大学英语自学教程unit 08 PPT

1、Unit 08 Telecommunication via Satellite 本课简介本课简介 技术是否也是一把双刃剑，在给人们带来帮助的同时也带来了弊端？本课通过卫星通讯的利弊昭示人们“明智”地运用技术才能使我们走向成功。卫星、计算机和电视的三结合改变了人们的生活。卫星被用来传送电视节目、电话和印刷材料；卫星被用于远程教育，使边远地区的人们通过“空中教室”接受教育；卫星被用来帮助生活在交通不便的偏僻地区的人们；卫星使世界各地的人们便捷地获取信息。然而侵犯隐私、使人与人之间疏于接触交流等弊端也应引起关注。本课主要单词本课主要单词 1. telecommunication n. 电信，远距离通

2、信请注意这个词的构成，tele-是一个前缀，意思是“远”，“远距离”。用tele-为前缀构成的词很多，如：television（电视）， telegram（电报） ，telegraph（电报机；发电报） ，telephone（电话），telescope（望远镜）等。2. via prep. 经由，经过，通过He booked a ticket to Washington via New York.（他预定了一张经由纽约去华盛顿的票。）They transmitted television pictures via satellite all over the world.（他们通过卫星把电视画

3、面传送到世界各地。）3. transmit v. 播送，发射，传送，传递They were reluctant to transmit the information to the control center.（他们不愿意把信息传送到控制中心去。）4. photography n. 摄影，照相；摄影术 photo是一个词根，表示“光；光电；照相术”；graph表示“记录”。 以photo为词根的词还有： photochemistry（光化学），photocopy（影印）， photoelectric（光电的）， photograph（照片）， photographer（摄影师）， photo

4、sensitive（感光的）等等。 以graph为词根的词有： autograph（亲笔），biography（传记）， calligraphy（书法），geography（地理学）， telegraph（电报）等等。8. visual adj. 视觉的；栩栩如生的vision n. 视力，视觉；想像力；幻想visualize v. 设想，想像9. capable adj. 有能力的，有才能的capability n. 能力With the knowledge and experience， we are capable of overcoming the difficulties.（有了这些

5、知识和经验，我们能克服困难。）Some jobs are beyond their capabilities.（有些工作超出了他们的能力。）10. broadcast v； n. 广播，播音broadcaster n. 播音员broadcasting n. 广播，播音broadcast可以做规则动词用（-ed），也可以做不规则动词用。（过去时，过去分词与动词原形一致。）The news was broadcast to the whole country.（这一消息对全国广播了。）11.access n. 通道，入口；接近（进入）的机会I cannot find the access to t

6、his building. （我找不到进入这座大楼的通道。）I demanded access to a telephone. （我要求有权使用电话。）You can easily get access to him. （你很容易接近他。） access 也可以做动词用，意思是“取，利用”，如：The main problem was that they spent too much time accessing the information from the computer. （主要的问题是他们从计算机上存取信息花了太多的时间。）12. unlimited adj. 无界限的；无限制的；

7、无数的limited adj. 有限的limit n. 界限；限度v. 限制13.demonstrate v. 说明，演示；论证，证实；示威游行demonstration n. 论证；表演；示范；示威 14.educational adj. 教育的 education n. 教育educate v. 教育15. remote adj. 遥远的，偏僻的；（可能性）很小的There is only a remote possibility to finish it in two days. （在两天内完成的可能性极小。）16. isolate v. 使隔离isolation n. 隔离，孤立The

8、 bridge sank and the village was isolated. （桥沉了，那个村子被隔绝了。）He doesnt trust anyone and he lives in isolation. （他不信任任何人，过着孤独的生活。）17. transportation n. 运输Bike is a convenient means of transportation. （自行车是很方便的运输物品。）18. instruction n. 教学，指导；指示，说明instruct v. 命令、指示19. risk v. 冒的危险n. 风险、冒险He risked his life

9、 in saving the drowning child. （他冒着生命危险救那个溺水儿童。）It must be done at any risk. （不管冒什么危险，这事必须完成。）He is unwilling to run the risk of losing his money. （他不愿意冒丧失金钱的危险。）20. privacy n. 私事；隐私；private adj. 私人的21. contact n. 接触，联系v. 与接触 We have to get into contact with him as soon as possible. （我们得尽快跟他取得联系。）Co

10、ntact me by telephone. （跟我电话联系。）22. application n. 申请；应用apply v. 申请；实施Please fill in the application form. （请填申请表。） He applied for party membership. （他申请入党了。）We are trying to apply book knowledge to real work. （我们正努力把书本知识运用于实际工作中。）本课主要构词法本课主要构词法conversion （转类法）orbit （n.）（v.）telegraph （n.）（v.） broadc

11、ast （n.）（v.）channel （n.）（v.） risk （n.）（v.）contact （n.）（v.） harm （n.）（v.）affixation （词缀法）1. 名词后缀-ationapplicationconversationtransportationcommunication2. 形容词后缀-alpersonal educationalTaxt analysis本课主要语言点本课主要语言点1.At the beginning of the twentieth century， there were four powerful means of transmitting

12、 and receiving information over long distances：本句中的beginning 是一个名词，意思是“开始，开端”。如：means在本句中的意思是“方法；工具” by all means 尽一切办法live within/beyond ones means 量入（不量入）为出a means to an end 达到目的的方法by some means or other 用某种方法2.By the middle of the century， both radio and television had become established means of

13、 transmitting sounds and pictures.句中所用的过去完成时，表示过去某时前已经发生的动作或情况。该动作已经完成，或者可能延续下去。用by引起的时间状语常与过去完成时连用。例如：1） By the end of last June， they had visited 15 countries. （到去年六月底为止他们已经访问了15个国家。）2）By the end of last year Henry had collected 1500 butterfly specimens. （到去年年底，亨利已经采集了一千五百多个蝴蝶标本。）established在句中做形容

14、词，意思是“常规的”。这个词还可解释为“（被）设立的；确认的；既定的；公认的”。例如： 1）a newly established organization （新设的组织）2） the established principles of international law （公认的国际法准则）3）an established fact （既成事实）4）an established custom （常规）3.In order to transmit an event such as the Olympics Via satellite， television signals are first

15、changed into radio waves，which are then sent from a station on earth to an orbiting satellite.such as的后面既可以跟名词也可以跟从句，意为“诸如之类的”；“例如”或“像这样的人或事物” which引导的是一个非限定性的定语从句。非限定性定语从句在修饰人时用who， whom或whose， 在修饰物时用which.非限定性定语从句常用逗号与主句分开非限定性定语从句也可用关系副词where或when来引导。非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是前面主句中的一个短语、从句或前面整个句子，通常用

16、关系代词which引导。区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句一看标点，如果中间逗号隔开就是非限定性，反之限定。 二看句意，如果是非限定性定语，从句逗号隔开的两个句子如果单拿出来会分别是两个句意完整的独立句子；但如果是限定性主句和从句分开则不是完整的句子。 例如: The coat is very expensive, which costs me 1000 yuan. 这件大衣很贵，这件大衣花了我1000元。 【 两个句意完整的独立句子，所以是非限定性定语从句】 The coat is a birthday present which my mother s

17、ends. 这件外套是妈妈送给我的生日礼物。 【主句和从句分开，从句：my mother sends（缺少了宾语，说明不是完整的句子，所以是限定性宾语从句）】如， The man who spoke at the meeting was Mr. Liu. 而非限制性的定语从句只是补充说明。 如，He has two brothers, who are both teachers. He has two brothers who are both teachers.意思强调重点不同。Exercises:1.The place _interested me most was the Childre

18、ns Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A.all of which B. either of which B.C. both of that D. both of which 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popu

19、lar. A. that B. which C. it D. though 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what 5.The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas where transportation is difficult.how引导的是一个宾语从句

20、。我们很熟悉的是that引导的宾语从句，而且that常常可以省略。 如：We must remember （that） things are easier said than done. （我们必须记住事情都是说起来容易，做起来难。） 用连接代词或副词引导的宾语从句我们也应弄清楚。provide是一个常用单词，通常可以有如下用法：provide sth. to/for sb.； provide sb. with sth.； provide sb. sth.；provide that，6.He was then able to follow the doctors instructions on

21、 how to care for the patient.句子中的on意思为“关于；有关”，可用about替换care of 在句子中的意思是“照顾”，可用attend； look after替换。care for 还可以解释为“担心”，“介意”，“愿意”，可用about替换for.1）He doesnt care about/for his clothes. （他不讲究衣着。）2）The old lady cared much for her daughters safety. （老太太非常为女儿的安全担心。4.In theory， every person will have access

22、 to an unlimited amount of information.in theory意为“从理论上来说；在理论上”，与其意思相反的词组是in practice （在实践中；实际上）。have access to是一个很常用的词组，意为“可接近，可进入”，to是介词，动词have也可用其他词替换。如get，gain，give，win等。 information是一个不可数名词，后面不可以加s，许多信息可以用a lot of information， a large amount of information， much information等表达。一条信息可以表达为a piece

23、of information. amount通常用在不可数名词前面，如the amount of money； a considerable amount of prejudice （相当大的偏见）。在复数名词前面可用number，如the number of mistakes； the number of students7.The most common use of telecommunication satellites，however，has been for transmitting telephone calls.however 在本句中做副词用，意思相当于but.但是howev

24、er和but在用法上是有差异的。however不放在句首或句末时，前后通常都加逗号，而but则不用。请看例句：1）It is not，however， the only answer to the question. （然而，这不是问题的唯一答案。）2）I am sorry，but I wont be able to come this time. （很报歉，我这次不能来了。）8. Telecommunication can make information from around the world available to use quickly and easily， but some

25、people worry that this may be a risk to our privacy.available是一个形容词，意思是“可得到的；可用的；有效的”。1）I am sorry those shoes are not available in your size. （很报歉，那些鞋没你的尺码。）2）If I am not available when you call， leave a message. （你打电话来时如果我不在，请留个言。）9.We can prevent this from happening by carefully controlling the n

26、ew technology.preventfrom意思为“阻止发生”，也可用stopfrom或keepfrom.From在前两个短语中可被省去。Nothing can prevent him （from） going there.（什么也阻止不了他去那儿。）本课主要词组及语法要点本课主要词组及语法要点词组：1. at the beginning of 2.means of3. over long distance 4. by the middle of5. such as 6. change into7. fromto 8. be capable of9. not onlybut 10.in

27、theory11. have access to 12.amount of13. provideto 14.follow sbs instructions15. care for 16. as well as17. at the same time 18. makeavailable19. pay for 20.isolatefrom语法：1.过去完成时1）both radio and television had be come established means of transmitting sounds and pictures.2. 非限定性定语从句1）radio waves， wh

28、ich are then sent from a station on earth to an orbiting satellite.2）back to earth， where another station picks them up and changes them back into television signals.3）The combination of satellites，which transmit information，computers，which store information，and television，which displays information

29、，will change every home into an education and entertainment center.2. 宾语从句1）We must remember that technology alone is not the answer.2）The satellite also demonstrated how it could provide help to people living in isolated areas。3. 注意such as，as well as，as的用法1）In order to transmit an event such as the

30、 Olympics via satellite， 2）printed materials such as books and magazines.3）as well as get any information they need， 4）As one telecommunication expert says， Text B What People Dont Know about Air 短语表达短语表达1. withoutWe couldnt have finished the work so soon without your help.2. adv. + past participleIt is widely known that the earth goes aroun