英语语法：英语时态讲解

1、英语语法:英语时态讲解一、一般现在时主要用于:1 、表示经常性或习惯性动作。e.g. It seldom snows here.2 、表示现在的特征或状态。e.g. He is always ready to help others.3 、普遍真理。e.g. Action speaks louder than words.4 、剧情图片介绍,背景说明,动作解说。e.g. (Tom enters the room and sits at the tableDoctor :What's your trouble, young man?Tom :I've caught a cold,

2、 doctor.5 、时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句表将要发生的动作时。e.g. Tomorrow we shall go for an outing unless it rains.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:always, often, never, seldom, usually, once, a week, now 等。二、一般过去时主要用于:1 、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态e.g. When did you read the novel? She often came to help us in those days.2 、谈到过去的情况时e.g. I

3、 didn't know you were so busy.3 、谈到已死人的情况时e.g. Lei Feng was a great communist fighter.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:yesterday, last night, the other day, two months ago, in 1985, then, just now, when, after, as soon as 引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作开始的时间。三、现在完成时主要用于:1 、表示到现在为止这一时期中发生的动作或情况,即多次动作的总和。e.g. We have learnt four

4、English songs this month. How many times have you read the novel?For many days we haven't seen each other.2 、表示对现在有影响的某一已发生的动作。e.g. The delegation has left 代表团已经走了(说明现在不在这里Look, what you have done. 看你干的事。与这一时态连用的时间状语有:already, yet, just, ever, never, by now, so far, recently, by the end of this

5、month, since, for 短语,连词since 引导的时间状语从句。一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:一般过去时:重在说明动作在过去发生时的具体情况(时间、地点、方式、对象、细节等。现在完成时:只提起已发生的动作(事实及其影响,不说明动作发生时的具体情况。cf. Have you had your lunch? What did you have for lunch?I have ever been to the Great Wall, and I went there last summer with my father.注:现在完成时表达的动作常具有反复性,故下面一句是错的:Have

6、 you seen the six thirty's news program? 应改为:Did you see the six thirty's news program?四、现在完成进行时主要用于:表示过去开始的某一动作一直持续到现在,以至延伸到将来,它强调动作延续时间之长久。e.g. I've been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(还在写cf. I've written an article. 我写了一篇文章。(已写完It has been raining these days. 这些天一直在下雨。五、过去完成时1 、过去

7、完成时是一个相对时态,表示过去的过去,只有在两个过去发生的动作相比较时才可显示出来。e.g. As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.注:主从句表达的动作紧接时,即两动作发生的时间没有明显时间上的悬殊或空档时,主从句都可用一般过去时。 e.g. Where did your brother study before he joined the army?2 、过去完成时可表示截止过去某一时间动作的总或动作的结束。e.g. By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books B

8、y eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.与这个时态连用的时间状语常有:by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time when, when, as soon as, before 等连词引导的时间状语从句,表示主句动作结束的时间。(六现在进行时主要用于:1 、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。e.g. Listen, someone is crying. What are you doing these days?2 、代替一般现

9、在时,表示经常性动作或状态,而含有某种感情色彩。e.g. How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉怎样?(显得亲切He is doing well in his lessons. 他的功课很好。(赞扬You are always boasting. 你老爱吹牛。(厌烦3 、动词go, come, leave, arrive 等表将要发生的动作时。e.g. They are leaving for Shanghai.与这种时态连用的时间状语常有:now, these days, recently, this week 等。七、过去进行时主要用于:表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在

10、进行的动作。e.g. At that time she was working in a PLA unit. 那时她在解放军某部工作。What were you doing this time yesterday?与这个时态连用的时间状语常用:at nine o'clock, this time last night, these days, at that time 等。用when 引导的时间状语从句表示主句的动作正在进行的时间。e.g. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.注:1 、while 引导时间状语从句叙述过去的动作时,从句

11、常用过去进行时。e.g. I read a magazine while I was waiting for the bus.2 、when 用作并列连词,意为“这时”,连接两分句时,第一句多用过去进行时。e.g. I was reading a newspaper when he came in.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别:一般过去时:强调过去某一时间开始或完成的动作。过去进行时:强调过去某一时间正在进行的动作。试区别下面两句:We were building a reservoir last winter. 去年冬天我们在修建一座水库。(可能尚未建成 We built a reservo

12、ir last winter. 去年冬天我们修建了一座水库。(已经建成八、一般将来时主要用于:表示将要发生的动作或情况e.g. Tom will have a bike of his own.与这个时态连用的时间状语常用:tonight, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别:一般将来时态:主要从时间的角度表将要发生的动作或情况。be going to 结构:表(主观上打算或准备做某事时。表有发生某事的预兆时。e.g. They are

13、going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain.据以上区别,故下面一句是错的:I am going to be eighteen years old next year. 应改为:I shall be eighteen years old next year.be about to do sth 结构:意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。e.g. We are about to discuss this problem. 我们将马上讨论这个问题。be to do sth 结构:表示按计划、

14、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。e.g. When is the train to leave. All these things are to be answered for.及物动词与不及物动词英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语,可把动词分成及物动词与和及物动词。1.及物动词:字典里词后标有vt. 的就是及物动词。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象(即宾语,可直接跟宾语。see 看见(vt. +宾语I can see a boy.2.不及物动词:字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象(即宾语。若要跟宾语,必须先在其后添加上某个介词,如to,of ,at后方

15、可跟上宾语。具体每个动词后究竟加什么介词就得背动词短语了,如listen to,look at.3. 宾语(动作的对象:是名词或代词,或相当于名词的词或短语(如动名词。其它词不看作动作的对象呢。4.举例:“看”(1see 看见(vt. +宾语I can see a boy.(2look 看(vi. x宾语(即不能直接加宾语. Look! She is singing.Look carefully! (注意:carefully 是副词,不是名词,故不作宾语哟(3look at 看.+宾语Look at me carefully! (me是代词,作宾语了连系动词连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立

16、作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词,或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当,说明主语是什么或怎么样。一、连系动词的类型有:1. "存在"类:表示存在或具有某种特征或状态.这类连系动词强调"存在"。常见的有:be(是,look(看起来,feel(摸上去,seem(似乎是,appear(似乎、显得,prove(证明是,smell(闻起来,taste(尝起来,sound(听起来等。例如:The story sounds true.Those oranges taste good.2. "持续"类:表示某种情况或状态的持续。

17、这类连系动词强调"持续"。常见的有:remain(依然,keep(保持,stay(保持,continue(继续、仍旧,stand(处于某状况或情形等。例如: Why don't you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?3. "变化"类:表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连

18、系动词强调"变化"后的情况或状态.常见的有:become(变成, turn(变成, grow(变得, go(变得等。例如: Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.二、注意事项1. 有些连系动词通常不用于被动语态和进行时态中。如:feel, taste等词。例如:-Do you like the material?-Yes, it feels very soft.2. 一般情况下,连系动词主要跟形容词或分词作表语。例如:Be careful when you cross this very b

19、usy street. If not, you may get run over by a car.3. 能跟名词作表语的连系动词常见的有:be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain和turn等.注意:turn后跟(表示主语身份的名词作表语时,不加冠词。例如:Twenty years later, he turned teacher.The population growth in China remains a problem.4. 连系动词也可跟不定式(to do / to be,常见的有:appear, seem, remain, prove, loo

20、k等。例如:Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains to be seen whether they will enjoy it.On the long journey, Peter proved to be a most interesting guide. We all had a wonderful time.终止性动词与延续性动词终止性动词指不会持续一段时间的动作,即动作在瞬间或短时间内完成。例如:get arrive 这类动词不与一段时间连用终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作

21、发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive, borrow, .终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语.一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不

22、能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"