英语句子的翻译TRANSLATIONppt课件

1、1高中英语辅导讲座高中英语辅导讲座句子翻译（一）句子翻译（一）n定语从句翻译定语从句翻译n状语从句翻译状语从句翻译2 句字的扩展句字的扩展 从句从句 名词性从句名词性从句 修饰性从句修饰性从句 主语主语 表语表语 宾语宾语 同位语同位语 定语定语 状语状语 3定语从句翻译定语从句翻译n一些含有定语从句的谚语一些含有定语从句的谚语n使用定语从句注意事项使用定语从句注意事项n一些特殊的定语从句一些特殊的定语从句n定语从句与其它句式的重叠定语从句与其它句式的重叠n定语从句与其它句式的转换定语从句与其它句式的转换n翻译练习翻译练习45 n患难朋友才是真朋友。患难朋友才是真朋友。 A friend in

2、 need is a friend indeed. A friend who is in need is a friend who is indeed.n 省一分等于挣一分。省一分等于挣一分。 A penny saved is a penny earned. A penny which is saved is a penny which is earned.6n总赞美我们的人未必都是朋友。总赞美我们的人未必都是朋友。 All are not friends that speak us fair. All that speak us fair are not friends. n 闪光的未必是金

3、子。闪光的未必是金子。 All is not gold that glitters. All that glitters is not gold. n不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 7n少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 A man who neglects his studies in youth will regret it in later years.n结果好一切好。结果好一切好。 Alls well that ends well.8 定语从句定语从句：概念：在句

4、子中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句概念：在句子中起定语作用的从句叫定语从句（the Attributive Clause）n它所修饰的词叫先行词它所修饰的词叫先行词n引导定语从句的词叫关系代词引导定语从句的词叫关系代词 that/ which/ who/ whom/ whose/ asn关系副词关系副词when/ where/ why/ that91.The first metal was copper.2.The dinner was the most expensive meal.3.There is nothing.4. Honey is the only food.1.The first

5、metal that was produced by man was copper.2.The dinner was the most expensive meal that I had ever had.3.There is nothing that can be used to replace the work of human brains.4. Honey is the only food that does not spoil. 105. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and school.6. Alice is not the g

6、irl.5. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and school that we had visited there.6. Alice is not the girl that she used to be. 上述情况只用上述情况只用that不用不用 which11wh-word 与与th-word 的交替使用的交替使用1. Who is the man?2. What does she do?3. Which is the hotel?4. Those please put up your hands.5. Those now have b

7、een possible.6. He laughs best.1. Who is the man that is talking to John?2. What does she do that is different from others?3. Which is the hotel that you stayed at last year?4. Those who are against the proposal please put up your hands.5. Those which were impossible in the past now have been possib

8、le.6. He who laughs last laughs best.12 介词介词+关系代词关系代词n依据三个因素：先行词的意义依据三个因素：先行词的意义 从句谓语动词结构从句谓语动词结构 此结构在从句的作用此结构在从句的作用 n关注点：关注点：A: 介词介词+ which （ 指物指物 ） + whom （ 指人指人 ） B：在定语从句中找动词的正确搭配：在定语从句中找动词的正确搭配131.This is the reporter we gained the information about the fight in Iraq. 2. The poor service he comp

9、lained should be dealt with as soon as possible. 3. He made experiments one after another in order to find the direction the electrons move.1.This is the reporter from whom we gained the information about the fight in Iraq.2. The poor service about which he complained should be dealt with as soon as

10、 possible.3. He made experiments one after another in order to find the direction in which the electrons move.144. The dictionary I paid 50 dollars proves to be very useful. I spent 50 dollars was worth 50 dollars 5. A large amount of reading the students should concentrate their attention is often

11、ignored. the students should pay attention the students should take much notice 4. The dictionary for which I paid 50 dollars proves to be very useful. on which I spent 50 dollars which was worth 50 dollars which cost me 50 dollars5. A large amount of reading on which the students should concentrate

12、 their attention is often ignored. to which the students should pay attention of which the students should take much notice 156.The thing we felt proud was the natural scenery here. we took pride we prided ourselves6.The thing of which we felt proud was the natural scenery here. in which we took pri

13、de on which we prided ourselves16 一个意思多种表达一个意思多种表达7.It is believed that careless driving which causes a lot of traffic accidents is the first killer on the road. which brings about which leads to which results in8.He was the criminal who was accused of committing murder. who was charged with who was

14、 blamed for17 一些特殊的定语从句一些特殊的定语从句nthe sameas 与与 the samethatnone of. 与与 the one ofnthann but18nthe same as 相同的两个事物相同的两个事物nthe same that 相同的一个事物相同的一个事物 I have bought the same schoolbag as you did. 我买了一个与你买的相同的书包。我买了一个与你买的相同的书包。 I have found the same book that you lost. 我找到你丢掉的那（同一）本书。我找到你丢掉的那（同一）本书。 1

15、9one of与与 the one of one of the kids +who V.(复数复数) the one of the kids +who V.(单数单数)nTom is one of the students who are from America.nTom is exactly the one of the professors who is working in China.注意：注意：nOne of the new books has several pages missing.20 than、 but 引出的定语从句引出的定语从句nthan: 1.定语从句定语从句 2.

16、一般名词被比较级修饰后一般名词被比较级修饰后 Dont give him more money than is necessary. Theyve finished more work than (was) expected.nbut: 1.定语从句定语从句 2.用在用在There be 的否定句中的否定句中 There is no tree but bears fruit. There is nobody but wishes to help the victims who are suffering from the seaquake .21 定语从句与其他句式重叠使用定语从句与其他句式重

17、叠使用n定语从句和地点状语从句定语从句和地点状语从句 at the place where; wheren定语从句和结果状语从句定语从句和结果状语从句 suchasthatn定语从句和表语从句定语从句和表语从句 The reason whyis thatn定语从句和强调结构定语从句和强调结构 It iswhere/when/thatthat22n与地点状语从句一起用时：与地点状语从句一起用时： 她（在你放这篇短文的地方）找到了它并（在应该她（在你放这篇短文的地方）找到了它并（在应该改进的地方）做了问号标记。改进的地方）做了问号标记。nShe found the essay and put a

18、question mark at the place.n与结果状语从句一起用时：与结果状语从句一起用时： 杭州是一个如此（令人难以想象的）美丽的地方杭州是一个如此（令人难以想象的）美丽的地方（每年都吸引着成千上万的观光客）。（每年都吸引着成千上万的观光客）。nHangzhou is a nice place you can hardly imagine _ . nShe found the essay where you laid it and put a question mark at the place where improvements should be made.nHangzho

19、u is such a nice place as you can hardly imagine that it attracts millions of tourists every year. 23 与表语从句一起用时与表语从句一起用时 (他热衷于当志愿者的）原因是他觉得他热衷于当志愿者的）原因是他觉得(给别给别人带来快乐的人带来快乐的)人才是世界上最快乐的人。人才是世界上最快乐的人。nThe reason why he is keen on becoming a volunteer is that he thinks the person who brings happiness to

20、others is the happiest one in the world.24 与强调结构一起用时与强调结构一起用时 It +be +被强调的短语被强调的短语+that/who+句子的其余部分句子的其余部分 婚礼正是要在（我第一次遇见亨利的）渡船上举行婚礼正是要在（我第一次遇见亨利的）渡船上举行。 nIt is on the ferry where I met Harry for the first time that the wedding will be held. 正是在那个（上星期才开张的正是在那个（上星期才开张的)健身室你看见了那个著名的时健身室你看见了那个著名的时装模特吗？装

21、模特吗？nWas it at the health studio which/that was opened last week that you saw the famous fashion model? 就是在（新中国成立的哪个就是在（新中国成立的哪个)秋天他返回了祖国秋天他返回了祖国。nIt was in the autumn when new China was founded that he returned to his motherland.25定语从句与其它句式的转换定语从句与其它句式的转换n与主语从句的转换与主语从句的转换n与表语从句的转换与表语从句的转换n与宾语从句的转换与

22、宾语从句的转换n与地点状语从句的转换与地点状语从句的转换26 定语从句与主语从句的转换定语从句与主语从句的转换（他未被邀请的）原因不得而知。（他未被邀请的）原因不得而知。nThe reason why he was not invited is not known. nWhy he was not invited is not known. （我们举行聚会的）地点正在讨论中（我们举行聚会的）地点正在讨论中nThe place where we will have the get-together is being discussed. nWhere we will have the get-t

23、ogether is being discussed. 27定语从句与表语从句，定语从句与表语从句， 宾语从句的转换宾语从句的转换 那就是（我一直寻找的）东西。那就是（我一直寻找的）东西。nThat is the thing that I am looking for. nThat is what I am looking for. 你知道（他做这件事的）方法吗？你知道（他做这件事的）方法吗？nDo you know the way he did it? nDo you know how he did it? 28 定语从句与地点状语从句的转换定语从句与地点状语从句的转换 请（在有问题的地方）

24、做出标记。请（在有问题的地方）做出标记。nPlease make a mark at a place where you have a question. nPlease make a mark where you have a question. 29 More Exercises30 定语从句练习定语从句练习1. 我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（those who）2. 他们应该从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。他们应该从这件事中吸取教训：玩火者必自焚。(he who)3. 因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。

25、(The reason why)4. 你在日本买的相机比我买的哪个质量好多了。你在日本买的相机比我买的哪个质量好多了。(the one)5. 据报道这两天旅行社挤满了打算外出过春节的人。（据报道这两天旅行社挤满了打算外出过春节的人。（(It is reported)6. 你是不是在以前常去的理发店里看到警方通缉的那个人你是不是在以前常去的理发店里看到警方通缉的那个人. (强调句）强调句）7. 热胀冷缩的原理可以运用于造桥和修建公路方面。热胀冷缩的原理可以运用于造桥和修建公路方面。(apply)8. 水往低处流是个不可改变的自然法则。水往低处流是个不可改变的自然法则。 (law of natur

26、e)9. 简直难以置信，世界上竟有过目不忘的人。简直难以置信，世界上竟有过目不忘的人。(It)10.汤姆说妈妈给他的巧克力被哪个红头发的男孩拿走了。汤姆说妈妈给他的巧克力被哪个红头发的男孩拿走了。(take)31 定语从句练习定语从句练习1. I find it hard to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.2. They should learn a lesson from this incident: he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.3. Th

27、e reason why he didnt pass the driving test was that he lacked practice.324. The camera you bought in Japan is of better quality than the one I bought.5. It is reported that these days travel agencies are crowded with people who plan to have the Spring Festival outside homes.6. Is it at the barbers

28、where you used to have your hair cut that you saw the man wanted by the police?337. The principle that a matter will expand when (it is) heated and (it will) shrink when (it is) cooled can be applied to the building of bridges and highways.8. That water flows from a higher place to a lower place is

29、the law of nature which cant be changed.349. It is hard to believe that there should be some people who will not forget whatever they have seen.10. Tom said that the chocolate which his mother had given him was taken away by the red-haired boy. 3536高中英语辅导讲座高中英语辅导讲座句子翻译（一）句子翻译（一）定语从句翻译定语从句翻译状语从句翻译状语从

30、句翻译37状语从句的翻译状语从句的翻译n一些含状语从句的谚语一些含状语从句的谚语n状语从句注意事项状语从句注意事项n一部分状语从句连词的用法一部分状语从句连词的用法n状语从句的倒装状语从句的倒装n状语从句的省略状语从句的省略n翻译练习翻译练习3839n有志者事竟成。有志者事竟成。 Where theres a will ,there is a way.n有总比没有好。有总比没有好。 Something is better than nothing.n如果你同时抓两只如果你同时抓两只 ， 你一只也逮不着。你一只也逮不着。 If you run after two hares, you will

31、catch neither. n 不在，不在， 上锅灶。上锅灶。 When the cats away, the mice will play.40n一份耕耘一份耕耘,一份收获一份收获. As you sow, so shall you reap.n种豆得豆，种瓜得瓜。种豆得豆，种瓜得瓜。 Garbage in, garbage out. Youll have something nice out as you have something nice in.41 状语从句状语从句 时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让时间、地点、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较步、方式、比较n位于句首

32、时，一般要用逗号与主句分开；位位于句首时，一般要用逗号与主句分开；位于句尾时一般不用逗号。于句尾时一般不用逗号。n时态的呼应、主谓的呼应、指代的呼应、逻时态的呼应、主谓的呼应、指代的呼应、逻辑意思的呼应辑意思的呼应42 一些连词的用法一些连词的用法 beforen要过（很久）要过（很久）才才 It will be beforen没过（多久）没过（多久）就就 It wont bebeforen似乎仅仅过几分钟他就画完了那副画。似乎仅仅过几分钟他就画完了那副画。 It seemed only several minutes before he finished the drawing.n过不了两天

33、他爸爸就会回来的。过不了两天他爸爸就会回来的。 It wont be two days before his father comes back.43 when 表示突然发生某事（就在那时表示突然发生某事（就在那时=and at that time and then 我在去看你的途中碰到了威尔逊。我在去看你的途中碰到了威尔逊。 我刚要离开电话铃响了。我刚要离开电话铃响了。 八点了，客人们告辞了。八点了，客人们告辞了。 n I was just coming along to see you when I ran into Wilson.n I was about to leave when t

34、he telephone rang.n It was eight oclock when the guests took their leave.44while 当当的时候；的时候； 然而；尽管然而；尽管 =（although, though） 趁热打铁。趁热打铁。 你喜欢运动而我更宁愿看书。你喜欢运动而我更宁愿看书。 尽管我很喜欢这顶帽子的颜色可我不喜欢它尽管我很喜欢这顶帽子的颜色可我不喜欢它的形状的形状。nStrike while the iron is hot.nYou like sports, while Id rather read.nWhile I much like the co

35、lor of the hat, I dont like its shape.45Though 尽管；尽管如此尽管；尽管如此(adv.) 尽管我很喜欢这顶帽子的颜色可我不喜欢它的形状。尽管我很喜欢这顶帽子的颜色可我不喜欢它的形状。nThough I much like the color of the hat, I dont like the shape. (= although, while )nMuch though I like the color of the hat, I dont like the shape. (= as )nI much like the color of the

36、 hat. I dont like the shape, though. (= however )nI much like the color of the hat, but I dont like the shape. ( but= and yet )nI much like the color of the hat, however, I dont like the shape. 46In spite of 尽管尽管= despite 他已竭尽全力但仍然失败了。他已竭尽全力但仍然失败了。In spite of + all his efforts, he failed.n + the fac

37、t that he made great efforts,n + what he did with an effort, 47 注意注意 if句的时态变化句的时态变化如果他愿意做，他就能做得很好。如果他愿意做，他就能做得很好。如果你打算做你就要为此做准备。如果你打算做你就要为此做准备。如果我明天看完了这本书我就会给你。如果我明天看完了这本书我就会给你。nIf he will do it , he will do it well.nIf you are to do it , youll have to prepare for it.nIf I have finished reading the

38、book tomorrow, Ill give it to you.48so that / in order that 目的状语从句须出现情态动词（目的状语从句须出现情态动词（can , may, will）为了提高她的英语水平她在这里呆了六月。为了提高她的英语水平她在这里呆了六月。我今天起床很早以便能赶上早班车我今天起床很早以便能赶上早班车nShe is staying here for six months so that she can perfect her English.nI got up early this morning in order that I could catch

39、 the early bus.49the moment-as soon as 一一 就就nthe moment-as soon as 一一 就就nat the moment-now 此时此刻此时此刻nat any moment -at any time 随时随地随时随地nfor the moment-for the present-for the time being 暂时暂时nfor a moment-for a minute-for a while 片刻，一会儿片刻，一会儿nin a moment-in a minute-in an instant-in a while马上立刻比较下面两句

40、话中的比较下面两句话中的the moment 我刚一看见她就喜欢她。我刚一看见她就喜欢她。 台湾回归祖国的那一刻会到来的。台湾回归祖国的那一刻会到来的。nThe moment I saw her, I liked her. 时状连词时状连词 nThe moment will come (when Taiwan will return to China.) 名词做了主语名词做了主语 50the first time 连词词组连词词组-第一次第一次nthe first time 连词词组连词词组-第一次第一次nfor the first time 过去时状过去时状-头一次头一次nfor the t

41、ime being 暂时暂时nIt is the first time thathave done nIt was the first time that.had done比较下面两个句子比较下面两个句子 这是我第一次来这里。这是我第一次来这里。 这正是我头一次到这里来。这正是我头一次到这里来。nIt was the first time that I had come here.nIt was for the first time that I came here. (I came here for the first time.)51 the instant = the momentnth

42、e instant = the momentnfor instance = for example 我一眼就认出了她我一眼就认出了她 他的几个朋友来了，比如，本、卡罗尔、麦克他的几个朋友来了，比如，本、卡罗尔、麦克。n I recognized her the instant I saw her.n Several his friends came: Ben, Carol and Mike, for instance.52 because in that网球运动和太极拳网球运动和太极拳( shadowboxing)相似（因为）它们都需要相似（因为）它们都需要注意力集中。注意力集中。 关于那事他

43、们什么也没说是因为我们在场关于那事他们什么也没说是因为我们在场/ 他的瘸腿他的瘸腿/ 他妻子在他妻子在那那/ 我们不知道那事我们不知道那事。nTennis and shadowboxing are similar because / in that they both require your attention 。nThey said nothing about it just because of us . because of his bad legs. his wife ()being there. what we didnt know.53Since 1. 既然，因为既然，因为= n

44、ow that 2.自从自从 （现在完成时状语（现在完成时状语) 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们也许该问问别人。既然你不能回答这个问题，我们也许该问问别人。 自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？自从我上次见到你以后，你到哪儿去了？ 我已有好多年没像昨晚那样痛快了。我已有好多年没像昨晚那样痛快了。nSince you cant answer the question, perhaps we d better ask someone else.nWhere have you been since I last saw you?nIt has been / is years since I enjoy

45、ed myself so much as last night.比较下列两个句子比较下列两个句子n It is a long time since I saw you last.n It was a long time since I had seen you.54 “as”常用在下列从句常用在下列从句n“as”常用在下列从句常用在下列从句 n定语从句定语从句 “正像，正如正像，正如”n时间状语从句时间状语从句 “随着，随着， 一边一边一边一边”n原因状语从句原因状语从句 “由于由于”n方式状语从句方式状语从句 “按照，依照按照，依照”n让步状语从句让步状语从句 “尽管尽管” n比较状语从句比

46、较状语从句 “和和 一样一样” 55nDavid, as you know, is a photographer.nAs the election approached, the violence got worse.nAs you were not there, I left a message.nWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.nImpossible as it seems ,its true.nI was as surprised as anyone when they offered me the job. 56 比较状语从句比较状语从句n倍数比较倍

47、数比较n同级比较与比较级比较连用同级比较与比较级比较连用n愈愈就愈就愈nA对对B来说就像来说就像C对对D一样一样57 比较状语从句比较状语从句 A is +倍数倍数 three times + 1. as long as B. + 2. longer than B. + 3. the length of B.n倍数：倍数：twice, half, two- thirds ,double, fifty per centnbig、 much、 heavy、 deep、 wide nbigger、 more、 heavier、 deeper、 wider nsize、 amount、 weight、

48、 depth、 width 58 同级比较与比较级比较连用同级比较与比较级比较连用 A和和B一样好或者比一样好或者比B更好。更好。 A如果不比如果不比B好的话至少和好的话至少和B一样好一样好 A比比B好或者至少和好或者至少和B一样好一样好n A is as good as or better than Bn A is as good as B, if not better.n A is better than, or at least as good as B59The more.,the more愈愈就愈就愈 The more., the more if条件句（一般现在时）条件句（一般现在时

49、） 主句（一般将来时）主句（一般将来时） 你愈努力你的进步就会愈大。你愈努力你的进步就会愈大。 他从来没想到题目越容易就应该越仔细。他从来没想到题目越容易就应该越仔细。nThe harder you work, the more progress you will make.nIt never occurs to him that the easier the exercises are , the more careful he should be. 60 A对对B来说就像来说就像C对对D一样一样nA is to B ，as (what) C is to D.nAs C is to D ,

50、so is A to B。nWhat C is to D , that is A to B. 空气对人来说就像水对鱼一样重要。空气对人来说就像水对鱼一样重要。 武器对士兵来说就像农具对农民一样重要武器对士兵来说就像农具对农民一样重要n Air is to man as water is to fish.n As weapons are to soldiers, so is farming tools to farmers. 61 as if引导的方式状语从句经常使用虚拟语气引导的方式状语从句经常使用虚拟语气n与主句动作同时发生时用一般过去时与主句动作同时发生时用一般过去时n在主句动作发生之前发

51、生用过去完成时在主句动作发生之前发生用过去完成时nShe walked past me as if I did not exist.nTom talked about the Summer Palace as if he had been there a hundred times.注意：注意：nIt seems/ looks as if its going to rain.62 状语从句的倒装状语从句的倒装n九种状语从句有四种出现倒装现象，九种状语从句有四种出现倒装现象，n即：时间、条件、结果、让步即：时间、条件、结果、让步63 时间状语从句的倒装时间状语从句的倒装 No sooner .t

52、han nHardly/scarcely/BarelywhennNot until 我刚一到家天就下雨了。我刚一到家天就下雨了。 我们刚一坐好演出就开始了。我们刚一坐好演出就开始了。 直到你提醒我我才意识到此事的重要性。直到你提醒我我才意识到此事的重要性。nNo sooner had I got home than it began to rain.nHardly had we taken the seats when the show began.nNot until you reminded me did I realize the importance of it.64 “if”虚拟条件

53、从句中的倒装虚拟条件从句中的倒装 我要是你我就不跟他一起去。我要是你我就不跟他一起去。 昨晚我要是穿上大衣，我就不会感冒了。昨晚我要是穿上大衣，我就不会感冒了。 如果明天再下雪，交通就更糟糕了。如果明天再下雪，交通就更糟糕了。nWere I you , I would not go with him.nHad I worn my overcoat last night, I would not have caught a cold.nShould it snow again tomorrow, the traffic would be getting worse.65 结果状语从句的倒装结果状

54、语从句的倒装 So + 形容词形容词+倒装句倒装句+ that句句 副词副词 他跑得如此快我很难赶上他。他跑得如此快我很难赶上他。 这个题目真简单我们大多数人都能做出来。这个题目真简单我们大多数人都能做出来。nSo fast did he run that I could hardly catch up with him.nSo easy was the problem that most of us could work it out.66 让步状语从句让步状语从句 “as ”尽管尽管 形容词形容词 + as +主语主语 副词副词 （不含冠词的）名词（不含冠词的）名词 （一部分）动词（一部分

55、）动词67nOld as he is, he never stops learning.nHeavily as it rained, the football match was held as planned.nHousewife as she is, she takes much notice of the current affairs. nTry as he may, he never seems able to do his work beautifully.nMiss the bus as I did, I managed to find someone to share a ta

56、xi to come back. 68 状语从句的省略状语从句的省略 状语从句在实际的使用中会有许多省略情况。状语从句在实际的使用中会有许多省略情况。 其中时间、地点、条件、方式从句常可省略主其中时间、地点、条件、方式从句常可省略主 语和语和be动词而只保留形容词、分词、不定式、动词而只保留形容词、分词、不定式、 介词短语等。介词短语等。n在使用省略形式时要注意：在使用省略形式时要注意：n1. 省略的主语和主句的主语的一致性省略的主语和主句的主语的一致性n2. 省略的是省略的是 be， 否则一般不用省略形式否则一般不用省略形式 691.While in the countryside, he learned a lot about farming.2.If possible, I will send you a fax first tomorrow morning.3.Once seen, the film is not easily forgotten.4.Unless invited, he will not ta