【增分精讲精炼】2014年高考英语语法复习专题巧突破第一部分专项专讲：非谓语动

1、非谓语动词20112013课标区高考考点统计考情解读年份数量考点201320122011合计从近三年高考来看，在对非谓语动词的考查中非谓语动词作状语依然为考查的重点，并已从作状语的一枝独秀向作定语或其他成分发展。测试点呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势。作状语11161441作定语88925作补足语2349作宾语1618作主语2125作表语1012原则一：作目的状语只能用不定式的一般式，一般位于句首，有时也可位于句中或句末1(2013湖南高考)_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for

2、 midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayedCTo stay DStay解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：为了晚上保暖，我往火炉中添了木柴，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木柴”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。2(2013山东高考)I stopped the car _ a short break as I was feeling tired.Atake BtakingCto take Dtaken解析：选C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，停下车是为了休息，所以应用不定式作目的状语。原则二：作伴随状语一般用v.ing形式

3、的一般式1(2013重庆高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I fell asleep.Ahaving told BtellingCtold Dto tell解析：选B考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，my mother与tell之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用动词ing形式。having done表示这个动作先于主句动作发生，与句意不符，可排除，故选B。2(2013湖南高考)The sun began to rise in the sky, _ the mountain in golde

4、n light.Abathed BbathingCto have bathed Dhaving bathed解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：太阳在天空中升起，这座山沐浴在金色的阳光之中。bathe是及物动词，意为“使沐浴(在光线里)”，与the sun构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。原则三：作原因状语一般用现在分词或过去分词(二者的选择取决于其与逻辑主语的关系)，而在某些表示情感的形容词后作原因状语常用不定式1(2013北京高考)_ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.AFind BFindi

5、ngCTo find DFound解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现这门课程非常难，决定转学一门较低水平的(课程)。she与find之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。2(2012全国卷)The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.Ato watch BwatchingCwatched Dto have watched解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看电视上播放的任何电视节目都很高兴。后半句是形容词短语

6、作伴随状语。 3(2011四川高考)_an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.AOffer BOfferingCOffered DTo offer解析：选C考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。原则四：在“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，形容词修饰说明不定式时，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义1(2012辽宁高考)This machine is very easy _. Anybody can learn to use it in a

7、 few minutes. Aoperating Bto be operatingCoperated Dto operate解析：选D考查非谓语动词。在句型“主语beadj.to do”中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义，故选D。2(2011安徽高考)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _ into small pieces.Abreak Bbreaking Cbroken Dto break解析：选D考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。“beeasy/di

8、fficult .”后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义，故答案为D项。原则五：一些抽象名词如chance, warning, ability, ambition, attempt, offer, decision, anxiety, way等词后常用不定式的一般式作定语1(2013北京高考)Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own.Achange BchangingCchanged Dto change解析：选D考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿者活动给了你一个改变人生的机会，包括你自己的。a chance to do st

9、h.“做某事的机会”。英语中有些抽象名词，如chance, ability, way等，常用不定式作定语。2(2011湖南高考)The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing Bexpressed Cto express Dto be expressed 解析：选C考查非谓语动词。ability 后常接不定式的一般式的主动形式作定语，意为“做的能力”。句意： 表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。原则六：作介词的宾语一般用v.ing形式的一般式，但在介词but, except后需跟不定式作宾语(是否带to可参

10、照“前do后不to”的原则)1(2013江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbeing reduced Dhaving reduced解析：选C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处与suffering from是and连接的两个并列成分，在形式上应保持一致，又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此选being reduced。2(2012陕西高考)If he takes

11、on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.Ameets BmeetingCmeet Dto meet解析：选D考查不定式固定搭配。句意：如果他承担这项工作，他将别无选择，只有面对更大的挑战。have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择，只有做某事”。原则七：作主语表示一般行为常用v.ing形式的一般式。用it作形式主语时，常用不定式作真正主语，its no use/no good/useless doing结构除外1(2013福建高考)_basic firstaid tech

12、niques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnown BHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中充当主语，应用动词ing形式。having known强调“完成”，不符合句意，可排除。故选C。2(2012浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when its better _ silent.Aremain Bbe rem

13、ainingChaving remained Dto remain解析：选D考查非谓语动词。句意：不管你多么能言善辩，但有时候还是保持沉默更好。该题考查“it is形容词to do sth.”这一句型，句中to remain silent“保持沉默”是真正的主语，it是形式主语。3(2011上海高考)Its no use _ without taking any action.Acomplain BcomplainingCbeing complained Dto be complained解析：选B句意：只抱怨而不采取行动是没用的。在“its no use doing”结构中，v.ing形式作

14、真正主语。原则八：在seem后作表语一般用不定式。remain作“尚待”讲，后常加to be done作表语，作“仍然”讲，后可加现在分词或过去分词1(2013重庆高考)The engine just wont start.Something seems _ wrong with it.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：发动机启动不了了，它好像出问题了。动词seem后常接动词不定式，因此C、D两项不正确。由句意可知，go这一动作在start之前发生，故选B。2(2011上海高考)Today we have chat r

15、ooms, text messaging, emailing . but we seem _ the art of communicating facetoface.Alosing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost解析：选B考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可以发电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。seem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词短语the art of communicating facetoface作其宾语，所以排除C项(被动形式)，故选B。3(2010福建高考)In Apr

16、il, thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking BstuckCto be stuck Dto have stuck解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：四月份，成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。此处remain为系动词，后接过去分词作表语，表示被动。1(2013河南省普通高中适应性检测卷一)People spend many years learning about favorite sports and _ how to do them well.Apra

17、ctice B practicedCpracticing Dto practice解析：选C考查非谓语动词。spend . (in) doing sth.表示“花费做某事”，根据and可知，空处应与learning并列，作省略了的介词in的宾语，故选C。2(2013威海两校模拟)_ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.AHaving believed BBelievingCBelieved DTo believe解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：许多人认为地球是平

18、的，担心哥伦布会从地球的边缘掉下去。believe与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且feared与believe无时间上的前后之分，故选B项。3(2013四川省泸州市4月模拟)There was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts _ you failed.Ato contact BcontactingCcontacted Dhaving contacted解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：在那个遥远的村庄没有信号，因此我怎么也联系不上你。attempt后面应用不定式作定语。4(2013河南豫西五校质量检测)The text

19、is too difficult. The explanation of our teacher will help make it easy _.Ato understand Bto be understoodCunderstood Dunderstanding解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：这篇文章太难了，我们老师的解释会使它易于理解。此处用动词不定式的主动表示被动。此种用法常用于“be性质形容词不定式”结构中，此类形容词有easy, hard, interesting等。5(2011湖南高考)Do you wake up every morning _ energetic and rea

20、dy to start a new day?Afeel Bto feelCfeeling Dfelt解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：你每天早晨起来感到精力充沛并准备开始新的一天吗？现在分词feeling energetic作伴随状语。6(2013济南市三模)The fresh air in the morning is pleasant _. Youd better get up early to do some exercise.Ato be breathed Bto breatheCbreathing Dbeing breathed解析：选B考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：早上的新鲜空气呼吸起

21、来很舒服，你最好早起活动活动。在形容词pleasant后用不定式作方式状语，且主动形式表示被动含义。7(2013合肥168中学最后一卷)What on earth made Susan weep?_ of cheating in the exam.ABe accusedBShe was accusedCBecause she was accusedDBeing accused解析：选D考查非谓语动词作主语。句意：“苏珊究竟为什么哭？”“她被指责在考试中作弊。”题线处在答句中作主语回答问句，A、C两项不能作主语，若选B项则应在前面加that，此处为动词ing形式作主语。8(2013德州市二模)I

22、 made every effort to get the car out of the mud, but it remained _ there.Asticking Bto be stuckCstuck Dto have stuck解析：选C考查非谓语动词作表语。句意：我尽力想把车从泥中弄出来，但车仍然陷在那里。it与stick为被动关系，排除A项和D项；B项表示将来，C项表示完成。现在分词与不定式作结果状语的比较1(2012天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office, _ the breakfast untouched.Aleft Bto l

23、eaveCleaving Dhaving left解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：他起晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，没有吃早饭。主语He与leave之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。不定式作结果状语时表示意想不到的结果，故排除B项；leave这一动作并未发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，排除D项。2(2012山东高考)George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. Ato be told BtellingCbeing told Dtold 解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告

24、知妻子已经离开了他。此处是动词不定式作结果状语，表示意料之外的结果，而且George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。如果用动词ing形式，则表示意料之中的结果。现在分词表示自然而然的结果；不定式表示意想不到的结果，其前常加only。试比较：More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了更多的公路，这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。I arrived at the station in a hurr

25、y, only to find the train had left.我匆忙到达车站，结果却发现火车已经开走了。现在分词与过去分词作状语的比较1(2013四川高考)_ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.ANot knowing BKnowing notCNot known DKnown not解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：由于不知道上哪所大学，那个女孩向她的老师征求意见。分析句子成分可知，the girl与know之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的否定式是在分词前加not

26、，所以答案为A。2(2013安徽高考)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.ATo found BFoundingCFounded DHaving founded解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：这所学校创建于20世纪初期，它一直激励着孩子们对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词。故选C。现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。试比较：Seeing from the

27、 top of the building, we can see the whole city.Seen from the top of the building, the whole city can be seen.非谓语动词作后置定语的比较1(2013陕西高考)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.Aquestioned Bbeing questionedCto be questioned Dhaving questioned解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：

28、刚才警察询问的目击者对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于the witnesses和question是逻辑上的动宾关系，同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just now，故要用动词ed形式作后置定语表示被动和完成。故选A。2(2013山东高考)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.Astanding Bto standCstands Dstood解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：除了一个书橱在墙角外，房间里空空荡荡。except for是介词短语，其后不能接句子，所以排除C、D两项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语，且a b

29、ookshelf与动词stand之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以选A。3(2012重庆高考)Were having a meeting in half an hour.The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our company.Ato be made Bbeing madeCmade Dhaving been made解析：选A考查非谓语动词。根据前面的“Were having a meeting in half an hour.”可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作

30、，排除B、C、D项。故选A项。表示被动、完成用过去分词；表示主动、进行用现在分词；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动的动作尚未进行用to be done。试比较：The bridge built in 2012 was designed by a local company.The bridge being built now was designed by a local company.The bridge to be built next year was designed by a local company.Recently a survey comparing pric

31、es of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.（2011江苏高考）不定式与v.ing形式作宾语的比较1(2012安徽高考)I remembered _ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.Alocking Bto lockChaving locked Dto have locked解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。remem

32、ber to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，与后半句中的“forgot to .”相对应。2(2011四川高考)Lydia doesnt feel like_abroad.Her parents are old.Astudy BstudyingCstudied Dto study解析：选B考查非谓语动词。 feel like sth./doing sth.“想要某物/想要做某事”。 句意：莉蒂亚不想出国学习， 因为她的父母都上年纪了。 3(2009陕西高考)I still remember_to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.Ato take

33、 Bto be takenCtaking Dbeing taken解析：选D考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得要做某事(该动作未发生)”；remember doing sth.“记得做过某事(该动作已经发生)”。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这里说的是记得已经发生的动作；再者take的宾语就是句子的主语，二者之间是动宾关系，应用被动形式，所以选being taken。1下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine, learn, want, expec

34、t/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。此外，afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.我们约好在此地见面，但是她到现在还没有露面。2下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃

35、亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy; avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; cant help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。此外，be used/accustomed to (习惯于), lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, o

36、bject to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand, give up, feel like, insist on, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonderful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短语后也要用动名词作宾语。He got wellprepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk losing the g

37、ood opportunity.他为这次工作面试做了充分准备，因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。3下列动词或短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：forgetrememberregretmeancant helpWhat a poor memory！I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him.多么差的记忆力！昨天我忘了向他借过钱，但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。非谓语动词作补足语的比较（一）感官动词后接复合宾语的比较1(201

38、3北京高考)When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto blockCblocking Dblocked解析：选D考查非谓语动词。句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。分析句子结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构。宾语补足语是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的全过程”；宾语补足语是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾语补足语与宾语是动宾关系时，则用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。road与block之间是被动关系，故选D。2(2012四川高考

39、)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.Ato wind BwindCwinding Dwound解析：选C考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语snake与wind之间为主动关系，且此动作正在进行，故选C。感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：see宾语I heard her sing an English song j

40、ust now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动，完成)I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动，正在进行)To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动，无时间性)（二）使役动词make, have, get, keep, let后加复合宾语的比较1(20

41、13陕西高考)Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.Ato understand BunderstandCunderstanding Dunderstood解析：选B考查非谓语动词。句意：让那些需要帮助的人们明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。从整个句子结构来看，这是一个主从复合句，that引导的是宾语从句。let sb. do sth.意思是“让某人做某事”。故选B。2(2012四川高考)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _.Awa

42、shed BwashCwashing Dto wash解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：在驱车进城之前，你必须将你的车洗了。此题中使役动词get后接的宾语car与作宾语补足语的动词wash之间为被动关系，构成短语：get sth. done。故选A项。3(2011重庆高考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself_of his own dreams.Areminding Bto remindCreminded Dremind解析：选C考查非谓语动词。句意：迈克尔把姚明的照片张贴在床边是为了提醒自己要实现

43、自己的梦想。 remind sb.of sth.表示“ 提醒某人某事”， himself与remind之间是动宾关系， 故用动词的过去分词形式。 (1)make宾语He made his workers work 12 hours a day.他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。He tried to make himself understood.他尽量使自己被理解。(2)have宾语注意：have还可用于have sth. to do/done结构，该结构中have作“有”讲，不定式作定语。I have something urgent to inform you.我有很紧急的事要通知你们。

44、(3)get宾语He got me to post the letter for him.他让我替他寄信。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010辽宁高考)亚历山大试图使他的工作被医学界认可。The captain got the soldiers moving toward the front after a short rest.休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。Ill get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。(4)keepI

45、m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起让你久等了。（三）with复合结构中补足语的比较1(2012辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog _ them. Ato follow BfollowingCfollowed Dfollows解析：选B考查with的复合结构。with的宾语后面可加形容词、副词、分词、不定式或名词等作宾语补足语，此处pet dog与follow之间构成主动关系，所以用following。不定式

46、表示动作尚未发生，不符合语境故排除A。2(2010山东高考)The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _ for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid解析：选A考查非谓语动词。句意：客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备做饭。“with名词/代词过去分词”为with的复合结构，a dining table和lay之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。withJohn received an invitation to dinner, and with

47、his work finished, he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。With a lot of difficult problems to settle the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决，这位新任总统的日子不好过。题组一：(非谓语动词作结果状语)1(2013山东实验中学第四次诊断)He lost his computer while shopping, _ away all his secret photos.Agave Bto giveCgiving Dhaving given解析：选C考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意：他在购物时丢了电脑，结果泄露了所有绝密照片。此处非谓语动词表示一种必然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。2(2013福州六模)The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ that the film stars had left.Ainforming Bto be informedCto inform Dinfor