意向专业与就业解析课程-Tesol

1、意向专业与就业解析课程意向专业与就业解析课程TESOL职业规划部文科组职业规划部文科组ContentsTESOL是什么是什么1TESOL与教育学与教育学2学校对比学校对比3中美就业简介中美就业简介4TESOL简介简介n 正确理解正确理解TESOL的含义的含义 n TESOL是英文全称“Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages” 的缩写，即教授母语为非英语的英语教学专业， 翻译成中文意思就是“对外英语教学”。TESOL的教学目的就是教授母语为非英语的英语教学的方法和理论，提升英语教学的师资水平。n 在全球如果按照英语教学的对象来划分的话可分为

2、两种英语教学模式，一种是以英语作为母语的英语教学，类似于中国的中文教学。 另一种是以英语为非母语的英语教学，类似于中国的对外汉语教学。 TESOL 的教学对象就是针对后者而言， 即对母语为非英语的人的英语教学。因此，参加TESOL学习的人是要求必须有一定的英语水平，通过培训学习进而提高其教学水平， 而非来此进行英文水平的再提高。TESOL n 英语教学的对象依学生的母语可分成两群英语教学的对象依学生的母语可分成两群: n 英语是母语的人(如美国人,英国人,加拿大人)和英语非母语的人(如南美洲人,中国人,法国人). TESOL 的对象是第二群. 因为是“对外”,TESOL 的教学方法特别考虑到学

3、生的母语和文化背景. 以中文教学做比喻,教一个在中国长大的孩子中文和教一个在美国长大的孩子中文,方法当然是不一样的.n 特别要澄清的是: TESOL 的主题是“如何教英语”而不是“如何学英语”. 取得了外语或外文学位的人不一定具备了英语教学的条件.“英语教学”,尤其是“对外英语教学”,是一个专业,有它特别的专业知识. TESOL的教学对象的教学对象英语是母语的人.(如美国人,英国人,加拿大人)英语教学的对象英语教学的对象英语非母语的人 (如南美洲人,中国人,法国人). TESOL、EFL、ESL、ESOL、ELTnTESOL stands for Teaching English to Spe

4、akers of Other Languages, and is probably the most general of these terms. n对外英语教学对外英语教学nEFL stands for English as a Foreign Language (TEFL = Teaching English as a Foreign Language), and refers to teaching English in a place where it is not widely spoken; where it is a foreign language. n英语作为外语英语作为外

5、语nESL stands for English as a Second Language (TESL = Teaching English as a Second Language), and usually refers to teaching English to non-native English speakers in a country where English is widely spoken (like the U.S.) nESL是是English as a Second Language的缩写，是国际学生进入美国大学必修的语言的缩写，是国际学生进入美国大学必修的语言课程

6、。课程。nESOL stands for English for Speakers of Other Languages and is usually used to refer to teaching ESL in K-12 public schools in the U.S. n它是为不是以英语为母语国家的学生准备学习（一般它是为不是以英语为母语国家的学生准备学习（一般“K12”是指从幼儿园是指从幼儿园（Kindergarten，通常，通常5-6岁）到十二年级（岁）到十二年级（grade 12，通常，通常17-18岁），这两个年级岁），这两个年级是美国、澳大利亚及是美国、澳大利亚及Engl

7、ish Canada的免费教育头尾的两个年级。的免费教育头尾的两个年级。nELT stands for English Language Teaching.教育学与教育学与TESOLn教育学相对于教育学相对于TESOL的区别的区别n教育学是研究人类教育现象和问题、揭示一般教育规律的一门社会科学。教育学可以是整体也可以是细分。从宏观角度来说，教育学是一个大的概念，它其中包括高等教育学，基础教育学，学前教育学，特殊教育学，比较教育学，成人教育学等等。从微观角度来看，教育学是一门专门研究教育现象，揭示教育规律，指导教育实践的一门学科，具有很强的理论性和实践性。nTESOL是“Teaching Eng

8、lish to Speakers of Other Languages” 的缩写,中文翻译是“对外英语教学” . TESOL 的教学对象英语非母语国家的人群。nTESOL证书作为一项国际英语教师的职业资格证书，TESOL已经被国际上80多个国家的5000多所学校认可，并在全世界拥有近百个团体会员和14000多名专业人士。在北美、英国、澳大利亚、新西兰等英语国家，大部分学校和语言培训机构都认可TESOL证书。目前，已经有包括中国在内的80多个国家和地区开设了TESOL课程。n 这类专业故名思议就是teaching English to speakers in other language，主要学

9、习的会是包括英语教学方式，方法，文化区别以及语言架构等之类课程。 n所以在一定程度上，所以在一定程度上， 可以说可以说TESOLTESOL属于教育学的一个类别。属于教育学的一个类别。 美国一些大学美国一些大学TESOLTESOL在教在教育类下面，也有的在英语系下面。育类下面，也有的在英语系下面。 美国美国TESOL专业排名专业排名：n 1. 哈佛大学哈佛大学 【Harvard University (MA)】n 加州大学伯克利分校加州大学伯克利分校 【University of CaliforniaBerkeley】n 耶鲁大学耶鲁大学 【Yale University (CT)】n 4. 普

10、林斯顿大学普林斯顿大学 【Princeton University (NJ)】n 斯坦福大学斯坦福大学 【Stanford University (CA)】n 6. 康奈尔大学康奈尔大学 【Cornell University (NY)】n 芝加哥大学芝加哥大学 【University of Chicago】n 8. 哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学 【Columbia University (NY)】n 约翰霍普金斯大学【约翰霍普金斯大学【Johns Hopkins University (MD)】n 10. 加州大学洛杉机分校加州大学洛杉机分校 【University of CaliforniaL

11、os Angeles】n 宾夕法尼亚大学宾夕法尼亚大学 【University of Pennsylvania】 n .n 12. 杜克大学杜克大学 【Duke University (NC)】n 密歇根大学密歇根大学-安娜堡分校安娜堡分校 【University of MichiganAnn Arbor】n 弗吉尼亚大学弗吉尼亚大学 【University of Virginia】 n 15. 布朗大学布朗大学 【Brown University (RI)】n 16. 新泽西州立罗格斯大学新泽西州立罗格斯大学 【Rutgers State UniversityNew Brunswick (N

12、J)】n 加州大学欧文分校加州大学欧文分校 【University of CaliforniaIrvine】n 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校 【University of WisconsinMadison】 n 19. 西北大学西北大学 【Northwestern University (IL)】n 伊利诺伊大学厄本那伊利诺伊大学厄本那香槟分校香槟分校 【University of IllinoisUrbana-Champaign】n 北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校 【University of North CarolinaChapel Hill】n 德州大学

13、奥斯汀分校德州大学奥斯汀分校 【University of TexasAustin】 n 23. 纽约城市大学纽约城市大学 【CUNY Graduate School and University Center】n 印地安那大学伯明顿分校印地安那大学伯明顿分校 【Indiana UniversityBloomington】n 纽约大学纽约大学 【New York University】 学校对比学校对比University of PennsylvaniaColumbia UniversityUniversity of Pennsylvanian University of Pennsylvan

14、ia 宾夕法尼亚大学n 综合排名：第五名n 地理位置：宾夕法尼亚州n 宾夕法尼亚大学，是美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的一所男女同校的私立大宾夕法尼亚大学，是美国宾夕法尼亚州费城的一所男女同校的私立大学，也是美国常春藤盟校成员之一。它于学，也是美国常春藤盟校成员之一。它于1740年由美国著名科学家年由美国著名科学家和政治家、独立宣言起草人之一本杰明和政治家、独立宣言起草人之一本杰明富兰克林创办，当时为一所富兰克林创办，当时为一所慈善学校。慈善学校。 n 宾大现已成为拥有宾大现已成为拥有12所学院，几百个系、研究所和研究中心的世界一所学院，几百个系、研究所和研究中心的世界一流研究性大学。在流研究性大学。在

15、2010年度美国新闻与世界报导杂志对全美大年度美国新闻与世界报导杂志对全美大学进行的评估中，宾大被列为第学进行的评估中，宾大被列为第6所美国最好的综合性大学，与加州所美国最好的综合性大学，与加州理工并列。理工并列。University of Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚大学Graduate School of Education Building教育学院学院及专业设置学院及专业设置n Graduate School of Education n 网址：网址：/ n专业设置：专业设置：Programs at a GlancenApplied

16、Psychology - Human DevelopmentnFoundations and Practices of Education nHigher EducationnLanguage and Literacy in EducationnPolicy, Measurement and EvaluationnTeacher Preparation ProgramsnExecutive ProgramsnOther ProgramsnUndergraduate OptionsnNon-Degree Optionsn n n Which Degree?nMaster of Science i

17、n Education (M.S.Ed.), nMaster of Science (M.S.), Master of Philosophy in Education (M.Phil.Ed.), nDoctor of Education (Ed.D.), and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degrees, along with some certificate and non-degree options. 学位设置学位设置n 1.Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.)n 简介：简介：n Interested in ad

18、vancing your career in education practice or related fields? You may consider one of our masters of science in education (M.S.Ed.) degrees.n At Penn GSE, our M.S.Ed. programs cover a wide range, everything from school counseling, to teacher education, to language and literacy, to education policy -

19、and many other specialties in between. Our 21 programs will give you a foundational knowledge of the field of education and prepare you for professional positions in a broad range of organizations. Many will prepare you for professional certification in your field.n Most of these programs can be com

20、pleted in one year of full-time study. Some include research methods course requirements and/or completion of a mentorship or field placement.n The M.S.Ed. requires a minimum of 10 course units.Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.)n Penn GSE offers the M.S.Ed. degree in:n Counseling and Mental He

21、alth Services 教育咨询和身心健康服务n Education, Culture, & Society 教育，文化与社会n Education Policy 教育政策n Higher Education 高等教育n Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Development 交叉学科（人类发展学）n Intercultural Communication n International Educational Development n Language and Literacy 语言和文学教育n Learning Sciences and

22、Technologies 学习科学与技术n Professional School Counseling, Executive Masters 专业学校咨询n Reading/Writing/Literacy (Reading Specialist Certification) n School Leadership n Teacher Education n Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages 对外英语教学n Teach For America (TFA) Urban Teacher 宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院关于宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院

23、关于TESOL小结小结n 宾夕法尼亚大学的宾夕法尼亚大学的TESOL是设置在教育学下面的是设置在教育学下面的Language and Literacy in Education的，所获得的学位是的，所获得的学位是Master of Science in Education (M.S.Ed.)，而宾大的，而宾大的M.S.Ed. degree学位下面又学位下面又包含包含了从学校教育咨询了从学校教育咨询（school counseling），教师教育（），教师教育（teacher education），语言和文学教），语言和文学教育（育（language and literacy），到教育政策（），

24、到教育政策（education policy）等很多教）等很多教育学分支育学分支 。n 下面我们来具体的看一下下面我们来具体的看一下TESOL在宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院设置及其课程设在宾夕法尼亚大学教育学院设置及其课程设置情况。置情况。Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) n M.S.Ed.nThe highly acclaimed M.S.Ed. TESOL specialization, housed within the Educational Linguistics program, prepares studen

25、ts to teach English to non-native speakers in settings where English is a second, foreign, or international language. The program emphasizes the many roles and functions of English language teaching in the political, social, and academic climate of todays world. nThe TESOL specialization focuses on

26、both the practical and theoretical aspects of the field. The program is classroom oriented, with a strong focus on sociolinguistics（社会语言学）（社会语言学）, intercultural communication（跨文化交流）（跨文化交流）, and the interaction of language learning and use（语言的学习与使用的相互作（语言的学习与使用的相互作用）用）. Together, these form a dynamic

27、 backdrop against which to study the foundational areas of linguistics, literacy, and education. n要点点拨：要点点拨：nTESOL在教育学中备受好评。英语教学专业，设置在教育语言学下面，为母语为非英在教育学中备受好评。英语教学专业，设置在教育语言学下面，为母语为非英语的人的准备的英语教学。语的人的准备的英语教学。n英语教学的专业领域集理论和实践为一体。注重社会语言学，跨文化的沟通，交流和英语教学的专业领域集理论和实践为一体。注重社会语言学，跨文化的沟通，交流和语言学习和使用。语言学习和使用。TES

28、OL课程设置课程设置nM.S.Ed. TESOL graduates teach in a variety of local, national, and international settings. Many continue their studies in doctoral programs. Affiliations with TESOL alumni now in leadership positions at schools and universities worldwide make it possible for students to teach in internati

29、onal settings. nStudents complete 12 course units, two of which may be transferred from outside the University of Pennsylvania. A 30-hour project and internship satisfies a partial requirement of the comprehensive examination and can be taken for one course unit. nCourses include: nEDUC 525 Fieldwor

30、k in Language in Education 语言学教育实地考察语言学教育实地考察nEDUC 527 Approaches to Teaching English and Other Modern Languages 英语教学方法及英语教学方法及其他现代语言其他现代语言nEDUC 537 Educational Linguistics 教育语言学教育语言学nEDUC 546 Sociolinguistics in Education 社会语言学教育社会语言学教育nEDUC 563 Internship, Seminar, Thesis: TESOL 英语教学：实习，研讨和论文英语教学：

31、实习，研讨和论文nEDUC 661 Language Diversity and Education 语言多样性与教育语言多样性与教育nEDUC 670 Second Language Acquisition 第二语言习得第二语言习得nEDUC 675 Structure of English 英语结构英语结构Columbia University综合排名：第四名综合排名：第四名地理位置：地理位置：美国纽约市曼哈顿美国纽约市曼哈顿简述：哥伦比亚大学简述：哥伦比亚大学于于1754年年，根据英国国王乔治二世颁布的国王宪章根据英国国王乔治二世颁布的国王宪章而成立，属于私立的常春藤盟校，由三个本科生院

32、和十三个研究生院构成，而成立，属于私立的常春藤盟校，由三个本科生院和十三个研究生院构成，哥伦比亚的校友和教授中一共有哥伦比亚的校友和教授中一共有87人获得过诺贝尔奖。包括奥巴马总统在内人获得过诺贝尔奖。包括奥巴马总统在内的三位美国总统是该校的毕业生。此外，学校的医学、法学、商学的三位美国总统是该校的毕业生。此外，学校的医学、法学、商学、教育、教育和和新闻学院都名列前茅。其新闻学院颁发的普利策奖是美国新闻界的最高荣誉。新闻学院都名列前茅。其新闻学院颁发的普利策奖是美国新闻界的最高荣誉。哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学哥伦比亚大学LOW LOW 纪念图书纪念图书馆，哥大的代表性建筑，哥馆，哥大

33、的代表性建筑，哥大校长大校长LOWLOW先生为了纪念他先生为了纪念他的父亲建造。的父亲建造。19341934年前为图年前为图书馆，现为办公、展览及集书馆，现为办公、展览及集会的地方。会的地方。新学期开学，犹太人各俱乐部开始招兵买马了。哥大给人的印象，犹太学生不少。 阳光下的排球赛。城市中的校园内没有大块的运动场 沐浴在阳光下。美国人喜欢沐浴在阳光下。美国人喜欢bake their skin。学校图书馆高大的台阶上也是学生们享学校图书馆高大的台阶上也是学生们享受阳光及与友人交流的好地方。受阳光及与友人交流的好地方。圣.保罗教堂，哥大内举行宗教仪式、婚礼等活动的地方。 前两图为哥大街景。后两图为国

34、际关系学院及学生公寓。 BUTLER图书馆。哥大校园内共有25个图书馆，总计藏书950万册，全美十大学术图书馆之一 工程与应用科学学院。这个学院的教学楼内进进出出的学生中亚洲面孔的学生很多。 假日的午餐。这种悠闲生活很让人羡慕，吃的虽然只是汉堡与薯条，但却乐在其中 哥伦比亚大学校门。最初哥大也是没有围墙哥伦比亚大学校门。最初哥大也是没有围墙与校门，完全开放的。与校门，完全开放的。1953年，前哥大校长艾森豪威尔任美国总统年，前哥大校长艾森豪威尔任美国总统后，建成了哥大现在的这个完整、紧凑的校后，建成了哥大现在的这个完整、紧凑的校园。园。两边的挺立的希腊神话雕塑象征哥大的教育两边的挺立的希腊神话

35、雕塑象征哥大的教育理念：科学与艺术。理念：科学与艺术。学生们可以在校园内无线上网。两个无线上网的学生象两个门神守卫在图书馆大门两侧。 研究生院中的著名的新闻学院，由它颁发的普利策奖是美国文学和新闻界的最高荣誉。 普利策奖普利策奖也称为普利策新闻奖普利策新闻奖。 评选制度：普利策奖在每年的春季，由哥伦比亚大学的普利策奖评选委员会的十四名会员评定，4月中的一天公布结果，并于5月由哥伦比亚大学校长正式颁发。 Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) The program emphasizes study in the follo

36、wing areas:Second language teaching methodologies 第二语言教学法Teaching of the language skills 语言教学技巧Content area education for ESL students ESL 学生教育内容ESL/EFL materials development and curriculum design ESL/EFL 材料收集和课程设定Language teacher education 语言教师教育Language teacher observation and supervision 语言学教师观测与

37、监督Second language acquisition 第二语言习得Second language assessment 第二语言评估Classroom interaction 课堂互动Second language teaching and literacy 第二语言教学和文化Language program evaluation 语言学大纲评估Technology and language teaching and learning 技术和语言的教与学就业展望就业展望就业领域就业领域n Employment About this section n Kindergarten, elem

38、entary school, middle school, and secondary school teachers, held about 3.5 million jobs in 2008. Of the teachers in those jobs, about 179,500 were kindergarten teachers, 1.5 million were elementary school teachers, 659,500 were middle school teachers, and 1.1 million were secondary school teachers.

39、 Employment of teachers is geographically distributed much the same as the population.Licensure and certificationn All 50 States and the District of Columbia require public school teachers to be licensed. Licensure is not required for teachers in most private schools. Usually licensure is granted by

40、 the State Board of Education or a licensure advisory committee. Teachers may be licensed to teach the early childhood grades (usually preschool through grade 3); the elementary grades (grades 1 through 6 or 8); the middle grades (grades 5 through 8); a secondary-education subject area (usually grad

41、es 7 through 12); or a special subject, such as reading or music (usually grades kindergarten through 12).What is this job like?nTeachers teach children to read, write, do math, and much more. They use games, videos, computers, and other tools to teach children different subjects.nTeachers show stud

42、ents skills. They also explain information. Teachers plan their lessons before they teach, which can take a lot of time.nTeachers try to make their lessons easy to understand. They teach things in different ways so that different students can learn in the way that is easiest for them. Teachers might

43、 use a chalkboard, a projector, or a computer. They make posters or worksheets before class starts. Teachers plan the schedule for the day. Most teachers have to teach what the principal tells them.nTeachers also assign homework and class projects. They often have students work together to do projec

44、ts. When students are not doing as well as they should, teachers help them.nAfter class, teachers grade papers and projects. They also create tests. They write students report cards. And they meet with parents to try to help their children do better in school. Teachers sometimes go to workshops to l

45、earn how to teach better. Some teachers also help with sports or other after-school activities.How do you get ready?nAll teachers in public schools must have a teaching certificate and a license to teach. Some are licensed to teach preschool through grade 3. Others are licensed to teach grades 1 thr

46、ough 6 or 8. Some are licensed to teach middle school or high school. Some have a license to teach a special subject.nYou must have a college degree to be a teacher, unless you are teaching a job skill like how to fix cars. You must take classes in education and practice teaching with the help of an

47、 experienced teacher.nTo be a teacher, you must pass tests in reading, writing, and other subjects. And you have to keep learning. In some States, you have to get a masters degree. You also need computer training in some States. nTeachers must be able to talk to children and be good leaders. The stu

48、dents must trust them. Teachers must be able to make students want to learn. They also should be organized, dependable, patient, and creative.薪资待遇薪资待遇 n How much does this job pay? n In May 2008, elementary school teachers had average yearly wages of $52,240. Middle school teachers made an average o

49、f $52,570 each year, while high school teachers made $54,390 each year. Special education teachers made slightly more than regular teachers.n Some teachers earn extra money during the summer by doing other jobs.就业前景就业前景n How many jobs are there? n There were 4.5 million jobs for teachers in 2008. Th

50、ey taught in every State.n What about the future?n Job opportunities for teachers over the next 10 years will vary from good to excellent, depending on the place where they live and the subject they teach. Some schools are having trouble finding enough teachers, especially in cities. Today, many sch

51、ools are looking for math and science teachers as well as teachers who speak a foreign language and who can teach English as a second language.n The number of jobs for teachers is expected to increase faster than the average for all occupations through 2018. Many teachers will retire, creating more

52、job openings.Earnings nMedian annual wages of kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers ranged from $47,100 to $51,180 in May 2008; the lowest 10 percent earned $30,970 to $34,280; the top 10 percent earned $75,190 to $80,970. nAccording to the American Federation of Teachers,

53、beginning teachers with a bachelors degree earned an average of $33,227 in the 2005-2006 school year. nIn 2008, of the majority of all elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers belonged to unionsmainly the American Federation of Teachers and the National Education Associationthat bargain wit

54、h school systems over salaries, hours, and other terms and conditions of employment. nTeachers can boost their earnings in a number of ways. In some schools, teachers receive extra pay for coaching sports and working with students in extracurricular activities. Getting a masters degree or national certification often results in a raise in pay, as does acting as a mentor. Some teachers earn extra income during the summer by teaching summer school or performing other jobs in the school syst