大学英语第三版第二册课后翻译练习参考答案

1、新视野读写教程第三版第二册读写教程课后翻译参考答案第一单元英译中 English is known as a world language, regularly used by many nations whose English is not their first language. Like other languages, English has changed greatly. The history of the English language can be divided into three main periods: Old English, Middle English

2、and Modern English. The English language started with the invasion of Britain by three Germanic tribes during the 5th century AD, and they contributed greatly to the formation of the English language. During the medieval and early modern periods, the influence of English spread throughout the Britis

3、h Isles, and from the early 17th century its influence began to be felt throughout the world. The processes of European exploration and colonization for several centuries led to significant change in English. Today, American English is particularly influential, due to the popularity of American cine

4、ma, television, music, trade and technology, including the Internet.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言， 经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家 使用。与其他语言一样， 英语也发生了很大的变化。 英语的历史可以分为三个主 要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。英语起源于公元 5 世纪，当时三个日耳 曼部落入侵英国， 他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。 在中世纪和现代社会 初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从 17 世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地 显现。欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。 今天，由于美国电 影、电视、贸易和

5、技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。汉译中 中国书法 (calligraphy) 是一门独特的艺术、是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰 宝。中国书法艺术的形成，发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。 汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中， 一方面起着交流思想、 继承文化的重要作用， 另 一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。 书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活 感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有 “字如其人 ”的说法。中国书 法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。Chinese calligraphy is a unique art and the un

6、ique art treasure in the world. The formation and development of the Chinese calligraphy is closely related to the emergence and evolution of Chinese characters. In this long evolutionary process, Chinese characters have notonly played an important role in exchanging ideas and transmitting culture b

7、ut also developed into a unique art form. Calligraphic workswell reflect calligraphers personal feelings, knowl-ecduglteiv,astieolnf , personality,s handwand so forth, thus there is an expression that“ seeing the calligrapherlike seeing the person ”A. s one of the treasures of Chinese culture, Chine

8、se calligraphy shines splendidly in the world s treasure house of culture and art.第二单元英译汉 A MOOC (massive open online course) is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. M00Cs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in

9、higher education. These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, M00Cs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students

10、 and professors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course inspire people to “ tryon”subjects that they wouldnt otherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, en

11、couraging multimodal （ 多模式的 ） learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。 慕课是远 程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。 通过这些课程，大 学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生， 扩展到惠及全 球上

12、百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课还给使用者提供互动论坛，支 持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知 识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程， 甚至是尝试 新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式， 鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习 风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得 以更好地应用。 中翻英近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了 巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台， 数字化教学在教育中发挥 着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方 面，数字化

13、教学使教学资源得以全球共享； 另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时 间和空间，人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。 这使得人 类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。In recent years, with the development of Internet technology, the construction of digital education resources of our country has made great achievements. Many universities have set up their own digital learning

14、platforms, and digital teaching is playing an increasingly important role in education. Compared with the traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages. On one hand, digital teaching makes global sharing of teaching resources possible; on the other hand, it expands the learner

15、 s study timaned space to learn, allowing people to get accessto the digital virtual schools through the Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people to shift from one-time learning to lifelong learning.第三单元英译中 As an important part of the American culture value system,

16、“individualism ”isadmired by most American people. Americans view the family as a group whose primary purpose is to advance the happinessof individual members. In contrast to many other cultures, the primary responsibility of the American family member is not to advance the family as a group, either

17、 socially or economically. What would be best for the family is not usually considered to be as important as what would be best for the individual. With freedom comes the responsibility to care for oneself, for it is the freedom of choice that carries with it the responsibility: to accept the conseq

18、uences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to be independent and self-reliant. Along with the American emphasis on individual freedom, the belief in equality between parents and children also has had astrong effect on the family.作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组

19、成部分， “个人主义”受到大多数美国 人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体， 其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。 与许多其他文化相比， 美国家庭成员的主要职责， 不是在社会上或经济上提高整 个家庭的地位。 人们通常认为， 什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更 为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择的自由承载了责任， 即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。 许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由， 因 为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自力更生。 在美国人强调个人自由的同时， 父母与 孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。中译英孝道(filial piety)是中国古代社会的基本道德规

20、范(code of ethics)。中 国人把孝视为人格之本、 家庭和睦之本、 国家安康之本。 由于孝道是儒家伦理思 想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。 它毫无疑问是中 华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既 有文化理念，又有制度礼仪(institutional etiquette) 0 一般来说，它指社会要求子 女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的“东方文 明”之根本。Filial piety is the basic code of ethics in theancient Chinese society. C

21、hinese people consider filial piety as the essence of a persons integrity, family harmony, anthe nation wse l l -be i n g. With filial piety being the core of Confucian ethics, it has been the moral standard for the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. Its undo

22、ubtedly a traditional Chinese virtue. The culture of filialpiety is a complex concept, rich in content and wide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaking, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, inclu

23、ding respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety is fundamentalto the ancient“Orientalcivilization ”.第四单元英译中 Valentine Dsay on February 14 is celebrated in various American and European countries. It is a holiday of love and romance usually by exchanging valentines or love toke

24、ns between lovers. There are different origins regarding the festival. One legend goes that the Romans put a priest named Saint Valentine into prison for refusing to believe in the Roman gods. On February 14, Valentine was put to death not only because he was Christian, but also because he hdacured

25、the jailer s daughter of blindness. The night before he was executed he wrote her a farewell letter signed “Fromyour Valentine ”La.ter, February 14 became a holiday for people to show affection for their loved ones. Today, people celebrate ValentinesDay in different ways, sending greeting cards and

26、flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, or joining in romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festival is also becoming increasingly popular with young people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝 2 月 14 日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的 节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。 关于这个节日的起源有着不同 的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣瓦

27、伦丁的神父关进了监狱， 因为他拒绝相 信罗马神。 2 月 14 日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他 曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。 他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名 “你的瓦伦丁 ”的告别信。后来， 2 月 14 日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情 人展示感情的节日。 现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节， 他们发送贺卡、鲜花， 赠送巧克力或其他礼品， 或共进浪漫的晚餐。 现在这个节日已流行世界各地。 在 中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。中译英 农历七月初七是中国的七夕节 (Qixi Festival) ，是中国传统节日中最具浪 漫色彩的一个节日。 一些大的商家每

28、年都举办不同的活动， 年轻人也送礼物给他 们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的情人节” (Valentine s。七夕节来自牛郎与织女(Cowherd and Weaving Maid)的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，天 上的织女都会与牛郎相会。 所以， 在七夕的夜晚， 人们可以看到牛郎织女在银河 (the Milky Way)相会。姑娘们也会在这一天晚上向天上的织女乞求智慧，以获 得美满姻缘。 但随着时代的变迁， 这些活动正在消失， 唯有标志着忠贞爱情的牛 郎织女的传说一直流传民间。July 7th on the Chinese calendar is Chinese Qixi Festiva

29、l, the most romantic of all the traditional Chinese holidays. Every year, some big businesses organize various activities, and young people send gifts to their lovers. As a result, the Qixi Festival is considered to be Chinese “ValentineDays” .The Qixi Festival is derived from the legend of Cowherd

30、and Weaving Maid. The legend holds that on this particular night every year the Weaving Maid in heaven meets with Cowherd. So, people can see Cowherd and Weaving Maid meeting in the Milky Way on the night of Qixi. On this night, girls would also beg Weaving Maid for some wisdom for a happy marriage.

31、 But, with the changing of times, these activities are diminishing. All that remains is the legend of Cowherd and Weaving Maid, a sign of faithful love, continuously circulated among the folk.第五单元英翻中 The Age of Discovery, also called the Age of Exploration, is a historical period of European global

32、exploration that started in the early 15th century and continued until the 18th century. It is usually regarded as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era, in the context of emerging western imperialism and economic competition between European kingdoms seeking wealth through the establi

33、shment of trade routes and colonies. Among many great explorers during this period, the most outstanding one was Christopher Columbus since he discovered the New World. European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, with the contact between the Old and New Worlds producing the exch

34、ange: a wide transfer of plants, animals, foods, culture, and so forth. This represented one of the most significant global events concerning ecology, agriculture, and culture in history. European exploration allowed the global mapping of the world, resulting in a new world-view and distant civiliza

35、tions acknowledging each other.大发现年代，也被称为大勘探年代，是欧洲进行全球勘查的一个历史时期， 始于 15世纪初并一直持续到 18 世纪。这一时期通常被认为是中世纪和近代之间 的桥梁，当时西方帝国主义刚兴起， 欧洲各王国之间正在经济上互相竞争， 他们 想通过建立贸易路线和殖民地来寻找财富。 在这一时期众多伟大的探险家中， 最 杰出的是克里斯托弗哥伦布，因为他发现了新大陆。欧洲的海外扩张导致了殖 民帝国的崛起，旧大陆与新大陆的接触也促成了两边的互相交换：大量的植物、 动物、食物、文化等得到迁移。这代表了历史上生态、农业和文化在全球范围内 最重大的活动之一。 欧洲

36、大勘探让绘制全球性的世界地图成为可能， 从而使人们 看到一个新的世界与古老的文明正遥相呼应。中译英 丝绸之路（Silk Road）是我国古代一条连接中国和欧亚大陆（Eurasia） 的交通线路，由于这条商路以丝绸贸易为主，故称 “丝绸之路 ”。作为国际贸易的 通道和文化交流的桥梁， 丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化交流和发展， 对 世界文明进程有着深远影响。当前，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了 “一带一路” （One Belt, One Road）（即丝绸之路经济带”和“2世纪海上丝绸之路”）的战 略构想。 “一带一路 ”以合作共赢为核心，强调相关各国的互利共赢和共同发展。 这一战略一经提出即

37、受到沿线各国的积极响应。The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China andEurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name“ the Silk RAs an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural e

38、xchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization. Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of “ One Belt, One Road ” （namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritim

39、e Silk Road）. The strategy of“ One Belt, One Road ” focuses oncooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.第六单元英译中 M

40、inimalism （极简主义 ） is about getting rid of excess stuff and keeping only what you need. Minimalist living, in simplest terms, is to live with as less as possible, mentally and physically until you achieve peace of mind. Results that ensue are less stress, more time, and increased happiness. Minimalis

41、ts like to say that they re living more meaningfully, more deliberately, and that the imnimalist lifestyle allows them to focus on whatsmore important in life: friends, hobbies, travel, experiences. Of course, minimalism doesntmean theres anything inherently wrong with owning material possessions. T

42、odays problem seems to be that we tend to give too much meaning to our things, often forsaking （抛弃） our health, our relationships, our passions, our personal growth, and our desire to contribute beyond ourselves. In addition to its application in peoples daily life, minimalism alliscoatfiionndsinappmany creative disciplines, including art, architecture, desig