appeal to a mass audience 可知，当时只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。A . Academic 学术的；8. Unattractive 没有吸引力，无魅力的；C. Inexpensive 廉价的，不贵的；D. Confidential 机密的，保密的。故答案为B。（ 2）推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买到报纸。结合第三段中间的street sales of newspapers would be comm

56、onplace ineastern cities 可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。故答案为C。（ 3）细节理解题。根据第二段中的referring to papers made widely available to the public 可知，这种“便士报纸”是针对大众的，在街上可以买得到报纸。所以这种报纸针对的是普通老百姓，故答案为B。（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的did not begin well immediate failure够口，便士报纸 ”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断

57、出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。故答案为A。【点评】这是一篇科普类的说明文，阅读时把握文章的主旨，然后快速浏览文章内容。阅读问题时，确定问题中的关键词，然后在文章中准确定位，认真分析相关的语句即可得到答案。6 Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.The history of the world is but the biography （传记） of great men, argued Thomas Carlyle,the

58、 advocate of what has come to be known as the Great Man Theory of History. This theory suggests that the broader movements and outline of history all go back to the leadership of great individuals who had unique influence on their times. Whether or not Carlyles theory proves true is debatable, but that certain individuals cast long shadows is not.As on