托福阅读——词汇题学习教案

1、会计学1托福托福(tu f)阅读阅读词汇题词汇题第一页，共43页。Identify确认确认Modify修改修改Satisfy满意满意Simplify简化简化Consists of 由由 组组成成Combines 联合联合Restricts 限制限制(xinzh)Establishes 建立建立Restricted限制限制Endangered灭绝灭绝Prevented预防预防Rejected拒绝拒绝Enclosed附上附上(f shn)Permanent永久的永久的Motionless静止的静止的Intact完整的完整的Explained解释解释Visible可见的可见的Identified认出

2、认出Located处于处于(chy)Streams溪流溪流Cracks破裂破裂Storms暴风暴风Earthquakes地震地震sudden 突然突然 的的 unusual 不寻常的不寻常的 immediate 立即的立即的 extreme极其的极其的specific 特定的特定的 unlimited 无限的无限的 reasonable 合理的合理的 long长的长的第2页/共44页第二页，共43页。托福(tu f)题型分类：词汇(chu)题：The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to.In stating X, the author

3、means that第3页/共44页第三页，共43页。词汇(chu)题方法一生词的含义(hny)在从句和上下句中暗示We all know that ants are ferocious eaters. They differ widely in their diets and may be carnivorous, herbivorous, or omnivorous, meaning that some eat meat; others eat only plants while others eat a combination of both.第4页/共44页第四页，共43页。词汇(ch

4、u)题方法一生词的含义在从句(cn j)和上下句中暗示This includes poultry for the main course (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.第5页/共44页第五页，共43页。词汇(chu)题方法一生词的含义(hny)在从句和上下句中暗示This includes poultry for the main c

5、ourse (e.g. chicken, turkey, duck, goose), salads, breads, and vegetable, and features a variety of desserts, for example, pies, puddings, and ice cream.（）破折号逗号(duho)第6页/共44页第六页，共43页。The worlds heaviest flower is a parasite that flourishes among, and lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of

6、these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg). A. smelly B. hidden C. mature D. heavy第7页/共44页第七页，共43页。The worlds heaviest flower is a parasite that flourishes among, and lives off of, the roots of jungle vines. Each of these ponderous blooms can weigh up to 15 pounds(7kg). A. smelly B. hidde

7、n C. mature D. heavy第8页/共44页第八页，共43页。Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly took place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some h

8、ypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.3. The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning toA.specific B.unlimited C.reasonable D.long第9页/共44页第九页，共43页。Some of the proposed mechanisms required a very brief period during which all extinctions suddenly too

9、k place; other mechanisms would be more likely to have taken place more gradually, over an extended period, or at different times on different continents. Some hypotheses fail to account for simultaneous extinctions on land and in the seas.3. The word extended in the passage is closest in meaning to

10、A.specific B.unlimited C.reasonable D.long第10页/共44页第十页，共43页。Of the various hypotheses假设(jish) attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez. Accordi

11、ng to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estimated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable.8. The phrase account for in the passage is closest in meaning toA.describe B.challenge C.explain D.test第11页/共44页第十一页，共43页。Of the v

12、arious hypotheses假设(jish) attempting to account for the late Cretaceous extinctions, the one that has attracted the most attention in recent years is the asteroid-impact hypothesis first suggested by Luis and Walter Alvarez. According to this hypothesis, Earth collided with an asteroid with an estim

13、ated diameter of 10 kilometers, or with several asteroids, the combined mass of which was comparable.8. The phrase account for in the passage is closest in meaning toA.describe B.challenge C.explain D.test第12页/共44页第十二页，共43页。An asteroid of this size would be expected to leave an immense crater, even

14、if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock.11. The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning toA.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extreme第13页/共44页第十三页，共43页。An asteroid of this size would be expe

15、cted to leave an immense极大(j d)的 crater, even if the asteroid itself was disintegrated by the impact. The intense heat of the impact would produce heat-shocked quartz in many types of rock.11. The word intense in the passage is closest in meaning toA.sudden B.unusual C.immediate D.extreme第14页/共44页第十

16、四页，共43页。词汇(chu)题方法二并列，平行(pngxng)与排比or and also as well as 等第15页/共44页第十五页，共43页。She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.Q： The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning totook a trip tostarted out onimproved uponhad a opi

17、nion about第16页/共44页第十六页，共43页。She embarked on her career职业生涯 by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.Q： The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning totook a trip tostarted out onimproved uponhad a opinion about第17页/共44页第十七页，共43页。The subjects of

18、the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings.5The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations 第18页/共44页第十八页，共43页。The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings

19、 rest on bare walls, with no backdrops背景(bijng) or environmental trappings.5The word “trappings” in the passage is closest in meaning to Conditions Problems Influences Decorations 第19页/共44页第十九页，共43页。Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sedime

20、nts or in the openings widened through fractures and weathering.7. The word “fractures” in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms earthquakes第20页/共44页第二十页，共43页。Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openi

21、ngs widened through fractures and weathering.7. The word “fractures” in the passage is closest in meaning to streams cracks storms earthquakes第21页/共44页第二十一页，共43页。Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara deser

22、t.The word “exposed” in the passage is closest in meaning to explained visible identified located第22页/共44页第二十二页，共43页。Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.The word “exposed” in the passage is closes

23、t in meaning to explained visible identified located第23页/共44页第二十三页，共43页。词汇(chu)题方法三对比(dub)，转折But , yet , however, although, even though , instead Rather than, contrast 等第24页/共44页第二十四页，共43页。We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France

24、 show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. 1The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate 第25页/共44页第二十五页，共43页。We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the

25、 cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs of stone excavated in southern Africa. 1The word “marked” in the passage is closest in meaning to Considerable Surprising Limited Adequate 第26页/共44页第二十六页，共43页。Water does not remain i

26、mmobile in an aquifer but can seep out at springs or leak into other aquifers. The rate of movement may be very slow: in the Indus plain, the movement of saline (salty) groundwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped.10. The word “immobile” in the passage is closest in

27、meaning to enclosed permanent motionless intactW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第27页/共44页第二十七页，共43页。Water does not remain immobile in an aquifer but can seep out at springs or leak into other aquifers. The rate of movement may be very slow: in the Indus plain, the movement of saline (salty) grou

28、ndwaters has still not reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped.10. The word “immobile” in the passage is closest in meaning to enclosed permanent motionless intactW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第28页/共44页第二十八页，共43页。Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, acti

29、vists working for womens right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word representative is closest in meaning to which of following?typical satisfied supportive distinctiveW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第29页/共44页第二十九页，共43页。Most of these le

30、aders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for womens right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women. The word representative is closest in meaning to which of following?typical satisfied supportive distinctiveW I T H L O V E G E

31、N I U S H O M E 1第30页/共44页第三十页，共43页。In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word prized is closest in meaning to wh

32、ich of following?valueduniversaluncommonpreservedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第31页/共44页第三十一页，共43页。In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time a

33、nd are highly prized today.The word prized is closest in meaning to which of following?valueduniversaluncommonpreservedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第32页/共44页第三十二页，共43页。词汇(chu)题方法四动宾搭配(dpi)，形容词修饰搭配(dpi)第33页/共44页第三十三页，共43页。Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants,

34、the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salad, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb. The word inhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes W I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第34页/共44页第三十四页，共43页。Where the forest inhibits the growth of gras

35、s and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer on huckleberry, salad, dogwood水木, and almost any other shrub or herb. The word inhibits in the passage is closest in meaning to Consists of Combines Restricts Establishes W I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第35页/共44页第三十五页，共43页。The deserts, which alre

36、ady occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earth

37、s land surface is threatened by this process. 1. The word “threatened” in the passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejectedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第36页/共44页第三十六页，共43页。The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the Earths land surface, have in

38、 recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert-like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the Earths land surface is threatened by this process. 1. The word “threatened” in the passage is closest in meaning to restricted endangered prevented rejectedW I T H L O V E G E N I U S H O M E 1第37页/共44页第三十七页，共43页。Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot