CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试讲义

1、CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义37 / 38全国翻译资格考试CATTI三级笔译综合能力讲义目录第一节 2009年3月21日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1对于考试的了解和复习的基本策略2主要语法知识点（一）定语从句，练习及其译法第二节 2009年3月21日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1主要语法知识点（二）定语从句，长难句分析及翻译第三节 2009年3月28日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1主要语法知识点（三）非谓语动词，练习及其译法2阅读理解讲解第四节 2009年3月28日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1主要语法知识点（四）非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译2阅读理解两篇第

2、五节 2009年3月29日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1主要语法知识点（五）被动语态，练习及其译法2阅读理解讲解第六节 2009年3月29日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1主要语法知识点（六）被动语态，长难句分析及翻译2阅读理解两篇第七节 2009年4月4日下午15：00-17：30主要内容：1主要语法知识点（七）代词及虚拟语气，练习及其译法2阅读理解讲解3完型填空基本思路讲解第八节 2009年4月4日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1主要语法知识点（八）代词及虚拟语气，长难句分析及翻译2词汇一般练习3阅读理解两篇第九节 2009年4月11日下午15：00-17：30主要内容

3、：1词汇一般练习，形容词和副词的一般译法，长难句分析及翻译2阅读理解讲解第十节 2009年4月11日晚上18：30-21：00主要内容：1词汇一般练习2阅读理解两篇、完型填空基本思路讲解3最后复习指导性建议推荐教材：1英语笔译综合能力3级，外文出版社，黄源深总主编，2006年版。（黄皮书）2英语三级笔译考试真题精选，外文出版社，卢敏编，2006年版。（蓝皮书）课外阅读材料：1 张培基、喻云根等，英汉翻译教程。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1980年版。2 陈宏薇，新实用汉译英教程。武汉：湖北教育出版社，1996年版。3 柯平，英汉与汉英翻译教程。北京：北京大学出版社，1993年版。4 吕瑞昌、喻云

4、根，汉英翻译教程。西安：陕西人民出版社，1983年版。5 陆殿扬，英汉翻译理论与技巧（上、下册）。北京：时代出版社，1958年版。6 杨莉藜，英汉互译教程。开封：河南大学出版社，1993年版。7 范仲英，实用翻译教程。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1994年版。8 冯庆华，实用翻译教程。上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997年版。9 郭著章，英汉互译实用教程。武昌：武汉大学出版社，1996年版。10申雨平，实用英汉翻译教程。北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002年版。11古今明，英汉翻译基础。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2002年版。12王恩冕、李正中，大学英汉翻译教程。北京：对外经济贸易大学出版社，1

5、998年版。13李长拴，非文学翻译理论与实践。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司。14姜桂华，中式英语之鉴。北京：清华大学出版社。15庄绎传，英汉翻译简明教程。北京：外研社。16许渊冲：翻译的艺术，五洲传播出版社出版。17包惠南著：文化语境与语言翻译，中国对外翻译出版公司。18何善芬等著：英汉语言对比研究，上海外语教育出版社。19曾蕙兰：进出口实用英语，外文出版社。汉英中华文化词典，上海外语教育出版社。20翻译研究论文集(1894-1948、1949-1983)(翻译通讯编辑部)21翻译理论与翻译技巧文集，中国对外翻译出版公司。22Language, Culture, and Translation，

6、by Eugene A. Nida, Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press词法、句法流派代表作陆殿扬：英汉翻译理论与技巧，商务印书馆。张培基等：英汉翻译教程，上海外语教育出版社。冯树鉴：实用英汉翻译技巧，同济大学出版社。功能流派的代表作郭颐顿、张颖，商务英汉翻译教程，中山大学出版社，1995年版。张鸾铃，实用英汉翻译技巧，广东教育出版社，1996年版。谭宝全，现代英语翻译技巧，上海交通大学出版社，1997年版。当代译论流派代表作柯平，英汉与汉英翻译教程，北京大学出版社。杨莉藜，英汉互译教程，河南大学出版社。范仲英，实用翻译教程，外语教学与研究出版社

7、。陈宏薇，新实用汉译英教程，湖北教育出版社。中文语法书目吕叔湘，朱德熙：语法修辞讲话，辽宁教育出版社。王力：中国现代语法，商务印书馆。王力：中国古代语法，商务印书馆。高名凯：汉语语法理论，商务印书馆。吕叔湘：语法学习，复旦大学出版社。翻译史马祖毅：中国翻译史，中国对外翻译出版公司。方文华：中国翻译史，西北大学出版社。谭载喜：西方翻译简史，商务印书馆。第一节 考试内容介绍、定语从句讲解、练习及译法第一部分 考试介绍一、考试题型词汇和语法部分 50题 25分 25分钟阅读理解 50题 55分 75分钟完型填空 20题 20分 20分钟二、考试要求掌握本大纲要的英语词汇；掌握并能够正确运用双语语法；

8、具备对常用问题英语文章的阅读理解能力。三、笔译综合能力试题的基本类型第一部分词汇和语法部分可分为三大部分：词汇选择（Vocabulary and Grammar）1-20难度大约在四级左右；词语替代（Vocabulary Selection）21-40主要找出和划横线部分相同意思的词汇，难度在4级到6级之间；改错（Error Correction）主要有词汇和语法的两种错误。第一部分考察的内容主要为近义词的辨析、短语介词和动词词组的搭配；语法点主要包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。在其后会分专题来讲解。第二部分阅读理解共5篇，字数在每篇150-450字之间，绝大多数

9、在250字左右，每篇有5到10题，不定量。题材广泛，选题多样。类似于四级以上难度和题型，但是和专业四级题型更加相似。第三部分为开放性完型填空，20空，共20分。题材广泛，选题多样。难度和专业四级等同。四、基本复习策略综合能力课程作为三级笔译必修的课程，主要是考察学生对于英语基本知识的了解，特别是对双语习惯的掌握，为了能够更好地为实务课程打下坚实的基础，所以希望每一位同学都不要对这门课程产生掉以轻心的念头。根据个人经验，我个人推荐以下几个复习的策略：第一、要对大纲的词汇做到十分熟悉，这种熟悉不是简单地认识，而是要学会使用，特别是在没有字典的帮助之下可以迅速而准确地判断搭配。第二、对于语法结构的重

10、视，但凡是学翻译就必须要对语法结构有着深入的了解，这种了解不是简单地会划分句子成分，而是将每个句子如何组合，这将决定你实务中的句型翻译的关键。第三，阅读能力要强。任何考试都是得阅读者得天下，咱们的综合能力考试也不除外。包括实务考试，如果文章内容没有弄明白，那么对文章的翻译肯定是不行的。以上三点经验之谈，仅供参考。第二部分 定语从句的讲解、练习及译法1that和which用法比较：1) which用于非限定性定语从句中。e.g.: He said he was busy, which was not true. 他说他很忙，那是假的。We dont want to enter the house

11、, which is very cold. 我们不想进房间，因为太冷了。2) which用于介词后做宾语。e.g.: The room of which windows are opposite to the room is large. 窗户正对着海的房间很大。The chair in which you are sitting is made of iron. 你坐的椅子是用钢做的。3) that一定用于“不（不定代词作先行词时）止（“只是”only修饰先行词时）最（形容词最高级修饰先行词时）两（先行词同时出现人和物）序（序数词修饰先行词时）”五种情况。e.g.: All that you

12、 need is help. 你所需要的是帮助。A lot of things and children that are full of the car were lost in the district. 装满了车的东西和孩子们在这个地区失踪了。That is only thing that I want to know. 那是我唯一想知道的事情。The last book that you bought is that I wanted to buy. 你买的最后一本书是我想买的。What is the size of the largest map that you have seen

13、 before? 你以前见过的最大的尺寸的地图有多大？2定语从句的种类定语从句可分为非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和限定性定语从句。e.g.: They dont like that person who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个吵闹的人。*非限定性定语从句（描绘性定语从句）和先行词关系紧密，不可省略。e.g.: They dont like that person, who is noisy. 他们不喜欢那个人，因为他太吵闹了。*限定性定语从句和先行词关系疏松，用逗号和主句隔开，可以省略。它翻译时，相当于一个状语从句。语法及词汇练习1. The bridge was named

14、 _ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A after B with C by D from2. There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance.A preferable B considerable C possible D available3. _ the Revolutionary War, the United States was an English colony.A Inferior to B Superior to C Prior to D Prefer

15、able to4. Cancer is second only _ heart disease as a cause of death.A of B to C with D from5. It wasn't such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A that B which C as D what6. American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle.A ignored B neglected C refused D den

16、ied7. They decided to chase the cow away _ it did more damage.A unless B until C before D although8. _ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A Each B Any C Either D One9. The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at _ chemists.A each B some C any D certain

17、10. All _ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A what is needed B for our needs C the thing needed D that is needed11. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing12. After _ for the job,

18、 you will be required to take a language test.A being interviewed B interviewed C interviewing D having interviewed13. _ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A That was from Stephen B It was Stephen whomC It was from Stephen that D It was Stephen that14. If these shoes are too big,

19、 ask the clerk to bring you a smaller _.A suit B set C one D pair15. Many new _ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A opportunities B necessities C realities D probabilities16. He must have had an accident, or he _ then.A would have been here B had to be here C shou

20、ld be here D would be here17. You _ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A neednt have done B must not have doneC shouldnt have done D can not have done18. It was very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you _ it.A mustnt have done B wouldnt have doneC mightnt have d

21、one D didnt have to do19. It was essential that the applications forms _ back before the deadline. A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent20. We _ our breakfast when an old man came to the door. A just have had B have just had C just had D had just had21. I had just started back for the

22、 house to change my clothes _ I heard voices.A as B while C after D when22. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave, _ something occurred which attracted my attention.A unless B until C when D while23. It was essential that these application forms _ back as early as possible.A must be se

23、nt B will be sent C are sent D be sent24. The children went there to watch the iron tower _.A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected25. The engine _ smoke and steam.A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off26. The manager promised to keep me _ of how our business was going on.A to be

24、informed B on informing C informed D informing27. The goals _ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A after which B for which C with which D at which28. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _ in a quiet neighborhood.A all in all B above all C after all D over

25、 all29. _ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now30. What you have done is _ the doctors orders.A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to译法：1定语从句的前置合译法：On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certai

26、n degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的

27、态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 2定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力

28、的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。3定语从句的溶合变译法；This assumption

29、rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只

30、相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。定语从句翻译练习：1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要

31、屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到

32、游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。4. Th

33、e number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。（前置译法）第二节 语法及词汇练习、定语从句长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解讲解回顾也是一种前瞻 Reviewing is preparing us for the future第一部分 语法及词汇练习1. John regretted _ to the meeting last week.A not going B not to go C not h

34、aving been going D not to be going2. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _.A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice3. They _ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward4. Mrs. Brown is supposed

35、_ for Italy last week.A to have left B to be leaving C to leave D to have been left5. Hes watching TV? Hes _ to be cleaning his room.A known B considered C regarded D supposed6. My camera can be _ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A treated B adjusted C adopted D remedied7. A new techni

36、que _, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent.A working out B having worked outC having been worked out D to have been worded out8. Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded _ 27%.A by B for C to D in9. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _.A hurt

37、 B damaged C spoiled D harmed10. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _ over his business to his son.A take B hand C think D get11. We had a party last month, and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month.A another B more C the other D other12. No agreement was reached in the discussion as neit

38、her side would give way to _.A the other B any other C another D other13. It was difficult to guess what her _ to the news would be.A impression B reaction C comment D opinion14. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A finish what I did B finished what I didC would finish what I was doing D

39、finished what I was doing15. We are interested in the weather because it _ us so directly what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel.A benefits B affects C guides D effects16. Will all those _ the proposal raise their hands?A in relation to B in contrast to C in excess of D in favor of17. Childr

40、en are very curious _.A at heart B in person C on purpose D by nature18. The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard court.A objected to having B were objected to haveC objected to have D were objected to having19. The man in the corner confessed to _ a lie to th

41、e manager of the company.A have told B having told C being told D be told20. The teacher doesnt permit _ in class.A smoke B to smoke C smoking D to have a smoke21. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _ it.A postpone B refuse C delay D cancel22. These books, which you c

42、an get at any bookshop, will give you _ you need.A all the information B all the informationsC all of information D all of the informations23. Not until the game had begun _ at the sports ground.A had he arrived B would he have arrived C did he arrive D should he have arrived24. Young people are not

43、 _ to stand and look at works of art; they want art they can participate in. A conservative B content C confident D generous25. Most broadcasters maintain that TV has been unfairly criticized and argue that the power of the medium is _.A granted B implied C exaggerated D remedied26. These surveys in

44、dicate that many crimes go _ by the police, mainly because not all victims report them.A unrecorded B to be unrecorded C unrecording D to have been unrecorded27. I have no objection _ your story again. A to hear B to hearing C to having heard D to have heard28. The clothes a person wears may express

45、 his _ or social position.A curiosity B status C determination D significance29. By law, when one makes a large purchase, he should have _ opportunity to change his mind.A accurate B urgent C excessive D adequate30. You will see this product _ wherever you go.A to be advertised B advertised C advert

46、ise D advertising第二部分 定语从句长难句成分分析及翻译练习5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电

47、视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。（后置译法）6. Taking his cue from Ibsens A Dolls House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husbands treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的剧作玩偶

48、之家中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。（句首译法）7. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。（倒

49、装、定从使用）8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen re

50、synthesis. 随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会（部分）传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。9. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very mu

51、ch for stable monogamy. 虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。10. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of

52、 prohibition against unions with close kin. 古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。第三部分 阅读理解的基本理念（见PPT）第三节 非谓语动词，练习及其译法，阅读理解讲解及练习第一部分 阅读理解题目练习：When my first child was born, my mother-in-law said to me: Motherhood is a wonderful just as long

53、 as you remember that A Mothers Place is in the Wrong. No matter what you do, your children will blame you.Sine that time, almost nine years ago, I have carefully monitored mothers and their growing offspring to verify this maxim, and found that indeed it contains much truth.If, on the other hand, a

54、 mother sends her little lamb to the local neighborhood school, the little lamb will grumble tears later that his parents did not give a fig for education and that is why he was illiterate and on the dole. If a woman has a job, her children will speak mournfully of the experience of being latch-key

55、kids who never knew what it was to come home to the joy and security of mum baking bread in the kitchen.If she considers it to e best to end the marriage, they will accuse her of causing them parental deprivation syndrome and obligation them to grow up in a one-parent situation.Truly, a mothers place is in the wrong place-and, yea, it goes on even unto the third generation. When your children encounter trouble or difficulties as adults, in their own marriages or in their personalities, whom do you