被动语态讲解和练习教学内容

1、被动语态讲解和练习 结构结构：bebe +动词的过去分词过去分词 意义：意义：强调强调主语主语是动作的是动作的承受者承受者 各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时时 态态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态1 一般现在时一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词过去分词2 一般过去时一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词过去分词3 一般将来时一般将来时will/be going to+动词原形动词原形will/be going to+be+过过去分词去分词4 过去将来时过去将来时would+动词原形动词原形would+be+过去分词过去

2、分词5 现在进行时现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分过去分词词6 过去进行时过去进行时was/were+现在分词现在分词was/were+being+过去分过去分词词7 现在完成时现在完成时have/has+过去分词过去分词have/has+been+过去分词过去分词8 过去完成时过去完成时had+过去分词过去分词had+been+过去分词过去分词9 含情态动词含情态动词情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+过去分词过去分词变化：变化：示例示例The boy broke the glass.The glass was bro

3、ken by the boy.从主动语态变为被动语态从主动语态变为被动语态1.1.主语主语 介词介词by+by+宾语宾语2.2.谓语谓语 加加be,be,并变为过去分词并变为过去分词3.3.宾语宾语 主语主语1.They make shoes in the factory.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them) in the factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：主语主语+am/is /are +过去分词过去分词2. They bought ten computers last term Ten computers were bought (by

4、 them) last term.一般过去时：主语一般过去时：主语+was/were +过去分词过去分词3.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾The room will be cleanedby Tom tomorrow.一般将来时：主语一般将来时：主语+will be+过去分词过去分词4.Some workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are being painted by some workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时： 主语主语+ am/is/are + being +过去分词过去分

5、词5I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时： 主语主语+ was/were+being+过去分词过去分词6We have made twenty more keysTwenty more keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词过去分词7Amy can take good care of Gina Gina can be taken g

6、ood care of by Amy.情态动词：情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词过去分词am/is/are +done (过去分词过去分词) 一般现在时一般现在时2) has /have been done 现在完成时现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations fo

7、r the task have been completedA new cinema is being built hereI was given ten minutes to decide.By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing. 6)was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被

8、动结构）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。过去分词。 A meeting was being held when I was there. Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter. 主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态

9、变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given a present for his birthday by his mother . 带双宾语的句子有两种改法带

10、双宾语的句子有两种改法: 一般情况下一般情况下把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语把指人的宾语作为被动句的主语.当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词当把直接宾语物作为主语时，要加介词to,forpass, show, send 此类动词有：此类动词有：buy如如：givebe given to 此类动词还有：此类动词还有：1. Please pass the book to Lily.The book is passed to Lily by you please.Lily is passed the book.2. He gave me a beautiful present.I was given

11、a beautiful present by him.A beautiful present was given to me .3) 当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have, make, get以及以及感官动词感官动词see, watch, notice, hea

12、r, feel, observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被动结构时，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 感官动词感官动词( (hear, see, watch, feel, notice等等) )和使役动词和使役动词( (let ,make have等等) )在主动语态中在主动语态中后接不带后接不带toto的动词不定式的动词不定式, ,但是改为被动语态时但是改为被动语态时, , 把把toto加在动词原形之前加在动词原形之前. .The

13、y made the boys work 12 hours a day.The boys were made to work 12 hours a day.We often see him go for a walk by the river.He is often seen to go for a walk by the river.使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had to do sthlet sb do sthsb be

14、 let to do sth感观动词see sb do sthsb be seen to do sthwatch sb do sthsb be watched to do sthhear sb do sthsb be heard to do sthnotice sb do sthsb be noticed to do sthgo注意注意当使用当使用see/hear/watch sb doing sthsee/hear/watch sb doing sth时，变为被动语态时，时，变为被动语态时， doingdoing保持不变。如：保持不变。如： I saw him going into the

15、shop.(主动) He was seen going into the shop.(被动) 5) 有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 The meeting is to be put off till FridaySpeak to be spoken toHand in be handed in汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人有人说说

16、”、“大家说大家说”等时。例如：等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.It + be + 过去分词过去分词+ that 从句从句It is said that 据说据说,It is reported that据报道，据报道，It is believed that大家相信，大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，众所周知，It is th

17、ought that大家认为，大家认为，It is suggested that据建议，据建议，一、系动词一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable. The food tastes delicious.二、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能二、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不

18、及物动词，如的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean,last(耐久耐久), wear(耐穿耐穿), 等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义. 如如:This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easily. 这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。三、形容词三、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：动形式表示被

19、动意义。如：1小说值得一读。小说值得一读。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.四、在动词四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。The trees need watering. Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

20、：五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义： 不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，如：动宾关系时，如：我有许多事情要做。我有许多事情要做。他有几项任务要完成。他有几项任务要完成。I have a lot of things to do.He has several tasks to complete.在在“系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式不定式”结构中，结构中，常见句型有：常见句型有： n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see.2) n. +be + adj. + enough

21、 + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy.3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer. Practice:1 Must I pay for it at once?_ it _ _ _ at once?2 We will build a new lab.A new lab _ _ _.3 They arent stopping the traffic now.The traffic _ _ _ now.4 How long have you kept the boo

22、k?How long _ the book _ _? Mustbeenpaidforwillbebuiltisntbeenstoppinghasbeenkept5 If your homework _(do) well,you may go to play.6 Mr.Green was seen _ (grow) trees.7 The blackboard was _ (look) carefully by the students.8 The ship model _ be _ (make)in two days.is doneto growlooked atwillmade课堂练习课堂练

23、习（一）改写句子（一）改写句子1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year.2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday.3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner.4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him.5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by yo

24、u tomorrow.6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.Trees are plantedThe letter was postedI was givenA picture is being drawnYour homework may be handed inA letter is going to be written7. I have given you the new book. _ to you.8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag.9. Do you often hear he

25、r sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you?10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her.11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year.12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?The new book has been givenShe cannot findIs s

26、he often heard to singHer son isnt let to swimThey were buildingIs the song often sung 1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2. The fifth generation computers, _an

27、d perfected now. A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed 3. - _ the sports meet might be put off - Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. complet

28、es C. has been completed D. is completed 5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 6. The new bridge _ by the end of last month. A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed

29、D. would be designed7. When part of a pencil is in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken DCBC8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. have ta

30、ken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up 9. That suit _ over 60 dollars. A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost 10. - Look! Everything here is under construction. - Whats the pretty small house that _ for? A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building 11.- Do you like the cloth? - Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt BDAC12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese A write B to w