口腔科英语常用对话

1、HOW TO PRACTICE MODERN DENTISTRYTHROUGH ENGLISH CONVERSATION牙科英语会话CONTENTS目录Part1. The First Appointment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 第一次预约Part2. Oral Prophylaxis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 口腔预防治疗Part3. Operativ

2、e Dentistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 牙科手术Part4. An Explanation of Dental Caries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 有关龋齿的解释Part5. Endodontic Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 牙根管治疗法

3、 Part6. Apicoectomy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 根尖切除术Part7. Extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49拔牙Part8. Post-operative Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63手术后的护理Part 9.

4、Fixed Bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68固定桥Part10. Periodontal Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73牙周的治疗Part11. Hypersensitive Teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 牙齿过敏Pa

5、rt12. Malocclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90 咬合不正Part13. Orthodontic Treatment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 正畸Part14. Dentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 活动义齿（假牙）Par

6、t15. New Dentures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 新义齿Part 16. Dental Implants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 牙齿种植Part 1The First Appointment第一章 第一次预约D-Doctor, H-Hygienist, P-PatientD-医生，H-医生助理，P-病人 H:Good morning, Doc

7、tor Smith. 早安，史密斯医生。D:Good morning, Miss Jones. Please come in. I see that you brought some new nurses uniforms with you. They're very attractive. Where did you buy them?早安，琼斯小姐。请进。我看见你带着新的护士服装。这些服装很好看。哪里买的？ H:I bought them at Isetans at a bargain sale. They were very inexpensive. What would you

8、 like me to do first?是在伊势丹买来的廉价品。非常便宜。 我先干什麽好啊？D:You can begin by checking the treatment rooms. Be sure that theyre neat and clean. Then, you can prepare room number two for the first patient.你先检查一下治疗室。 可要做到整齐，干净。然后把二号房准备好，用来接待第一个病人。H:The first patient is expected at nine-thirty.第一个病人预计九点半到。D:When s

9、he arrives, write her name, address and telephone number in the record book. Be sure to ask her how she was referred to my office.她来了就在登记簿上写下她的姓名，地址和电话号码。一定要问她是谁介绍到我们这边的。H:Theres a patient in the waiting room, doctor.医生，在候诊室有一个病人。D:Get the necessary information for our records from her. Then ask her

10、 to be seated. After I examine he Ill probably ask you to give her an oral prophylaxis (clean her teeth, col.)先把要登记的项目先登记下来。 然后请她坐下。我检查了她以后，可能会叫你给她进行口腔预防治疗。P:Good morning, Im Mrs. Williamson. I have an appointment with Doctor Smith.早安，我是韦廉森夫人。我已经和史密斯医生预约好的。H:Good morning, The Doctor will see you soo

11、n. My name is Miss Jones.早安。 医生回头就见你。我是琼斯小姐。P:How long will I have to wait?要等多长时间？H:The Doctor will see you in 10 minutes.医生过十分钟就可以看病。P:What time is it now?现在几点了？H:Its twenty minutes past nine. Would you like to sit down?九点二十分。请坐下吧。P:Thank you.谢谢。D:I m ready, Miss Jones. Would you please seat the pa

12、tient? Ill examine her and tell you if she needs an oral prophylaxis.琼斯小姐，我准备好了。 你请病人坐下。我先给她做个检查， 然后告诉你要不要进行口腔预防治疗。D:Good morning, Mrs. Williamson, Im Doctor Smith. I understand that Mr. Hughes recommended me. Hes been a patient of mine for a long time早安，威廉森太太。 我是史密斯医生。我知道是休斯先生介绍你来的。他是我这边的熟客。P:Ive j

13、ust moved to Tokyo and I expect to live here for five or six years. I havent seen a dentist for a long time. I thought it would be a good idea to have an examination (check-up, col.). I know that my teeth should be cleaned.我刚刚搬来东京，打算在这里住上五年或者六年。我想把牙齿检查一番还是好的。我想我的牙齿该洗一洗了。D:Id like to ask you some que

14、stions about your health and medical history. Have you ever been treated for a heart condition, or for a prolonged illness such as diabetes, liver disease or kidney disease?我想要问一问你的健康情况和病历。你有没有因为心脏情况接受过治疗？或者因为糖尿病， 肝病和肾脏病这些慢性疾病而接受过治疗？P:No, I havent.没有。D:Have you ever had rheumatic+ fever? If you have

15、, please give me the details. It may be necessary to have a consultation with your physician before beginning dental treatment.你患过风湿病吗？要是有的话，请把详细情况告诉我。 在进行牙科治疗之前有必要去看一看内科医生。P:Is that necessary, Doctor?有必要吗？D:If theres a history of rheumatic fever it may be necessary for me to prescribe an antibiotic

16、 before and after dental treatment.假如有德过风湿热的历史，在进行牙科治疗前后，我必要给你开抗生素。P:I didnt know that, Doctor.这我可不知道。D:Bacteria can enter the bloodstream during certain dental procedures and cause serious complications.在做某些牙科治疗过程中，细菌可能会进入人血液里而引起严重的并发症。P:Why do you prescribe an antibiotic?为什麽你要开抗生素？D:The reason for

17、 giving an antibiotic to a patient with a history of rheumatic fever is to prevent a heart infection.给得过风湿的病人开抗生素是为了防止心脏感染。P:I understand now, Doctor.我明白了D:Have you ever been treated for a blood disorder such as anemia? Have you ever had prolonged bleeding from an injury or a tooth extraction?针对一些血液

18、疾病如贫血，你进行过治疗吗？你有没有因为受伤或拔牙而长期出血吗？P:Not that I can remember.记不清了。D:Have you ever had a complication after dental treatment? Have you ever had a bad reaction from a dental anesthetic (dental injection)?你有没有牙科治疗以后得并发症吗？你有麻醉反应吗？P:No, Doctor.没有。D:Do you have any allergies? Are you allergic to penicillin?你

19、有什么过敏反应吗？你对青霉素过敏吗？P:No, I am not allergic to penicillin.我对青霉素不过敏。D:Are you under a doctors care? Are you taking medication? When was the last time that you consulted with a physician? Why did you see him?你现在还看医生吗？你在吃药吗？你最近一次看医生是在什么时候？是因为什么病看的医生？P:No, I am not under a doctors care. I just visited a p

20、hysician when I caught a cold about 3 months ago.不，我现在没有看医生。我只是在3个月以前因为感冒去看过医生。D:Miss Jones, please hand me a mouth mirror and explorer.琼斯小姐，请你把口镜和探针拿来。H:Yes, Doctor.好。D:May I examine you now, Mrs. Williamson?威廉森太太，我现在给你检查，好吗？P:Certainly.好啊。D:Good. Could you open your mouth a little wider, please? T

21、urn your head toward me a little bit. Thank you. I dont see any carious teeth (cavities col.).好。请你把嘴巴再张开一些，把你的头向前伸过来一点点。没有发现什么龋齿。P:Good.太好了。D:However, well take X-rays this morning. Ill ask Miss Jones to clean your teeth. Theres much calculus (tartar) on your teeth and you should have it removed.可是，

22、今天早上还要拍X光。稍后请琼斯小姐为你洗牙。你牙齿有不少牙垢，需要清除掉。P:Please do as much as you can for me today. Im not busy this morning.今天你就尽量做吧。我今天上午不忙。D:Youll need two appointments for your cleaning. Ill review the X-rays and decide upon a treatment plan for your next appointment.洗牙需要预约做两次。我要看一下X光的结果，然后决定你下一次预约时的治疗计划。H:How mu

23、ch time should I take to do the oral prophylaxis, Doctor?医生，进行口腔预防治疗需要多长时间？D:We give 30 minutes appointments for oral prophylaxis, Miss Jones. It might take two or more appointments to complete this first part of the treatment.琼斯小姐，口腔预防治疗需预约30分钟。第一部分可能需要2次以上预约。H:I understand, Doctor.我明白了。D:Most dent

24、al diseases can be prevented. I believe that helping a patient to prevent dental diseases is just as important as treating dental disease after it occurs.大多数牙病是可以预防的。我认为帮助病人预防牙病和治疗牙病同样重要。P:What about the cleaning appointments, Doctor?医生，如何洗牙？D:During your cleaning appointments youll be taught how to

25、 use your toothbrush and dental floss effectively, as a daily routine.在洗牙时，我们会教你在平时该如何有效地使用牙刷和牙线。P:What purpose is this?做这个目的是什么？D:The purpose of your daily home care is to prevent dental caries (tooth decay, col.) and gum disease. Without good home care my treatment could fail, because of gum probl

26、ems or recurring tooth decay. Miss Jones will apply a topical fluoride to your teeth to help prevent new cavities.每天在家对牙齿所做的护理，目的是要防止龋齿和牙龈疾病。没有良好的日常护理，我的治疗就会失效，因为牙龈会出问题或牙齿又发生龋坏。琼斯小姐会给你的牙齿局部涂氟，防止再长龋齿。P:Thats fine, doctor.好极了。D:Finally, I want to make follow-up (recall) appointments with you every 6 m

27、onths for an examination and X-rays. Also, to clean your teeth as often as it is needed. Please begin to clean the patients teeth, Miss Jones.最后， 我想和你订出每6个月进行一次定期检查预约，进行检查和拍X光。此外，根据需要经常洗牙。琼斯小姐，你给病人先洗牙吧。H:Yes, Doctor.好的。D:Show the patient how to “brush” and use dental floss properly. Ill see you late

28、r, Mrs. Williamson.你教病人如何正确使用牙刷和牙线。威廉森太太，我稍后再见你。Useful Sentences1.Prepare room number two for the first patient.2.Im expecting a new patient.3.Ill examine your teeth.4.Ill see you in few minutes.5.Whats you name?6. Where do you live? Whats your address?7. Please write your phone number on the record

29、 card.8. Would you please fill out this record card?9. Who referred you to my office?10Are you employed? What kind of work do you do?11How long will you live in Shanghai?12Can you wait for a while?13The doctor is with a patient.14Do you have an appointment?15My hygienist will give you an appointment

30、.16Ill have to reschedule (cancel, col.) your appointment.17The Doctor can see you now.18Would you like to sit down?19The Doctor isnt here today.20The Doctor is out of lunch.21I want to ask you about your medical history.22Have you ever had a serious illness?23Did you ever have complications from de

31、ntal treatment?Part 2第二章Oral Prophylaxis口腔预防治疗H:What kind of toothbrush do you use, Mrs. Williamson?威廉森太太，你用什么样的牙刷？P:I use a soft brush. I dont remember the brand name.我用的是软牙刷。我记不得身摸牌子的。H:Heres a sample toothbrush that you may keep. Please take it and show me how you “brush”.这是牙刷样品，你可以用。请拿着，做给我看你是怎样

32、刷牙的？P:Thank you. This is how I “brush”.谢谢，我是这样刷的。H:Thats pretty good, but your not cleaning some of the teeth well enough. Ill put a stain (disclosing agent) on your teeth to show you where your toothbrush has missed. 很好，可是有些牙齿你并没有刷得很好。我在你的牙齿上涂上着色剂，让你看一看有什莫地方牙刷没有刷到。P:Its all right行吗？H:Dont worry, th

33、e stain will come off easily. If you look in this small hand mirror, you can see the red stains on your teeth. The soft red stain is bacterial plaque. Do you see how easily it comes off?用不着担心，着色剂会很容易掉的。你要是看一看这一小手镜你就看得到你牙齿上的红色的染色。这种暗红色的染色是菌斑。 你看到他很容易退掉吗？P:I see.看见了。H:The other stain is hard. It has t

34、o be scraped away with a scaler. The hard, rough stains are calculus. You can remove the plaque with a toothbrush and dental floss, but you cant remove the calculus. Ill have to do that for you.其他染色的部分硬 的，要用刮除器把他刮掉。 又粗又硬的着了色的地方就是齿石。你可日用牙刷和牙线将斑点擦掉， 但是却弄不掉齿石/。 我作给你看。 P:Thats very interesting. Im so ha

35、ppy that you showed this to me. I thought that I clean my teeth very thoroughly. I guess I was wrong.真有意思 。我很高兴你给我做了示范。H:Do you use dental floss?你用牙先吗？P:Yes, but not everyday.用， 但是不是每天都用。 H:You must use floss everyday. You cant clean the bacteria from the spaces between the teeth with a toothbrush.

36、Ill show you how to use it. Hold this hand mirror and watch me.你应该每天都用牙线。用牙刷是刷不掉牙逢里的细菌的。 我做给你看怎麽 用的。拿 着这把手镜，瞧着。 P:Thank you, Miss Jones. Ill try to do it better.谢谢，穷斯小姐。 我要试看怎样作的好些。 H:Good. Ill begin to scale your teeth now. Before you leave, Ill polish your teeth and remove the rest of the stain.好，

37、我现在开始给你刮牙。 再你离开以前， 再你离开以前我要把你的牙齿磨一磨， 并把留下来的着色剂磨掉。 D:How much have you done, Miss Jones?琼斯小姐，干到哪了？H:Oh, hello Doctor. Ive almost finished scaling the lower teeth. It took me a long time to clean them. Would you like to see what Ive done?奥， 医生。 我快刮完下一排牙齿了。挂了好长时间。 看看刮的怎摸样了？D:Yes, please. That looks fin

38、e, Miss Jones, but theres still a little bit of calculus on the proximal surface of this tooth.好。 琼司小姐， 看来刮的很好， 不过在这双牙齿临接面上还留有一点点齿石。H:I see, Doctor.是的。 D:Ill show you how to remove it. Use a Towner U-15 scaler here. Be sure to reach under the particle of calculus and scrape upward.我做给你看怎样把它刮掉。 用着一把

39、“汤纳u 15 ”刮锄器。 一定要刮到齿石粒的下面， 然后往上刮。 H: What if the tooth is loose?要是牙齿松动怎摸办？D:If the tooth is loose, you should hold it steady with a piece of gauze in your left hand. Did you review the patients home care technique?要是牙齿松动， 你可以在左手里裹着纱布把牙齿固定住。 你了解了病人在家里是怎样保护牙齿的吗？H:Yes, I did. At the next appointment Il

40、l stain the teeth again. Then, Ill repeat the instructions if its necessary了解了。 在下次预约治疗时，我在给他的牙齿上着色剂。 然后如需要的话， 我再教他一次。 .D:Usually, it will take two or more instruction periods to teach effective home care. 教人如何在家保护牙齿通常要教两次或更多一些。P:Doctor, should I do anything for my next appointment?医生，关于下次预约治疗我应该做些什

41、莫？D:Yes, Mrs. Williamson. Id like you to keep a record of everything that you eat for a week. Bring it with you on your next appointment. Ill analyze your food list, and make recommendations to improve your eating habits. It will help you to prevent tooth decay and gum diseases.威廉森太太， 请你把你一星期内吃的东西都记

42、录下来。 在下次预约时把记录带来。 到时我来分析分析你的食物表， 对改进你的饮食习惯提出建议。 这样可以帮住你防止蛀牙和防止齿龈炎发生疾病。 P:Thank you, Doctor.谢谢你， 医生。 Useful Sentences1.What brand of toothbrush do you use?2.How do you brush your teeth?3.Would you describe your daily home care, please?4.The disclosing tablet will show me the bacterial plaque.5.Hold t

43、he hand mirror and watch me.6.Show me how you use dental floss, please.7.I'll scale and polish the teeth to remove the calculus and stains.8.How often do you have your teeth cleaned?9.I'll polish the teeth to make them smooth.10When was the last time you had your teeth cleaned?11Do you have

44、a normal eating diet?12Bacteria is the most important cause of tooth decay, gum diseases, and calculus formation.Part 3第三章Operative Dentistry牙科手术D:Good morning Mrs. Hall. If none of your teeth are bothering you, Ill restore (put a filling in, col.) the tooth with the largest cavity. This is the toot

45、h that Ill treat today. It would be best to use a silver amalgam restoration (filling, col.) here. The cavity is deep so we'd better use a local anesthetic. Is that OK with you?霍尔太太，早安。 假如你的牙齿不让你难受的话， 那莫 我就把蛀的最厉害的牙补一补。 我今天先补这双牙。 最好的办法就是用银汞补上。蛀牙的洞太深了， 还是做局部麻醉好。 你看这样好不好？P:Yes, go ahead, if you thi

46、nk that an anesthetic (novocaine, col,) is necessary. I don't like to have an anesthetic for small cavities. The sound and vibration of the handpiece (drill, col.) bother me. What can you do about my chipped front tooth? 好，要是你认为需要麻醉的话， 就做麻醉吧。 蛀牙的洞小我就不想做麻醉了。 钻牙器的声音和震动使我感到难受。 我缺了一块的前齿该怎摸办？D:That t

47、ooth needs a porcelain jacket or a ceramic veneer crown. I can't put in another silicate (synthetic porcelain) or plastic restoration because it wouldn't be strong enough. When a part of the biting edge of a tooth is lost, a stronger restoration is usually needed.需要作成瓷牙冠套或烤瓷冠套。 不能用矽酸盐或塑胶补， 因

48、为这样作不到结实。 当牙齿咬合处缺了一块通常需要用好的料子补上。 P:What type of restoration do you use，Doctor?医生，哪莫要用什莫药 补上。D:Either a gold inlay or a crown. A crown would look much better. I don't think that you'd like to have gold showing from a front tooth. We can start now. It shouldn't hurt. Please tell me if it i

49、sn't anesthetized (numb，col.). The decay was very close to the pulp.镶上金牙或者镶上齿冠。 镶上齿冠会好看一些。我想你是不会喜欢在前牙上镶金的。我们现在开始吧。 不会痛的。 要是没有麻醉好请告诉我。蛀牙的地方离牙髓很近。P:What will you do for that?怎么做呢？D:I'll put a special covering over the deepest part of the cavity to protect the pulp. It has calcium hydroxide in

50、it. It will help to protect the pulp from injury. When a cavity is as deep as this one is, there's a chance that the pulp will die at some time in the future. 我要在蛀牙洞最深的地方特别塞上东西保护住牙髓， 这东西里面有氢氧化钙， 它可以保护牙髓而不受损害。 象这棵牙的蛀洞那莫深， 很有可能在将来什莫时候牙髓是会坏死的。P:What is the chance of the pulp dying，Doctor?医生，牙髓坏死是常见

51、的死吗？D:You can't be 100% sure in these cases，but I'm very confident (sure) that everything will be OK. When the pulp of a tooth dies as a result of a deep cavity, the tooth will become infected.你的情况不一定百分之百是牙髓坏死， 我有信心一切会弄好的。 当蛀牙的洞太深， 使得牙髓坏死， 牙齿就会受到感染。P:What happens when a tooth is infected?牙齿受

52、到感染将会怎样？D:A toothache or swelling will eventually develop in a tooth that's infected. A tooth might become infected many weeks or months after the decay has been removed.牙齿受感染的结果会引起压痛和牙龈发肿。蛀掉的地方磨掉之后过了几个星期或过了几各月还是会感染的。P:Would there be any pain?会不会疼呢？D:There might not be any pain if the infection

53、is mild or if it finds a way to drain (if a fistula develops). If the infection doesnt put pressure on a nerve there wont be any pain.假如感染轻微的话， 或者找到引流的通道的话， 就不会疼。 假如感染不压迫神经的话就不会感到痛。P:Sometimes my tooth is sensitive to cold.我的牙齿有时对冷有反映。D:I'll put a lining under the amalgam to insulate the tooth a

54、gainst sensitivity to cold. As you know, large fillings are sometimes sensitive to cold because metal is a good conductor of temperature changes. The tooth may be sensitive to hot and cold foods for a while in spite of the insulation. Don't worry, the sensitivity will disappear in a week or two.

55、 Close your teeth gently. Does the filling feel high?那麽， 我在银汞下面垫上东西， 使 的牙齿决不会对冷有反映。 你是知道的， 填补进去的东西要是很大的话， 那麽， 有时对冷是有反映的， 因为金属是良导体， 对于温度的变化是敏感的。 竟管有了绝缘物， 吃冷热的东西时可能在短暂时间内会有反应的。不用担心， 在一，两周内这种反应是会消失的。 把你的牙齿轻轻地要紧。 补的东西感到高不高？P:It feels fine.感到合适。 D:Now tap your teeth together and slide your jaw from side to side. Good. That's it. The filling is finished.现在把你的牙齿轻轻地咬在一起， 然后把颌往两侧移动。 好。 就是这样， 补好了。P:Thank you, Doctor.谢谢你，医生。D:Don't chew on that side of your mouth for at least 8 hours. That will give the filling a chance to harden. I'll polish it during your next appointment