专题02 完形填空讲解析版

1、2016届高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲案】 专题2 完型填空 【构建知识体系】 考猜测生词扫清阅读障:来来:Z#xx#k.K来学。科考分析句子结构破解长难 考点3日积月累攻克固定搭配 完型填空 来源:考点4广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了解 考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境 考点6抓住主题句明了文章主旨 2014-2015年全国高考卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 名词动词 形容词 副词 连词 文体 文章大意 2014 9 4 4 3 议论文各年龄段的人对重复做的事情最终感到烦恼 2015 7 6 2 4 1 记叙文 作者周末带孩子去超市购物，为路上碰到的求助者买了许多所需要的东西 2014-2015年全国高考

2、卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 名词 动词 动词 短语 形容词 形容词 短语 副词连词 介词 短语文体 文章大意 2014 3 6 2 3 5 1 记叙文 两个朋友成功登山后，在返回途中Joe不行摔断腿，进过一番救助挣扎后，Simon不得不割断绳子舍弃Joe，但三天后奇迹般地生还并回到营地。 2015 6 6 1 2 1 3 1 夹叙夹 议通过观看女儿所在球队的比赛，作者意识到，学习固然重要，亲身经历和时间更重 要，对人生更有意义。 【考纲解读】 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 250词的在一篇200短文中留出15个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足后的短文意思通顺、 贯、结构

3、完整。前后连既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能分，（30力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高是考生最容易区分度强，45%占整个卷面总分的）、 ”“拉开距离的一项测试。 言的能力， 【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向 2015全国卷 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over

4、the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ _41_ my job. Family to Feed.” 来源:. At this store, a _42_ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a _43_ on how bad it must be to have to stand _44_ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my

5、kids to _45_ something they thought our “friend” there would _46_. I _47_. a him giving suggested 17-year-old my Then juice. of bottle a and sandwich a apples, got They thought about it. We were _48_ on cash ourselves, but well, sometimes _49_ from our need instead of our abundance is _50_ what we n

6、eed to do! All the kids _51_ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of _52_, he lit up and thanked us with _53_ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for _54_his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful _55_ for our

7、 family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can _56_! Things would have played out so _57_ if I had simply said, “No, we really dont have _58_ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in _59_, it also gave my kids the _60_ taste of helping others. Itll go a long way with

8、them. 41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished D. show 42. A condition C. sight B. place 43. A. suggestion C. decision B. ment D. call :来源 B. proudly C. by 44. A. outside D. angrily D. pick C. arrange 45. A. draw B. say 46. A. order B. supply D. discover C. appreciate C. hot meal D. gift card B. j

9、ob 47. A. dollar B. low 48. A. easy D. loose C. soft 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging C. still D. just B. even 50. A. yet B. shared D. expected 51. A. declared C. ignored C. food B. medicine 52. A . toys D. clothes B. watery C. curious D. sharp 53. A. sleepy 54. A. whoever B. whatever

10、D. whenever C. whichever C. message D. adventure 55. A. experience B. example 56. A. rely on D. help B. respect C. learn from C. differently 57. A. suddenly D. perfectly B. vividly C. patience B. power 58. A. time D. money 59. A. fear D. memory B. love C. need 60. A. strong D. simple B. sweet C. str

11、ange 【答案】41. A 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. A 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. A 56. D 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. B 49A 考查动词以及对语境的理解。恳求。D. begging花费；C. spending 节省；B. saving给予；vingA. gi 有的时候，给予是我们需要做些什么，而不是在于我们给予多少 。选A。 50D 考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. yet然而；B. even甚至；C. still任然；D. just刚刚。仅仅是我们需要做些什

12、么。选D。 【考点定位】记叙类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】本文是一篇记叙类的完形填空，难度中等偏易。考查侧重对文章的理解，少量考查语法结构，如54题。有难度的有48题、51题和60题，需要联系上下文进一步理解，才能做出正确的判断。考生做题时需要理解文章大意，特别注重语境的理解，前后句之间的联系，在语境中斟酌所选的答案。最后再将所选好的答案带到原文当中，将整个文章再读一遍，才能保证答案的准确性。 2015全国卷阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Where do you go when you want to le

13、arn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all41 places of learning. But it may well be that the learning you really want 42 somewhere else instead. I had the 43 of seeing this first hand on a 44 . My daughter plays on a recreational soccer team. They did well this season and so 45 a tourna

14、ment, which normally was only for more skilled club teams. This led to some 46 experiences on Saturday as they played against teams 47 trained. Through the first two games, her 48 did not get one serious shot on goal. As a parent, I 49 seeing my daughter playing her best, 50 still defeated. It seeme

15、d that something clicked with the 51 between Saturday and Sunday. When they 52 for their Sunday game, they were 53 different. They had begun to integrate (融合) the kinds of play and teamwork they had 54 the day before into their 55 . They played aggressively and 56 scored a goal. It 57 me that playin

16、g against the other team was a great 58 moment for all the girls on the team. I think it is a general principle. 59 is the best teacher. The lessons they learned may not be 60 what they would have gotten in school, but are certainly more personal and meaningful, because they had to work them out on

17、their own. 41. A. public B. traditional C. official D. special D. ends B. works C. lies 42. A. passes D. chance B. idea C. habit 43. A. dream D. square B. holiday C. weekend 44. A. trip D. watched C. organized B. entered 45. A. won D. practical B. strange 46. A. painful C. mon D. better B. poorly 47

18、. A. less C. newly D. team 48. A. fans C. class B. tutors D. missed B. hated C. avoided 49. A. imagined D. as B. or 50. A. if C. but D. viewers 51. A. girls B. parents C. coaches D. planned C. made up 52. A. dressed B. showed up D. pletely A. slightly B. hardly C. basically 53. D.read B. known 54. A

19、. seen C. heard D. rules A. styles C. game B. training 55. D. again C. seldom 56. A. even B. still D. warned C. reminded 57. A. confused B. struck D. learning 58. C. encouraging A. touching B. thinking D. Interest C. Curiosity 59. A. Experience B. Independence D. applied to C. different from B. mixe

20、d with A. harmful to 60. 【答案】41. B 42. C 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. C 51. A 52. B 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. A 60. C 43. D考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. dream梦想；B. idea想法；C. habit习惯；D. chance机会。根据下文的故事可知，我女儿的经历让我有 。D会看到了这样的学习。故选机 56. A考查副词以及对语境的理解。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. seldom很少；D.

21、 again又。她们和前一场比，打得有闯劲，甚至还得了一分。故选A。 57. B考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. confused使困惑；B. struck击打；C. reminded提醒； D. warned警告。 。B是固定句式，意思是让某人突然想到，符合语境。故选It strike sb.58. D考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. touching接触；B. thinking思考；C. encouraging鼓励；D. learning学 习。和另一个队比赛也是一个很好的学习的机会。和文章的开头相呼应。故选B。 59. A考查名词以及对语境的理解。A. Experience经历；B. Ind

22、ependence独立；C. Curiosity好奇；D. Interest兴趣。结合全文的意思可知，经历是最好的老师。故选A。 60. C考查动词以及对语境的理解。A. harmful to对有伤害；B. mixed with混合；C. different from不同；D. applied to应用于。亲身体验得到的东西和在学校里学到的可能不同，但是更有个性有意义。故选C。 【考点定位】教育类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的短文。这样的短文是大多数考生难以把握的。不过，这样的文章通常在开头和结尾处点睛，评论。中间叙事。以第三人称的形式转述，一定会有个人的观点包括在内。所以考生要

23、认真分析是什么事引发了怎样的思考或评论，即事件和议论是两条线。另外平时多做多分析一些这类 题会有很大的帮助。 【高考预测】 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2016年全国高考试题还会 文章基本控制在45段，200250个词，且趋于稳定。 文体以记叙文、议论文、夹叙夹议为主，话题多样，但均贴近生活。对于记叙文，要按照记叙文的6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络，还要重视其背后的情感线索。 文章结构大致相同，都是以“总分”或“总分总”结构为主，第一段是主旨段，提出话题，之后的几个段落展开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总分”或“总分总”结构，段落开头点明该段的大意，然后再展开详细阐述，必要时再做一简单

24、总结。 【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点 猜测生词扫清阅读障碍考点一【例1】We all know that some things are obviously right. For example，it is right to be _1_ to other people.It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_ wrong，too. For instance，we should not hurt or bully others，nor should we litter. Rules often t

25、ell us what is right or wrong. ) (2012广东 1A.kind B.sensitive D.generous C.fair 2A.equally B.slightly D.increasingly C.clearly 【答案】1.A 2.C 【解析】第二个空格后的bully，litter可能对很大一部分同学来说较陌生，但它对解题没有影响。第1题考题考查语境逻辑，由后2符合语境。第kind和空格形成对比，只有hurt查词汇的反义重现现象。下文中的面的for instance，we should not.，nor should.等字眼可以确定这些类似的事情都是很明

26、显的错误。故答案为C项。for instance后内容是解释前边一句话的，因此我们只需要知道bully和litter是贬义词即可。 规律方法1： 如何猜测生词扫清阅读障碍？ 在完形填空中遇到生词是常见的现象，但这却影响了考生对文章的理解判断，并无形中增加了考生的心理压力，对正常发挥不利。一般说来，完形中的生词不会出现在选项中。对于那些不影响文章理解的生词，我们不必去深究，通过上下文了解其大概意义即可，有时可以忽略；而对于比较重要的和解题有关的生词，要注意构词法、上下句语义、语法逻辑或根据中心思想推敲句子间的逻辑等来把握词义。 【变式精练】When we pleted the SEVEN-hou

27、r trip to Toronto later that day, the reunion was absolutely 46 and I can sincerely say I enjoyed every single minute of that 47 journey. （吉林省东北师范大学附属中学 2016届高三上学期第三次模拟考试） 46. A. hard B. wonderful C. timely D. surprising 47. A. frequent B. final C. tough D. long 【答案】46. B 47. D 【解析】 考点二 分析句子结构破解长难句

28、【例2】_41_ Id left myself plenty of time，soon it was _42_ I was going to be late，as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the _43_direction. (2012安徽) DOnce BSince CUnless 41A. Although BA.strange 42 necessary Dimportant Cobvious Bright A.same 43 opposite D Cgeneral C 43. D A 42. 41. 【答案

29、】 【解析】原题是一个复杂句。第一个逗前后是两个主谓结构，故第41题应填入一个连词，分析前后句之间的语意可知两者之间为让步关系，故用although。先由mistakenly boarded a bus可知是坐错了车，从而走错了方向，所以43题是opposite，所以很明显要迟到了，所以第42题应填obvious。 规律方法2：如何分析句子结构破解长难句? 1找出谓语动词 找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。有时态的动词通常是谓语。然后，顺着谓语动词往前找，如果有引导词存在，说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句，再根据引导词前的单词判定该从句的类型。如果没有引导词存在，那说明这是主句的谓语动词，

30、那它的前面就是主语，后面就应该是宾语或表语。 2寻找并列连词 常见的并列连词有and，but，yet，or，so，for，not only.but also.看到这些单词，一般就有并列结构存在，并且很可能存在着省略问题。 3寻找引导词 找到引导词就找到了从句，再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。 4寻找名词 一般的长句子中，名词后只要不是谓语动词，一般都有修饰限定成分，即定语或同位语。也就是说，我们只要能寻找到名词，其后的句子成分就确定是修饰或解释前面的名词的。 【变式精练】More lives would have been _50_had it not been for a group

31、of brave young men who urged the crowd to _51_. （吉林省东北师范大学附属中学净月校区2016届高三上学期第二次模拟） 50. A. plained B. removed C. lost D. passed D. calm down B. stand up C. put away 51. A. run away 【答案】50. C 51. D（修）和who引导的定语从句【解析】原题所在句子含有省略if的虚拟语气（had it not been= if it had not been 饰前面的先行词）a group of brave young me

32、n通过。句意：要不是一群勇敢D. passedC. lost丢失；50.C考查动词。A. plained抱怨；B. removed移动； C. 的年轻人指挥人们保持镇静，还会有更多的人失去生命。此处指失去生命，故选镇静。句意：要放好；D. calm down51.D考查动词短语。A. run away跑走；B. stand up站立；C. put awayD. 不是一群勇敢的年轻人指挥人们保持镇静，还会有更多的人失去生命。根据句意选 日积月累攻克固定搭配考点三 _from Ismails.And no one was bothered that Ismail was a 40【例3】At th

33、at time my family lived a stones_ we just_41_(accepted) our differences. Malay Muslim and I was an Indian Hindu ) 福建 (2012 40A.drop Bthrow C move Droll 【答案】40.B 【解析】“那时我家距离Ismail的家只有一步之遥”。a stones throw是固定短语，意为“一步之遥，近在咫尺”。 规律方法3：如何日积月累攻克固定搭配？ 这类题与语法结构题有点类似，但主要侧重惯用搭配，讲究词与词的搭配，涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。

34、我们需要熟练掌握考试大纲中所列举的短语、习语的本义和引申义，并 尽可能多地积累这方面的知识，以提高自己的知识水平和应试能力，培养根据语境准确使用短语和习语的能力。所以，平时要多积累固定搭配是解决此类题的有效方法。 【变式精练】When we got to the car, I turned to my father and said, “Dad, I want to 38 people feel like that.” （ 宁夏回族自治区银川一中2016届高三上学期第五次月考） 38Aget Bhope Cmake Dcheer 【答案】38. C 【解析】 考点四 广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了

35、解 【例4】Northern Europeans usually do not like having _43_ contact(接触) even with friends，certainly not with _44_.People from Latin American countries，_45_(on_the_other_hand)，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore， its possible that in _46_(conversation)，it may look like a Latino is _47_ a Norwegian al

36、l over the room. (2012大纲全国) Bverbal Cbodily Dtelephone 43Aeye 44Astrangers D enemies Brelatives Cneighbours B Dfollowing helping Cguiding 47Adisturbing 【答案】43.C 44.A 47.D 【解析】做这三个题就需要对西方文化有一定的了解，还要注意和东方文化的差别。第43题所在句子句意为：北欧人通常不喜欢身体的接触，即使是朋友，当然更不用说陌生人。此处eye“眼睛，眼神”；verbal言辞的；bodily身体的；telephone电话。C符合题意

37、。第44空用strangers“陌生人”。在对话过程中，拉丁人 跟在挪威人后满屋子转是可能的。第47空follow意为：跟着走。 规律方法4：如何广泛阅读加深对西方文化的了解？ 跨文化思考意识是中学英语新课程标准中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性

38、错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。 go out of the building and to pull the door with You have to push the door with the word “PUSH” to 【变式精练】the word “PULL” to _24 (enter) the building.This was new to me，because we use the_25_door in South Korea. (2010广东) 25A.main Bsame Cfront Dback 【答案】25B 【解析】句意为：这对我

39、来说是新奇的，因为我们在韩国(进和出)都是使用同一扇门。same相同的。 考点五 瞻前顾后揣摩语境 【例5】But the phone didnt work，and when he tried to go down the outdoor stairway，he was _26_ by a wall of flames.Sibson realized he was trapped(困住) Sibsons house was three kilometers _27_ the main road and was so well hidden by trees that he knew calli

40、ng for help would be _28_. (2012四川) Dcovered Bstopped C 26A.burned shocked Boff along D Cacross 27A.beside Bfalse Dregretful Cfruitless 28A.limited 【答案】26.B 27.B 28.C 【解析】 当他正想通过那个室外楼梯出去的时候，却被一堵火墙给拦住(stopped)了，所以第26空选B项。根据前面“three kilometers”及后文“so well hidden by trees”可知他的房子应该是离开主干道有3公里。故第27题应用介词of

41、f。由于离开主干道3公里且被树遮蔽，因此呼救是没有结果的(fruitless)，故28题选C项。第27题是较为直接的语境题，考生只要认真阅读文章，做到“瞻前顾后”，就可以迅速得出答案。 规律方法5：如何瞻前顾后揣摩语境？ 利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此利用 褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，选语气与文章一致的选项。 【变式精练】Then 9 over, Paderewski reached down with his left hand and began fill