新视界大学英语综合教程unit(1)

1、 Warming uWarming up pSkimmingSkimmingDiggingDiggingCritical thinkingCritical thinkingLanguage in useLanguage in useUnfamiliar wordsUnfamiliar wordsInterpretingInterpretingTalking pointTalking pointVincent van GoghWarming up Work in pairs. Check () the things which you think are forms of art. archit

2、ecture cinema classical music cooking dancing fashion design martial arts novels painting poetry popular music sculpture Now add some more ideas to the list. Warming up Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 What examples can you think of for each art form? (Reference.)2 What do great works of art

3、 have in common? 3 Which is the greatest of all the art forms, and why?They refresh the spirit. They have beauty. They express some aspect of being human more clearly for us. Music explores emotions beyond words and has a worldwide appeal. Poetry as a form of art has meaning as well as beauty.Warmin

4、g uparchitecture: the Temple of Heaven, Beijing cinema: Chen Kaiges Yellow Earth (黄土地) classic music: Mozarts 40th Symphony (莫扎特第四十交响曲) cooking: a meal at Da Dong Roast Duck Restaurant (大董烤鸭店), Beijing dancing: a performance of Swan Lake fashion design: a show by Giorgio Armani (乔治阿玛尼) martial arts:

5、 a display by Jet Li (李连杰)novels: The Dream of the Red Chamberpainting: a Rembrandts (伦勃朗) self-portraitpoetry: Qu Yuans Li Sao popular music: Teng Lichuns (邓丽君) When will you return?sculpture: Michelangelos (米开朗基罗) DavidBackWarming upWatch a video collection of van Goghs works and try to learn the

6、song Starry Starry Night.Lyrics: Starry, starry night.Paint your palette blue and grey,Look out on a summers day,With eyes that know the darkness in my soul.Shadows on the hills,Sketch the trees and the daffodils,Catch the breeze and the winter chills,In colors on the snowy linen land.Now I understa

7、nd what you tried to say to me,How you suffered for your sanity,How you tried to set them free.They would not listen, they did not know how.Warming up Look at the painting of sunflowers and answer the questions.1 In what period do you think this was painted?2 Which is the strongest colour?The 1880s.

8、An orange yellow.Warming up3 What do you think the painter hoped to express with this painting?4 What (if anything) does the painting tell us about the personality of the painter? It is clearly more than the appearance of the flowers. I think his emotions about them or perhaps his emotions in genera

9、l are expressed in the form of sunflowers. (A sense of welcome and happiness.)Powerful emotions, almost a sort of pain about life. (the intensity of his feelings.)SkimmingBrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.Analyze the structure of the passage: 1. how many parts can the

10、passage be divided into? 2. whats the main idea of each part?TaskTaskOrganization of the passage Part 1 (1-3) Part 2(4-9) Part 3(10-15) Part 4 (16)Main idea of each part Part 1 (1-3):brief introduction to Vincent van Gogh Part 2(4-9): van Goghs life Part 3(10-15): the reasons for his productivity Pa

11、rt 4 (16): conclusionSkimming Answer the questions. 1 What two facts do most people remember about van Gogh? His use of colour and his mental illness. 2 What did his early paintings show? The gloomy light of Northern Europe. 3 How did the Impressionists influence his style? His style became lighter

12、and brighter. 4 Why did he paint so many pictures of himself? Because he could not afford to hire models. Skimming5 Why did he move to the south of France? Because he grew discouraged with his life in Paris, and he was drawn by the sunshine of Arles.6 How did van Gogh and Gauguin get on with each ot

13、her? They were very close but they had serious disagreements. 7 Why did van Gogh need to spend time in a mental hospital? For depression and because he was worried about hearing voices. 8 What do art lovers think about van Gogh now? He produced some of the greatest paintings the world has ever known

14、, and gave inspiration to so many later artists. Skimming Match the conditions 15 with the symptoms (a)(e).1 epilepsy 2 sunstroke3 lead poisoning 4 schizophrenia5 bipolar disorder(a) hearing voices inside your head (b) seeing circles of light around objects (c) experiencing periods of intense activi

15、ty followed by tiredness(d) feeling sick and aggressive (e) feeling the need to write a lotSkimmingAnswer: 1-(e); 2-(d); 3-(b); 4-(a); 5-(c)Vincent van Gogh译文译文Digging1 Between November of 1881 and July of 1890, Vincent van Gogh painted almost 900 paintings, but never achieved fame. Yet since his de

16、ath, he has become one of the most celebrated painters in the world. Background informationDigging2 The two most important but apparently independent features about van Gogh which most people know about are his spectacular, almost explosive, use of colour and the poor state of his mental health, whi

17、ch brought his life to a sad end.译文译文Digging3 Yet, according to medical research since van Goghs death, it now seems that these two features may be linked, and that his mental health may have contributed to his artistic style, not just at the end of his life, but at earlier times as well.译文译文Digging

18、4 Van Gogh was born in Holland in 1853, and his early career working for an international art dealer took him to London, Paris and Belgium. When he decided to become a painter in 1880 with the support of his brother Theo, his early work was, not surprisingly, filled with the gloomy light of Northern

19、 Europe.译文译文Digging5 In Paris van Gogh met many of the artists later known as Impressionists, such as Degas, Toulouse-Lautrec, Pissarro and Gauguin. His style changed under their influence, and became lighter and brighter. He used small strokes of primary colours (red, blue and yellow) and complemen

20、tary colours (purple, orange and green). He was also sensitive to the more abstract style of Gauguins paintings, where shapes of objects are represented by distinct zones of colour. 译文译文Digging6 Yet despite working in such an encouraging atmosphere, van Gogh could not equal his friends growing succe

21、ss. He was unable to pay for models, and so he painted a large number of self-portraits, which may indicate his potential for soul searching. 译文译文Digging7 Van Gogh soon grew discouraged with his life in Paris, and moved to Arles in the south of France, where, drawn by the sunshine, he hoped to estab

22、lish an artists community. He felt liberated by the people, the buildings and the scenery there, and painted them with vivid, passionate colours and a cheerfulness which was new to him and his career. He was keen for Gauguin to visit him, and finally persuaded him to make the journey. 译文译文DiggingThe

23、 paintings of Sunflowers and his home were partly intended as a welcome to Gauguin, partly a reflection of his happiness. But because of the intensity of van Goghs friendship for him and hostile disagreements about their working methods, Gauguin left Arles. At this event, van Gogh cut off part of hi

24、s own right ear.译文译文Digging8 Van Gogh spent several desperate periods in a mental hospital over the next two years because of his depression and his concern that he had heard voices. His style became more experimental, with stronger lines and sharper colours, always dominated by the green of the oli

25、ve trees, the blue of the sky and the spectacular yellow of the sun. This was the period of his greatest output and some success, with the famous The Starry Night and other paintings being well-received by critics at the annual exhibition in Paris. 译文译文Digging9 But these very productive periods were

26、 matched by moments when despair prevailed, during which he doubted his ability to create a work of value. In a delicate state of mind, van Gogh returned to a friend near Paris and continued his work. In 1890 he shot himself, taking two days to die.10 So what is the link between his love of intense

27、colour and his destructive mental state?译文译文Digging11 We now know more about mental and physical illness, and their effects. Van Gogh suffered from epilepsy, an illness which leads to fits, and which may have been caused by a defect in the brain at birth. This was made worse by drinking absinthe, a

28、popular but dangerous alcohol often drunk by artists at the time. His doctor prescribed a drug which can cause the patient to see everything in yellow or to see yellow spots. This may have been why van Gogh loved the colour.Digging12 Van Gogh experienced a surge of activity, after which he became ti

29、red and depressed. We now recognize these to be symptoms of bipolar disorder. He also used lead-based paints, exposure to which can lead to lead poisoning. One of the symptoms of lead poisoning is a swelling of the retinas in the eyes, which can cause one to see light in circles around objects. We c

30、an see this effect in paintings such as The Starry Night. 译文译文Digging13 Another condition linked to epilepsy and manic behaviour is the spontaneous need to write continuously. Van Gogh wrote over 800 letters to his brother, Theo, which might be the result of this condition.译文译文Digging14 Van Gogh wan

31、ted his paintings to be realistic, so he worked outdoors. Some of the episodes of aggressiveness and feeling sick may be the effects of sunstroke.译文译文Digging15 Finally, hearing voices is a well-established symptom of schizophrenia, a serious mental illness which changes the relationship between what

32、 you think and reality.译文译文Digging16 We talk about the genius necessary to produce great works of art. In van Goghs case, his genius, especially in his use of colour, may be due to his mental health. As art lovers, we acknowledge that van Gogh produced some of the greatest paintings the world has ev

33、er known, and gave inspiration to so many later artists. But we should not overlook the mental torture he suffered for his art.译文译文1. and so he painted a large number of self-portraits, which may indicate his potential for soul searching. (Line 3, Para 6)His interest in painting his own face may ind

34、icate his interest in examining himself and asking himself questions about his values and the meaning of his life. soul searching: asking oneself questions about ones values and the meaning of ones lifeDifficult sentences Difficult sentences 2. He felt liberated by the people, the buildings and the

35、scenery there, and painted them with vivid, passionate colours and a cheerfulness which was new to him and his career. (Line 3, Para 7)He felt a new freedom from the lifestyle, attitudes and scenery he experienced there. His pictures from that time were brighter in colour and happier in mood than an

36、y he had painted before. Difficult sentences 3. But because of the intensity of van Goghs friendship for him and hostile disagreements about their working methods, Gauguin left Arles. (Line 9, Para 7)The friendship was a lot stronger on van Goghs part than Gauguins and this made the latter feel unco

37、mfortable about it. The two argued bitterly about art (for example, van Gogh believed in painting out in the open, whereas Gauguin thought it better to paint from memory). As their relations got worse, van Gogh panicked that Gauguin would leave him, approached him with a razor blade in hand, and lat

38、er cut off his own ear with the blade. Gauguin decided his presence only made van Goghs behaviour worse and he left Arles while his dangerous friend was recovering in hospital. Difficult sentences 4. In a delicate state of mind, van Gogh returned to a friend near Paris and continued his work. In 189

39、0 he shot himself, taking two days to die. (Line 4, Para 9)delicate state of mind: psychologically fragile; close to breakdownDifficult sentences 5. Van Gogh experienced a surge of activity, after which he became tired and depressed. (Line 1, Para 12)a surge of activity: of any activity he was engag

40、ed in at that time; for example, he might produce many paintings.Difficult sentences 6. Some of the episodes of aggressiveness and feeling sick may be the effects of sunstroke. (Line 2, Para 14)episodes of aggressiveness: for example, the arguments with and threatening GauguinDifficult sentences 7.

41、But we should not overlook the mental torture he suffered for his art. (Line 7, Para 16)As we enjoy van Goghs paintings, we ought to remember what pain and unhappiness his work caused him.explosive 释义释义1a. (usu before noun) relating to or like an explosion 爆炸式的例句例句Nuclear weapons are not the only ex

42、plosive force threatening civilization. 核武器不是唯一的威胁人类文明的爆炸力量。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Unemployment became an explosive issue. 失业成了一个爆炸性的问题。 翻译翻译释义释义2a. able to explode 会爆炸的WordsWords例句例句Highly explosive gas is naturally found in coal mines.煤矿中天然存有高爆气体。翻译翻译例句例句The explosive device was timed to go off at the

43、 rush hour.爆炸装置被设定在高峰时间引爆。 翻译翻译explosive 释义释义1n. C a single short line or mark made with a pen or brush （钢笔或毛笔的）一笔，一画例句例句The most complex Chinese character contains 64 strokes. 最复杂的汉字有64画。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译stroke Fill in gaps by using short, upward strokes of the pencil.用铅笔向上短短地勾画几道来填充空白。 释义释义2

44、n. C one of the series of sounds some clocks make to mark the hour, or the time marked by this （某些钟表整点报时的）一敲，一响例句例句The telephone rang at the stroke of six. 钟敲六下，电话铃响了。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句翻译翻译On the stroke of 12, fireworks suddenly exploded into the night. 12 点的钟声刚敲响，焰火便在夜空中绽放。stroke 释义释义1a. abstract

45、art expresses the artists ideas or feelings rather than showing the exact appearance of people or things （艺术）抽象派的例子例子翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句Abstract art is an acquired taste.翻译翻译对抽象派艺术要有足够的了解才会欣赏。 .a modern abstract painting一幅现代派抽象画。 abstract 释义释义2a. abstract ideas exist as thoughts in the mind, and are

46、not related to physical objects or real events and actions 抽象的例句例句The photographs put a human face on an abstract political event. 这些照片上的人物面孔使抽象的政治事件具体化。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句 Some people say beauty itself is abstract.有人说美是抽象的。翻译翻译abstract 释义释义1a. able to be clearly seen, heard, smelt, or tasted 清晰的；清楚的

47、 例句例句There was a distinct smell of burning coming from downstairs. 楼下飘来浓烈的焦糊味。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句As dawn broke, the outline of a building became distinct against the sky. 天亮时建筑物的轮廓在天空的衬托下显得十分清晰。翻译翻译distinct 释义释义2 a. separate and different in a way that is clear 有区别的；不同的例句例句They were classified into

48、two distinct groups. 他们被归入两种不同类型的群体。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句The company, as distinct from its shareholders, should be liable for any debts. 公司与其股东不同，负有偿还债务的责任。翻译翻译真题真题Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. (Jun. 1998, CET-4, Reading Comprehension) dist

49、inct 释义释义1vt. to make someone feel less confident or hopeful 使泄气；使灰心例句例句Trying to lose weight fast will only discourage you. 试图迅速减肥只会使你灰心丧气。 翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句It may be difficult to do at first. Dont let this discourage you.翻译翻译万事开头难，别因此而灰心。discourage 释义释义2vt. to try to prevent something from happen

50、ing, especially because you do not approve of it or think it is harmful （尤指因反对或认为有害而）阻止，制止例句例句Put the plant in a cold room to discourage growth. 把这棵植物放到较冷的房间阻止其生长。翻译翻译WordsWords例句例句We hope the bad weather wont discourage people from coming along. 我们希望坏天气不会阻止人们前来。 翻译翻译discourage 释义释义1vt. to give some

51、one the freedom to do what they want, for example by taking them out of a situation in which their behaviour is controlled 解除对的束缚；解脱例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsIn the 1930s, electricity liberated farmers from many hard chores. 20世纪30年代，电使农民从许多累活儿中解脱了出来。 例句例句翻译翻译These reformation measures liberate all villager

52、s from poverty. 这些改革措施把村民们从贫困中解脱了出来。 liberate 真题真题Any institution that “liberates” students from fair and formal exams is misguided, if not ignorant. (Jan. 1991, CET-4, Reading Comprehension ) 释义释义2 adj. to make a place or the people in it free from soldiers who have been controlling it 解放例句例句翻译翻译Wo

53、rdsWords例句例句翻译翻译Those oppressed nations are rising to liberate themselves. 那些受压迫的国家要站起来解放他们自己。 They planned to march on and liberate the city.他们计划继续挺进，解放该城市。 liberate scenery 释义释义n. U natural things such as trees, hills, and lakes that you can see in a particular place 风景；景色；自然景观例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsSw

54、itzerland has some spectacular scenery. 瑞士有一些壮观的自然景观。 例句例句翻译翻译The train passes by some breathtaking scenery in the Canadian Rockies. 列车要经过加拿大境内落基山脉，可以看到一些令人惊叹的美景。 释义释义a. behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone 怀敌意的；不友善的例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsShe was openly hostile to him. 她公然对他怀有

55、敌意。 例句例句翻译翻译The West has gradually relaxed its hostile attitude to this influential country.西方对这个颇具影响力的国家的敌视态度已逐渐缓和。 hostile 释义释义1a. very worried and angry because you do not know how to deal with an unpleasant situation 绝望的例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsTV stations broadcast an appeal from the teenagers despera

56、te parents. 电视台播放了该少年绝望的父母的恳求。 例句例句翻译翻译The missing mans family are getting increasingly desperate. 失踪者的家人越来越绝望。 desperate I would never have resorted to a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate. (Jun. 2002, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure) 真题真题释义释义2 a. (usu before noun) extremely severe or seriou

57、s 非常严重的例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords这所学校的一些地方急需维修。 Parts of this school are in desperate need of repair. 例句例句翻译翻译desperate The Red Cross said it was in desperate need of blood. 红十字会说非常需要血液。 dominate 释义释义1v. to be the most important feature of something 成为（的）最主要特征例句例句翻译翻译WordsWordsCasual wear has come to domina

58、te the clothing market. 例句例句翻译翻译这场皇室婚礼成为了本周新闻的主题。 The royal marriage has dominated the news this week. 休闲装开始占据服装市场的主导地位。 释义释义2例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords电影导演这一行业中，男性占主导地位。 Movie directing is a profession dominated by men. Dont allow the computer to dominate your childs life. 例句例句翻译翻译别让计算机主宰了你孩子的生活。 v. to con

59、trol something or someone, often in a negative way, because you have more power or influence 支配；控制dominate output 释义释义n. C, U (usu sing) the amount of something that a person, organization, system etc produces 产量；作品例句例句翻译翻译WordsWords人手不足已使我们厂的年产量减少。 Shortage of hands has shrunk our plants yearly out

60、put.Government statistics show the largest drop in industrial output for ten years.例句例句翻译翻译政府统计数据显示这是10年来工业产量最大幅度的滑坡。 Its reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory will have risen by about 10%. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure) 真题真题well-received 释义释义a. get