高考英语完形填空满分之考点、解题技巧与专项训练

1、本文由20083199贡献doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。建议您优先选择TXT,或下载源文件到本机查看。第一部分:高考完形填空解题技巧第一部分:高考完形填空解题技巧第二部分:高考英语完形填空考点归纳第三部分:所有完形填空的词组总结第一部分:高考完形填空解题技巧完形填空是全国各地高考英语必考题型之一,占 20 分。题型特征是:一篇短文中间留20 个空格,每个空格给出 4 个选项,要求从中选出最佳答案填入相应的空格内。由于这种题型既考查学生的语法、词法、句法、习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查他们对短文的阅读和理解能力。这种题型综合性较强,因而难度较大。总的来说,完形填空为了测试考

2、生实际应用英语的能力和语感。具体说来,是从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握和对英语习惯用语的熟悉程度、以及语法规则的灵活运用。因此,本文我就考试出题的三个方向、考试题型和具体解题技巧做了详细阐述:一、考试出题的大致方向是: 1、词汇:某些词义的识别,同义词辨析。英语习惯用法的熟悉程度。 2、语法结构:语法规则的实际应用。 3、语篇句意:从语篇角度,即上下文和情景语境综合测试考生的阅读理解能力 4. 逻辑推理和生活常识二、考试题型:(一词汇题:单纯地考单词或短语的释义: 1.There can be no question about the value of a safety p

3、rogram. From a financial standpoint alone, safety . (99 A. comes off B. turns up C. pays off D. holds up 答案:C. 词汇辨析题:主要是指同义词、近义词的辨析,这类题较难。 2.They are needed for food into energy and body maintenance. (96 A. shifting B. transferring C. altering D. transforming 答案:D. 固定短语搭配题: 3.With it, astronauts wil

4、l acquire a workhouse vehicle of flyingsintosspace and returning many times. (92 A. capable B. suitable C. efficient D. fit 答案:A.-1-(二语法题:语法结构题,主要是考结构词:代词、介词和从句连接词。 4.Moreover, inaccurate or indefinite words may make difficult for the listener to understand the message which is being transmitted to

5、him. (94 A. that B. it C. so D. this 答案:B. (三语篇题:文章的上下文决定所缺处所选择的词.这一考点要求学生根据文章的整体内容进行理解,根据层次结构和内容的逻辑关系,去选择符合文章情节的答案,这也叫情景意义的选择. 5.Getting enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for excess vitamins. Many people believe in being on the safe side and thus take ex

6、tra vitamins. (96 A. nevertheless B. therefore C. moreover D. meanwhile 答案:A. 三、解题技巧要做好完形填空题,除了要具备较扎实的英语基本功之外,还必须具备良好的应试心态,掌握一定的答题技巧,这样有助于在做题时思路清晰,速度加快,节约时间, 增进效益. 1.充满信心,沉着冷静。无论做什么事情,信心十分重要。有的同学尽管英语基础不错,但由于平时做练习时有“偏食”的习惯,即喜欢做基础题,怕做综合性较强的能力题(如完形填空、阅读理解等,因而在考试中遇到这类题目时就会感到压力大,信心不足。同学们在做完形填空题时一定要充满信心,沉

7、着冷静,要相信自己的实力。只有这样,答题时才能发挥出自己的最佳水平,减少失误。 2、精读第一句它是了解全文大意的基石.完形填空文章的第一句话通常是没有空白的完整句子,而且第一句往往是文章的主题句(Topic Sentence,或是含有主题词的句子,考生可以根据它来把握文章的中心思想,为下面答题奠定基础。这里,首先我们要知道英文的主题句的特点。一个有效的主题句应该有以下两个标准: 1.Topic:主题或议题。明确指示段落的内容,起到限定主题范围的作用。 2.Opinion:反映作者对待主题的观点、印象、态度,起到限定段落基调的作用。知道了英文主题句的特点之后,我们在阅读完型填空文章的第一句话时,

8、就不应该只是读懂其字面中文意思,而是要透过首句来预测文章的中心内容,为接下来做题把准方向。比如 1994 年考题的首句是: The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. 这就是一句非常有效的主题句。据此,我们可以大胆地预测文章的主题是讨论 词汇(word与语言表达(language的关系。作者的态度通过first and smallest就说明作者认为词汇对于语言的重要意义。实际上,该篇文章的确是围绕词汇 与语言的关系展开的。-2-由此可见,精读第一句对于理解和把握整

9、个文章的中心意义和作者的行文的脉络是非常有效的。这就为我们往下做题指明了方向! 3.通读全文,掌握大意,粗选答案有相当一部分同学在没有通读全文、弄懂大意的情况下就急忙边阅读边依空选择。这是一种不良的答题习惯。而且那些错误的答案会在大脑中先入为主,在复查时很难发现,同学们在做题之前必须先集中精力将短文精读两遍,掌握其大意,同时要记住短文里的人物、时间或地点,尤其要注意首句和尾句的含义。这样,答题时才能心中有数。此时可以边阅读边粗选答案,这是为了尽量减少空格,帮助更透彻地了解全文. 4、从上下文寻找信息词完形填空所选的文章都是具有逻辑关系、意义相联的语篇,而词语的重复出现、同义词和反义词的使用是重

10、要的连句成篇的词汇纽带,因此,在行文中不可避免地会出现词语的复现、前后同义词、反义词相互照应等现象。警示:考生在答题时,不要急于求成。而要充分利用上下文信息词,在继续阅读中寻找和斟酌答案。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如: 1Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very very _. A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous 根据转折连词 but 的提示,所填入的词应与 shallow 相反,因此答案

11、为 A。 2Mrs ONeill asked _ questions and she didnt scold us either. A. no B. certain C. many D. more and 是一个并列连词;either 为副词,用在否定句或否定词后加强语势,由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词,因此答案是 A。 5.形意结合,前后参照完形填空所要求填的答案在意义上必须和短文内容相符,形式上必须符合语法规则和习惯用法。有些同学之所以失分较多,其中一个很重要的原因就是顾此失彼。同学们在选择答案时,应先从意义上判断其是否与短文内容相吻合,然后再从形式上(如时态、语态、非谓语动词

12、、主谓一致、固定搭配等判断所选答案是否恰当,前后参照,连贯考虑,提高选择的准确率。比如: Washoe is a young chimpanzee(黑猩猩. She is no 41 chimpanzee, though. Scientists are doing a research 42 her . They want to see how civilized she can 43 . Already she does many things a human being can do.(95NMET 41 空的选项是foolish/ordinary/special/simple,均为形容词

13、,都能修饰 chimpanzee, 根据下文, 此黑猩猩在接受驯化,已经能做人能做的许多事,从而便可确定,她不再是普通的(ordinary黑猩猩了.如果不前后参照,去辨别四个词的用法,是无法选出正确答案的. 6.先易后难,迂回解题 -3-做完形填空时,对于一时没有把握的题目,可以采用“迂回战术”,在题号前标上记号,先绕过去做下面的题目。在做完较容易的题目之后再回过头来思考那些难题,同时把已确定好了的答案代入短文,帮助理解。这样,也许难题就不难了。 7、把握文章组织结构主要是针对语篇题。做题时,要把准文章作者发展脉络,文章的起承转合,要注意段落与段落之间,句与句之间的内在逻辑联系,领悟暗示,选对

14、答案。 Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened _21_. As was discussed before, it was not _22_ the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic _23_. (2002 2

15、1. A. between B. before C. since D. later 22. A. afterB. byC. duringD. until 23. A. means B. method C. medium D. measure 答案:21. A.22. D. 23. C 分析:我们注意到文章讲了两个时间:20 世纪和 15、16 世纪,而 19 世纪显然是处在两者之间,故 21 填 between。22 题是一语法结构题,固定结构:It was not untilthat。23 题属于前面介绍的信息词题。上文中出现的:television, printing, newspaper

16、 均说明该题应填 medium 8.了解生活常识,确定相关知识。 Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the paper to 30 (1998 A. check B.read C. keep D.sign 分析: 外国人早上有读报的习惯,其中 paper 即为报纸.这是理解本文细节的关键, 有了这些文化背景知识,可迅速推断出正确答案为 B 9.必要时采用排除法,根据已知条件和信息去推断未知事物 10.全文贯通,复查核定做完题目后,要仔细复查核定。全方位,多角度地检查所选答案,看能否使全文连贯畅通,内容

17、清晰,主题突出.对于个别拿不准的答案, 应根据语感完成.复查可以采用两种方法:1.不看已选的答案,再把所有的题目做一遍,然后看看两个答案是否一致,如不一致,再仔细比较鉴别;2.把答案代入短文细读一遍,看所选答案是否与短文整体相吻合,再把每个空白处与它相对应的 4 个答案一一对照。总之,要提高完形填空的解题水平,除了上面介绍的方法技巧外,在平时的学习实践中,一要不断积累并熟练掌握词汇语法等扎实的基本技能,对于重要的语法项目, 如定语从句状语从句非谓语动词名词性从句等,要加以总结概括,以做题时运用灵活,概念清楚。二要有计划,有目的地训练,加强阅读,提高速度,培养语感,在实践中感悟的辨析,搭配,学会

18、对文章进行逻辑判断及推理,既要看懂表层意思,更要理解深层次的含义。三要按步骤,由简到难,由短到长地进行有针对性的专项训练,材料要精选,解题要限时,体裁要多样,运用正确的解题方法与技巧。四要注意分析错题,避免出现类似错误.只要我们持之以恒,解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。-4-高考完形填空试题解题思路与解题技巧 (II做完形填空题是基于整个语篇的理解,要求学生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词组和一定的阅读理解能力和词语搭配能力,综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题也是阅读题,是一种难度较大的题型。是对考生阅读理解和语言综合运用能力的测试。本文侧重对完形填空题进行了全方位的剖析,介绍了完形填空题

19、的理论依据、试题形式、试题性质,详细分析了填空类型、短文长度、间隔设计、成分与结构,总结出一整套完形填空题的解题思路与技巧,旨在帮助同学们提高解题意识,把握解题思路,掌握解题技巧。一、完形填空题型介绍 1、理论依据完形填空,又称为综合填空。英文叫 Cloze Test( 或 Cloze Procedure, Cloze Technique。从 20 世纪 70 年代起,这种测试形式就被我国外语教学界普遍采用。该题型也已成为我国高考英语试题及各种英语测试的固定题型,因此引起了广大英语教师和参加考试的学生广泛关注。 Cloze 一词来源于“格式塔心理学派”(Gestalt Psychology的术

20、语。这个学派主张整体理解,理解时从上到下,从总体结构到各个组成部分进行分析,它认为人有时对不完整的事物进行补充的能力。按照“格式塔心理学派”的理论,一篇文章有它的主题思想,整体结构,理论支持,总体布局等特点。选一篇文章,中间去掉一些词,也就是说每隔一些词留一个空格,这篇文章仍有足够的线索,考生能用这些线索,通过上下文的分析,对被去掉的词作出正确的判断,从所给的选项中选出恰当的词填入空格,使上下文合理、符合题意、并能保持原文内容的完整性和原文的语言特色。后来人们把这个理论应用到英语测试题上,就形成了今天的 Cloze Test, 具体地说就是一种综合填空测试题。综上所述就是完形填空题的理论依据。

21、 2、试题形式完形填空题的形式主要有两种: 1一种是取一篇短文,在当中挖掉一些词,留出空格,在文章下方提供 4 个可供选择的答案,考生从中选出正确的答案; 2一种是取一篇短文,每隔一定数量的词,留出空格,不提供任何可供选择的答案,考生根据上下文填写一个恰当的词;目前我国高考英语试题采用的是第一种形式,即在所选短文的下面提供 4 个可供选择的答案,考生从四个选项中选出一个正确答案。这是我国高考和英语测试采用的最流行的一种形式。 3、试题性质完形填空题与语法选择题和词汇选择题虽然都是填空题,但在试题性质和测试目的上是完全不同的。语法、结构单项填空通常是以一个句子的形式出现的,通过选择一个答案,这个

22、答案在语法上能够使这个句子完整。词汇选择题通常也是以一个句子的形式出现的,通过选择一个答案,这个答案能够使这个句子在意义上完整。而做完形填空题则基于整个语篇的理解,要求考生掌握相当数量的词汇、句型、词-5-组和有一定的阅读理解能力,和词语搭配能力,综合运用语言知识的能力。由此可见完形填空题是阅读题,是一种难度较大的题型。是一种对考生阅读理解能力的测试。二、完形填空的题型特色 1、填空类型分析完形填空题的词项有两大类:实词和虚词。实词指:动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词和数词;虚词指:介词及介词短语、连词和冠词。还有一种划分是把完形填空题分为语义和动能两大类,如果该题型要求考生填入实词,这种填空题

23、为语义类;如果该题型要求考生填入虚词,这种填空题为功能类。笔者分析并统计高考英语试题中的完形填空题以填实词(动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词为主,虚词(连词、介词、介词短语为次;也就是说以语义类为主,功能类为次。这就意味着完形填空题主要测试考生的阅读能力和英语语言知识综合运用能力。 2、短文长度分析从短文的长度来看,近 10 年高考中,每篇短文平均为 221 个单词。 3、间隔设计分析完形填空题的难易取决于两个因素:1所取的短文本身所含的生词量、语法、句子结构、句子长短、文化背景等; 2空格之间的长度,空格与空格之间的长度越长,填空难度就越小,长度越小难度就越大。 4、成分与结构分析从完形

24、填空所填入的句子成分来看,以谓语、定语、宾语、状语居多,还有表语、及其他成分,以及非谓语动词、习惯搭配、固定词组、介词短语和各种句型等。从结构上分析,完形填空所提供的四个选项,如果单从本句的结构来看,四个选项都可以填入空格,但从意义上看只有一个答案。如 1993 年上海市高考英语试题的完形填空题的第 61 题:This 61_ that you can watch the movement of his eyes as he reads the page. 62_ you do this, you will see that your friends eyes do not make a co

25、ntinuous forward sweep. 63 they progress by little “jumps”, moving, then stopping, as they progress along the line. 61. (A shows (B means (C expresses (D proves 本题所提供的四个选项都是动词,都能接宾语从句,后面跟的正是宾语从句,从结构上看四个答案都能填入空格,然而从四个词的意义来看,应该用 means(意味着,因为只有 means 才符合题意。有的单从这一句的语法、语言知识来看,四个选项填入都能成立,但从整个语篇考虑,答案只有一个。再

26、如 2000 年全国英语高考卷的完形填空题第 29 题:Worse still, Dad 27 a step and fell, sending my new suitcases _28 down the stairs. “Damn!”he screamed, his face turning red. I knew 29 was ahead. Whenever Dads face turns red30! 29. (A suffering (B difficulty (C trouble (D danger 根据本句的结构分析,这个空格是主语的位置,四个选项都可以做主语,四个选项都能填进去;

27、从意义上看,如果不考虑上下文,四个选项都对;但如果你看了下文你就可以知道应该选 C, trouble 做答案。从语篇考虑,从全局考虑,瞻前顾后,浏览全文,整体感知,前后连贯,固定词组,习惯搭配,结构意义等,是完形填空题的最大特色。-6-三、完形填空的解题思路与技巧 1、整体浏览抓住主题在做完形填空题前,首先要整体浏览,对全文快速阅读一遍,了解文章的大意,掌握文章的主题,并留心文中的关键词,了解这篇短文说什么,发生的时间、地点、文章的目的、作者的观点与态度等,这对于做好完形填空题能起到事半功倍的效果。因此,了解文章的主题和大意就显得十分重要。人们常说看书先看皮,看报先看题,这是因为书的封面和报纸

28、的标题都能传达一本书和一篇文章的主题。但是完形填空题所选短文一般都是没有标题的,那么要掌握文章的主题怎么办。要找到文章的主题,首先要找到文章的主题句,因为主题句就能反映文章的主题。文章总是围绕一定的主题展开的,而每一个段落则是说明主题的一个方面,概括了一个段落的中心思想的句子就是主题句。主题句常常出现在段首与段尾,在段首就是一段文章开头的一两句,在段尾就是文章的最后一句;因此浏览短文时,首先要细读段首与段尾;比较起来,主题句位于段首的比例更高一些,所以,首段的第一句或最后一句往往是主题句,它就是引领整篇文章的主旨,是文章的灵魂,因此要抓住不放。作者要支持自己的观点,那么第二段就是作者围绕主题展

29、开的正文。以 2000 年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例:例 1 Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not 61(giveup reading to their children 62(afterthey enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the

30、 stories help childrens 63(development. “My 64(research indicates that once children can read themselves, most parents stop reading 65(to them,” Dr. Spreadbury says. “ 66(That may be at the end of the Year 1,which is far too 67(early.” Dr. Spreadbury says 68(bedtimereading not only gives children a

31、good start at school, but brings parents and their children closer. “This makes it 69(easier for them to open up and talk to parents about things that are worrying them, or things they are 70(celebrating in their everyday life. 从上述短文我们可以看出,She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories he

32、lp childrens 63(development.是该短文的主题句,这是因为下面的三段都是围绕着这个主题展开的。 2、再读全篇试填答案许多考生都有这样的经历,做完形填空题时,一看到题目就做,结果自己感到很有把握的答案错了,问题就是对短文的内容和结构没有完整、清晰的了解和把握。因此读第二遍就显得很有必要,这样就可以使考生对短文有更好的把握。在读第二遍时,对于一眼就能看出的答案,不必纠缠,马上就填入,对于那些看看有点像,但没有把握的答案,可以开始试填,待看完第二遍时,再来看看试填的答案,如发现先前填得不对,这时应该及时更正,这时你就会比较有把握,也比较有信心了。以 2000 年上海市秋季高考

33、英语试卷完形填空为例:例 2-7-Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it wont be too long before they are able to 71(prove its existence. Their confidence is the 72(result of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Pro

34、vince. Ten Chinese 73(engineers, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly 74(amazed by what they saw. Three 75(tall animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road. On seeing the animals, the engineers i

35、mmediately stopped and 76(ran after them. 77(However, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great 78(speed and strength, they did not dare to follow any further. The men did not take any 79(photographs. However, scientists are 80(delighted by the discovery, because the engineer

36、s were all very well educated people and scientists feel they can 81(rely on what they described. After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and 82(collected some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the length of the animals foot! Chinese scientists have now set u

37、p a special group to exchange informationand make a 83(study of the forest. But in the meantime, some people 84(refuse to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is 85(real until one of the animals has been caught. 71. a. prove b. analyze c. protect d. check 72.

38、 a. basis b. requirement c. result d. preparation 73. a. travelers b. engineers c. scientists d. explorers 74. a. frightened b. amazed c. upset d. inspired 75. a. trained b. rejected c. tall d. violent 76. a. shot at b. looked at c. fought with d. ran after 77. a. However b. Indeed c. Meanwhile d. A

39、nyway 78. a. difficulty b. speed c. care d. pleasure 79. a. bullets b. tools c. medicines d. photographs 80.a. surprisedb. delightedc. disturbedd. supported 81. a. rely on b. deal with c. write down d. pass on 82. a. cut b. pulled c. collected d. tore 83. a. film b. tour c. choice d. study 84. a. co

40、me b. refuse c. prefer d. have 85. a. wrong b. alive c. real d. correct 在做 73 题时,我们可以试选 a. travelers , 因为后面有enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road.但我们再往下读时,就会发现 travelers 不对,而应该选 b. engineers , 因为在第二段我们会看到On seeing the animals, the engineers immediately stopped,这里的 th

41、e engineers 显然是指 the men 和 ten Chinese engineers。再如 74 题,很多学生一开始会选 a. frightened, 因为受了后面句子的影响:Three _75 animals, covered with long dark hair , were crossing the road.特别是受到covered with long dark hair的影响。当下文的空格完成以后,我们-8-就会发现选 frightened 不对,而应选 b. amazed, 因为下文有On seeing the animals, the engineers immed

42、iately stopped and 76(ran after them.如果中国工程师们 were frightened(frighten: vt. to fill with fear; alarm 充满恐惧;惊恐, 他们就不会stopped and ran after them. 所以要选 amazed(astonished.这是一个非常典型的关于再读全篇试填答案的例子。当你做题目没有把握时,就先试填,待文章看完时再回过头来检查你试填的答案,这不失为做完形填空题的好方法之一。 3、瞻前顾后寻找关联我们在再读全篇,试填答案一节中所谈的已涉及到瞻前顾后寻找关联的某些含义,但侧重试填;而我们将在

43、这里侧重谈瞻前顾后寻找关联。完形填空题的特点基于整个语篇的理解,不从单句入手,有时如果从某一个单句来理解,四个选项都可以填入,但从整个语篇来看,答案只有一个。一般来讲,一个学生如果具有较高语言水平,较好的文化背景知识,史地及其他知识比较丰富的话,做该题型的困难就会比较少;可容忍被挖掉的词就会多一些,反之亦然。但对于相同知识水平的学生来讲,讲究方法就尤其重要了。在做题目的时候,首先要对空格前后句子,然后对该空格相应的选项进行全面分析。通过瞻前顾后,寻找关联来确定空格中的词的词性、意思、和功能。如果是功能性的空格,则要求学生填入虚词即连词、介词、冠词等,那么就应根据功能来选答案。如果是语法问题,那

44、么就要考虑时态和语态是否符合上下文、主谓是否一致;如果是语义空格,那么则要求考生填入实词即动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等,那么就要通过上下文进行分析,根据文章的语义环境,做到瞻前顾后,寻找关联,然后作出合理的判断。以 2002 年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例:例 3 Have you ever regretted doing something you shouldnt have done or something you didnt do which you should have? At one time or another we probably all have. There

45、s no 51( point in getting depressed about it nowits no 52( use crying over spilt milk. However, there may be some gain in thinking about exactly what happened and why 53(because we might be able to draw some conclusions for the future. One thing we all do now and again is to lose our 54(temperwith a

46、 friend or close relative. The odd thing is that we more often display great 55(anger towards someone we are fond of than towards 56(strangers . The explanation may be that we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net, an opportunity to 57 (let off a bit of steam in a safe environment, while

47、 the consequences of 58(insulting a stranger could be far more serious. Being honest is usually thought of as a virtue and undoubtedly this is the 59(case. On the other hand, we have all experienced occasions when we have spoken our minds to someone, telling them exactly what we feel, and then have

48、found ourselves filled with feelings of 60(guilt . Perhaps we should have kept our mouths shut? 51. a. reason b. purpose c. point d. result 52.a. useb. helpc. valued. benefit 53. a. so b. because c. but d. though 54. a. mindb. memoryc. mannerd. temper-9-55. a. anger b. interest c. love d. respect 56

49、. a. strangers b. friends c. relatives d. colleagues 57. a. run through b. throw away c. give up d. let off 58.a. invitingb. insultingc. speaking tod. believing in 59. a. issue b. case c. event d. factor 60. a. excitement b. happiness c. pride d. guilt 以做 55 题为例,单从这一句来看,四个选项 a. anger b. interest c.

50、love d. respect 都可以填进去, 但从下文的we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment (一种在安全环境中可以宣泄怨气的机会。再从前文的The odd thing is that (奇怪的事是, 因此第 55 题可以判断选 anger, 这样才能符合题义:奇怪的事是我们更经常地对我们喜欢的某些人发泄愤怒。在做这个题目的时候,我们瞻前又顾后,所以就比较顺利。再比如做

51、54 题,我们也可以从下文的we see friends and relatives as a kind of safety net,(我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网。 和an opportunity to let off a bit of steam in safe environment得到启示,很容易看出要选 d, 以构成 lose our temper 的结构。根据这一原则,我们就能顺利地选出 56 题的答案是 a, strangers, 这是因为上文提到的我们把朋友和亲戚看作一种安全网,也就是说我们经常对朋友和亲戚发脾气比较安全,而对 strangers 发脾气的后果就比较严重,据此

52、我们也就能够很容易得出结论58 题应该选 b, insulting。我们在做完形填空题时,做到瞻前顾后,寻找关联,这样就能做到在高考中得高分。 4、完形完义立足全局做完形填空有两个程序:一是完形(选择选项,然后填补空白;二是完义(阅读短文,然后理解短文。但是完形必须在完义的基础上进行,也就是说首先要在阅读理解短文的基础上做好完形。完形必须服从完义,单句必须服从段落,段落必须服从全文,局部必须服从全局。因此,我们在做完形填空题时,不能读一句做一句,更不能看到就填,这样往往要出差错。先从整体到局部完义,再从局部到整体完形,完形完义,立足全局。以 2001 年上海市秋季高考英语试卷完形填空为例:例4

53、 Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an unexpected benefit. They sleep better and wake up feeling more 61(refreshed , in part due to increased amounts of deep sleep. Deep sleep may play a role in the body restoring itself 62(physically , as opposed to REM(rapid eye movement or

54、 dreaming sleep. Researchers have found that physical exercise, especially 63(done in the afternoon or early evening, produces more 64(deep sleep early in the night. 65(Exercisecan also help you get a better nights sleep in a number of indirect ways. The relaxation and tiredness 66(caused by exercis

55、e can improve sleep. Exercise encourages weight loss and also may 67(relieve depression. Exercising later in the day can also help delaythe 68(nighttime drop in your bodys temperature. The 69(benefits of exercise are especially important for older people, 70(since exercise has been shown to increase

56、 the amount of sleep senior adults get in a night and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. But be sure you finish exercising at least 4 hours before- 10 -bedtimeworking out later than that could leave you too excited to fall asleep easily. 61. a. conscious b. peaceful c. effective d. refreshed 6

57、2. a. physically b. mentally c. emotionally d. regularly 63. a. made b. done c. functioned d. conducted64. a. nights sleep b. dreaming sleep c. deep sleep d. REM 65. a. Exercise b. Dreamsc. Researchersd. Doctors 66. a. recovered b. strengthened c. caused d. reduced 67.a. increaseb. relievec. release

58、d. arouse 68. a. nighttime b. daytime c. dinnertime d. lifetime 69. a. disadvantages b. benefits c. ways d. places 70. a. yet b. if c. when d. since 在做完形填空题时,我们首先要找到主题句(topic sentence,以便抓住中心,了解文章的大意,这样做有利于我们做后面的填空。浏览一下本篇短文,我们就知道这篇短文的主题句就是:Many people find that regular physical activity gives them an

59、 unexpected benefit. 因此我们就知道这篇文章是谈论锻炼身体方面的。下文的填空就是关于这一方面的。我们在上文已经谈到“完形必须服从完义,单句必须服从段落,段落必须服从全文,局部必须服从全局”的解题原则。在这一篇短文的第一段,我们从 physical activity 和 in the body 得到启示,题应该填 a. physically; 62 从第二句和第三句的 deep sleep 得到启示,题应填 c. deep sleep; 62 与 64 题的做法很典型地体 64 现了“完形必须服从完义”,“单句必须服从段落”的原则。而 61 与 63 题则根据“瞻前顾后,寻找关联”的原则就可以解出,一个人如果 sleep better,那么醒过来就会感到 refreshed, 我们 do exercise 而不是 made,