2013届高考英语：阅读理解命题点1-细节事实(解析01).解答

1、2013届高考英语： 阅读理解命题点1-细节事实（解析01）典型例题阅读理解主要用来测试考生的阅读速度、 阅读技巧、 理解能力和摄取书面信 息的能力， 即实际运用英语进行有效理解， 从而达到有效交际的能力。 这种高层 次的语言能力，要求考生须结合具体的篇章、具体的语境，考虑具体的场合、空 间、对象、情节等交际因素并予以分析判断。从近几年高考阅读理解题的考查点分布、语篇体裁和阅读量看，阅读理解题 的命题特点是：1词汇量加大，阅读速度提高。词汇量逐年增大是高考阅读理解题的最明 显的特征。 大幅度加大阅读量， 在有限的时间内完成大量的阅读任务， 提高了对 阅读速度的要求，这是大趋势。另外，非考纲词汇

2、也有所增加。2语篇结构较为复杂，长难句有所增加。突出语篇，加入了从篇章结构到 对深层次信息的考查力度。 长难句增加， 这也是高考英语阅读理解不可忽视的一 个语言现象。3题材、体裁多样化，选材更趋现代化、生活化、知识化，突出实用性与 时代性。阅读材料更加贴近生活实际，有浓厚的时代气息。题材多样化，包括日 常生活、古代传说、人物、社会、文化、史地、科技、政治、环保和经济等。且 多为母语为英语的人写的原汁原味的反映外国生活内容的文章。应试同分瓶颈阅读理解能力是学生英语综合能力的核心， 一个学生英语能力的高低很大程 度上取决于阅读能力的强弱， 而阅读理解又是整个高考试卷中分值最高、 分量最 重的部分，

3、阅读理解题做得如何直接影响考生的英语高考成绩。 高考阅读理解题， 不仅要求考生理解文章的字面意思， 还要求考生理解深层含义。 考生要理解其深 层含义，必须充分调动起自己的智力活动，如归纳、推理、想像等。考生阅读理解失误的原因主要有以下几方面：1抓不住文章的主题、脉络，理解偏离中心或信息凌乱，不知所云。2信息捕捉不准，做题凭感觉，缺乏依据。3即使能捕捉到信息，但缺乏对信息必要的处理能力，4复杂的句子结构及长句也制约着考生对短文的理解。5阅读速度慢，快速处理信息的能力差也是考生得分低的原因之一。预计：典型例题理解题篇幅及词汇量均有加大的趋势。断章取义”命题点1细节事实命题点3推理判断命题点2主旨大

4、意命题点4猜测词义*（典型例题）How Long Can People Live?She took up skating at age 85, made her first movie appearance at age 114, andheld a concert in the neighborhood on her 121st birthday.Whenit comesto long life. Jeanne Calment is the worlds recordholder. She livedto the ripe old age of 122. So is 122 the uppe

5、r limit to the human life span（寿命）? Ifscientists come up with some sort of pill or diet that would slow aging, could wepossibly makeit to 150or beyond?Researchers dont entirely agree on the answers. Calment lived to122, so it wouldnt surprise meif someonealive today reaches 130 or 135, says JerrySha

6、y at the University of Texas.Steve Austad at the University of Texas agrees. People can live much longer thanwe think, he says. Experts used to say that humans couldnt live past 110. WhenCalment blewpast that age, they raised the number to 120. So why cant we gohigher?The trouble with guessing how o

7、ld people can live to be is that its all just guessing.Anyone can makeup a number, says Rich Miller at the University of Michigan.Usually the scientist who picks the highest number gets his name in Time magazine.Wont new anti-aging techniques keep us alive for centu ries? Any cure, says Miller,for a

8、ging would probably keep most of us kicking until about 120. Researchers areworking on treatments that lengthen the life span of mice by 50 percent at most. So, ifthe average human life span is about 80 years, says Miller, adding another 50 percentwould get you to 120.So what can we conclude from th

9、is little disagreement a mong the researchers?That life span is flexible （有弹性的） but there is a limit, says George Martin of theUniversity of says. But a flys never going to live 150 years. Of course, if you becamea new species（物种） , onethat ages at a slower speed, that would be a different story, he

10、 adds.Does Martin really believe that humans could evolve （进化） theirway to longer life? its pretty cool to think about, he says with a smile.1. What does the story of Jeanne Calment prove to us?A. People can live to 122.B. Old people are creative.C. Women are sporty at 85.D. Women live longer than m

11、en.答案: A指导：第二段中“She lived to the ripeoldage of l22So is 122the upper limit to the human life span?告诉我们Jeanne Calment的经历证明人们可以活到122岁。2. According to Steve Austad at the University of Texas,_ .A. the average human life span could be 110B. scientists cannot find ways to slow agingC. few people can expe

12、ct to live to over 150D. researchers are not sure how long people can live答案: D指导：根据第四段SteveAustad的论述可判断出研究人员不能确定人 们的寿命有多长。3. Who would agree that a scientist will become famous if he makes the wildest guessat longevity?A. Jerry Shay.B. Steve Austad.C. Rich Miller.D. George Martin.答案：C指导： 第五段Anyone

13、can makeup anumber,”says Rich Miller at the UniversityOf Michigan。 “Usually the scientist who picks the highestnumber gest his nalne in Time magazine”说明RichMiller认为对人类的寿 命估计最高的科学家会出名。4. What can we infer from the last three paragraphs?A. Most of us could be good at sports even at 120.B. The average

14、human life span cannot be doubled.C. Scientists believe mice are aging at a slower speed than before.D. New techniques could be used to change flies into a new species.Passage答案：B指导：根据后三段的内容可推断出人们的平均寿命不会加倍。*（典型例题）If you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes aboutunemplo

15、yment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the lastlaugh. There are manyadvantages for the social science major because this high-techInformation Age demands people who are lexible（灵活） and who have goodcommunication skills.There are many social science majors in large companies who

16、fill importantpositions. For example, a number of re- search studies found that social sciencemajors bad achieved greater managerial success than those how had technical train-lng or pre-professional courses; Studies show that social science majors are mostsuited for change, which is the leading fea

17、tured （特 点） of the kind of high-speed,high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only experiencing success in their long termcompanyjobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that manycompanies had filled a large percentage of their entry level

18、positions with socialscience graduates. The study also showedthat the most sought-after quality in aperson who was looking for a job was communica- tion skills, noted as very importantby 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, of ten withoutknowing how important they ar

19、e. It is probably due to these skills that they have beenoffered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although some social science majors maystill find it more difficult thantheir technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report thatthey dont regret their choice of study

20、.1.By saying that you may have had the last laugh in the first paragraph, the authormeans that you may have_ .A. shared the jokes with computer majorsB. earned as much as computer majorsC. found jobs more easily than computer majorsD. stopped joking about computer majors答案: C指导：这是一道推断作者意图题。 从第一段Ther

21、eare manyadvantages for the social science major”可知，灵活和好的交际技巧在“信息社会 中”是十分重要的， 所以学习社会科学的毕业生比学习计算机的毕业生可能更容 易找到工作。2.Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates.A. are ready to change when situations changeB. are better able to deal with difficultiesC. are equally good at compute

22、r skillsD. are likely to give others pressure答案: A指导：这是一道细节推断题。根据第二段中“Studies show that social sciencemaiors are”可判断出与其他专业的毕业生相比，社会科学的毕业生在形势改变时，他们更乐意改变。3. The underlined word land in the last paragraph probably means_A. keep for some timeB. successfully getC. immediately startD. lose regretfully答案:

23、B指导：这是一道猜义题。根据land后的宾语the first job可判断 出它的意思是“成功地获得” 。4. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to findjobs?A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs.B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge.C. Skills in expressing themselves.D. Part-time work experience. Passage答案: C指导

24、：这是一道细节推断题。根据第三段中Thestudy also showed that”可得出结论，社会科学毕业生的善于表现自己的技巧使他们容易找到 工作。*结束Passage 2Cultural differences in business entertaining include problems such as whom oneentertains and where, and how one entertains. In countries where status （地位） isimportant, it is not advisable to invite people of di

25、fferent statuses to the same dinnerparty. Americans will often invite people to their homes. However in some societies thehome is considered too private, unworthy, or too small to serve as a proper place forbusiness entertaining. In some countries there is ahelp your- self method ofentertaining done

26、 in the home. This methoddoes not work well when entertainingpeople whose culture teaches them to wait to be asked three times before acceptingan offer of food. In one instance, a Chinese guest went hungry all the evening withouteating though he was quite hungry because he was too shy to take food a

27、fter onlybeing asked to do so once. In another case, an American woman executive（负 责 人）was being entertained in London. After having the tea served, the American womanhelped herself to cream and sugar rather than waiting to be served. The Englishhostess was upset by the thought that she was not serv

28、ing quickly enough.As a general rule, asmall gift from your home country is OK. A giftthat is tied to the particular interest of the person is especially good. Gifts for childrenare also well received. Be careful that the hometown gift you are bringing to Sin-gapore was not made in Hong Kong. Becaus

29、e many gifts carry symbolic meanings, it isalwaysbest to seek the adviceof a cultural informant before selecting gifts. The giving of large gifts, or payments forspecial service, should only be carried out after talking with legal department in thehome and host culture.1. It is no good inviting peop

30、le of different social positions to the same party in thecountry where.A. people dont pay any attention to your positionsB. people care much about their statusesC. entertainment is importantD. entertainment is not advisable答案: B指导：第一段第二句话。“在那些很重视社会地位的国家，最好不要把 不同层次的人放到一起。 ”2._is especially proper.A.

31、A big giftB. Large payment as a giftC. A small gift from ones homeD. A gift from Singapore答案: C指导：最后一段第一句话。 “一般说来，从祖国带来的小礼物就非常合 适”。*厶士1=Passage 3If you have been joining in chat room conversations, or trading e-mail with web pals(网友), you have becomeone of the millions who write in a peculiarly shor

32、t form ofEnglish.And youve got a sense of humor about short forms like SOHF ( = sense of humorfailure) to describe Intemet newcomerswhodont understand you.Across the globe, every night teenagers and their elders are talking online, many ofthem all talking at the same time.Its fast: try talking to si

33、x people at once. Its brief: three Orfour words per exchange. It takes wit, concentration, and quick fingers.And it requires tremendous linguistic economy (语言省略). Theresneither time nor space for explanations. Why con- sume precious key-strokes (键盘主敲击) telling six friends you have to leave for a mom

34、ent to take care of your little brotherwhen BRB ( = be right back) will do? Want to entera conversation? Just typePMFJI (= pardon me forjumping in).Interested in whom you are talking to? Type A/S/I., thenearly universal request toknow your pals age, sex and loca- tion. You may get 15/M/NY as a respo

35、nse from yourpal.If something makes you laugh, say you are OTF (=on the floor), orLOL ( = laughing out loud), or combing the two into ROTFL (= rolling on the floorlaughing).And when it is time to get back to work or go to bed, you type GTG(=got to go) or TTYL (=talk to you later).People want to write as fast as