初中语法专题讲解及练习---副词(有答案)

1、学习内容副词和形容词都是起修饰作用的词类。副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词和副词，有时修饰全句，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。二、基本分类时间副词：today 今天， yesterday 昨天， now 现在， soon 很快， already 已经地点副词： here 在这里，there 在那里，in 在家， out 在外， home 家副 词 程度副词：almost 几乎， enough 足够， very 很， much 很， nearly 几乎方式副词：slowly 慢慢地， fast 快快地 ， carefully 仔细地，badly 糟糕地， well 好频度副词： often 经常

2、， always 总是， usually 通常， sometimes 有时， never 从不，seldom 很少疑问副词： when 何时， where 何地， why 为什么，how，怎么样关系副词：when，where，why-用来引导定语从句其它副词：also 也,either 也,only 仅仅，perhaps可能三、副词用法详解1 、构成1 ) 本身即为副词的词：如now, very, there, how, too2 ) 由 形容词 +ly 构成的副词：如：slow slowly， clear clearl， y happy happily ，easy easily3 ) 有些形

3、容词和副词同形：如hard， early， late， high， wide， well 等This kind of wood is hard. 这种木材硬。He studies hard.他努力学习。He looks well. 看起来他身体不错。He works well. 他工作得很好。4 ) 一些形容词本身即可作副词，表示具体的概念；而加ly 之后也为副词，表示抽象如： The students often work deep into the night. 那些学生经常学习到深夜。We were deeply moved by the movie. 我们被这部电影深深地打动了。22

4、/ 13 close与closely close 意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地”。例如： He is sitting close to me. 他就坐在我边上。Watch him closely. 盯着他。 late 与 lately late 意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近”。例如： You have come too late. 你来得太晚了。What have you been doing lately? 近来好吗？ deep与 deeply deep意思是 “深”， 表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度， “深”例如： He pushed the

5、 stick deep into the mud. 他把棍子深深插进泥里。Even father was deeply moved by the film. 老爸也被电影深深打动了。 high 与 highly high 表示空间高度；highly 表示程度，相当于much。例如： The plane was flying high. 这架飞机飞得很高。I think highly of your opinion. 你的看法很有道理。 wide与 widely wide 表示空间宽度；widely 意思是“广泛地”， “在许多地方”。例如： He opened the door wide. 他

6、把门开得大大的。English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界范围内广泛使用。 free 与 freely free 的意思是"免费 "； freely 的意思是“无限制地”。例如： You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.无论何时，我这饭铺免费对你开放。 hard 和 hardly hard 意思是“努力的；猛烈地”； hardly 是“几乎不”。例如： It is raining hard. 雨下的很大。He works hard. 他学习很努力。He can hard

7、ly speak Chinese.他几乎不会说汉语。2 、用法和位置1) 用法：副词在句中主要修饰动词、形容词作状语。如： She left the room quietly. 她悄悄地离开了房间。You are quite right. 你完全正确。【小试牛刀】1. We should speak to the old man(polite).答案： politely2. The Internet is very useful for us. We canfind information.A. easyB. easilyC. hardD. hardly答案： B2) 位置：灵活一般情况下，副

8、词作状语时，放在谓语动词之后。如果谓语动词后带有宾语，则放在宾语后面。如： He is jumping happily. The boy is doing his homework carefully.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句尾。若同时出现，通常是方式副词+地点副词 +时间副词。如： They live here.The boy runs quickly.I ll meet him at the station tomorrow.They did their experiments carefully in the lab yesterday.疑问副词: 放在特殊疑问句的句首。如

9、： When can you come? How many days are there in a month?频度副词：在be 动词、情态动词、助动词之后，行为动词之前。如： She is always kind to us.He often goes to school early.程度副词：修饰形容词副词，放在所修饰词前；修饰动词，同频度副词。如： That's quite early. He can hardly understand you. I really like the boy. 修饰全句的副词一般位于句首，用以修饰整个句子，表示说话人对话语的态度。1.形容词修饰复合

10、不定代词后置；2.enough 修饰形容词副词后置。如： Luckily, it was not so hot. enough 修饰形容词、副词时，要放在所修饰词之后。如： The room is big enough to hold fifty people.疑问副词词组用法典型例句how long多久，多长时间 ，提问时间段。常用 for+一段时间 和 since+时间点 回答。-How long have you been here?-For two weekshow soon多快， 多久以后 ， 对一个短暂性动作提问，用于一般将来时，常用 in+一段时间 回答。-How soon wi

11、ll you be back?- in two weeks .how often多长时间一次 ，对频度提问，常用 oncetwice, three times a week 回答。 , -How often do you go to see a movie?-Once a week.how far多远 ， 对距离提问。-How far is it from your home to your school?-About two kilometers.how old多大岁数 ， 对年龄提问。-How old are you?-Twelve years old.3 、高频考点：7 个 howhow

12、 much多少 ，对数量提问，后接不可数名词；多少钱 ，对价钱提问。-How much is the coat?- Twenty dollars.how many多少 ，对数量提问，后接可数名词复数。-How many dogs are there on your farm?-Twenty.【小试牛刀】1. will the new school be finished? In two years.A. How longB. How farC. How oftenD. How soon2. have you stayed in New York? For about two weeks.A.

13、How soonB. How oftenC. How longD. How far3. do you go for a trip with your family? About once a year.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How muchD. How long4. is the park from here? It s about 10 kilometers.A. How oftenB. How longC. How farD. How much5. yogurt do you need? Three cups.A. How longB. How farC. H

14、ow manyD. How much答案： DCACD4、重点副词辨析：1）much too 和 too muchmuch too 意为“非常，太”， much 和 too 都是副词，much 修饰 too , 用以加强语气，too ；用来修饰形容词副词原级。too much 意为“太多”，中心词是much ,too 修饰much ,以加强语气，too much 修饰不可数名词，与too many 相对， too many 修饰可数名词。如： The skirt is much too dear.Please don t eat too much ice creaitm , s bad for

15、 your health.There are too many people in the supermarket.2) too , as well , also 和 eithertoo/as well 用于肯定句；多用于口语；一般放句末；either 用于否定句；一般放句末；also 用于肯定句；位于句中（行前系后）；多用于书面语。如： He went there too.He didn t go there either.I like you as well.I also went there.3) already , yet 和 stillalready 表示某事已经发生，主要用于肯定句

16、中；yet 表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句中；still 表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句中，有时也用于否定句中。例句：We ve already watched that film.I haven t finished my homework yet .He still works until late every night.4) ago 和 beforeago 表示以现在为起点的以前，常用在一般过去时的句子中。before 是指以过去或将来的某一时刻为基准的以前，也可泛指以前，常用于现在完成时、过去完成时和一般过去时的句子中。如： The meeting began f

17、ive minutes ago.I have never been to Suzhou before.【小试牛刀】1 .The sweater is very beautiful,but it sdear.A.too muchB.much tooC.too manyD.more2 .Look! There isice in the lake.A.too muchB.much tooC.too manyD.a lot3 .He is saying, I don t want any bread, .A. too, also B. also, too C. either, too D. also,

18、 either答案： BAD四、形容词副词的等级1 、比较级和最高级的构成1 )规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词 和少数双一般直接在词尾加-er，-estlonglongerlongest音节词以 e 结尾时加-r，-stlatelaterlatest以辅音字母加y 结尾时，把y 变 i ，再加-er，-esteasy happyeasier happiereasiest happiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er， -estbig hot thin fatbigger hotter thinner fatterbiggest hott

19、est thinnest fattest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more， mostcarefulmore carefulmost carefulbeautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful不规则变化口诀：2 、原级用法一分为二有两个， 合二为一有三对， 还有一词双含义，一个远来一个老， 两坏两多和两好， 只译少来不译小。 further 用来修饰抽象名词，表示 进一步的 。 如：He will need further help. elder/eldest 只适用于人，表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼（排行） 。 elder 不与 than 连用。如：He is m

20、y elder/younger brother.（哥哥 /弟弟 ）1 ） 有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时，用其原级。如：The boy is too young.He plays the piano very well.表示 A 与 B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastbad/badly/illworseworstoldolder（年纪较大的） elder（较年长的）oldest（年纪最大的）

21、 eldest（最年长的）farfarther（较远） further（进一步）farthest（最远） furthest（最大限度）肯定句中的结构： A + as 形容词+/副词原级+ as + B 。 如： English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim.否定句中的结构： A + not as/so +形容词/副词原级+ as + B 。 如： Lesson One isn t as (so) difficult as Lesson Two.否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。如： Lesso

22、n One is less difficult than Lesson Two.3) 表示 A 是 B 的 . 倍时，A .+倍数 +as +形容词原级+as+ BOur school is three times/twice as big as theirs.The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil.3 、比较级用法1) ) 表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为 A + 比较级 +than +B 。 如： I am taller than you.He did better than me.注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对

23、象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. (不用you)2) 有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far 等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较级。如： It s much warmer today.This bottle is a little bigger than that one.3) 在两者之间进行选择，哪一个更 ,用句型 Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，A or B? 。如： Who is taller, Mike or Ted?Which one is the longer, the pe

24、n or the pencil?4) 表示 两者之间 最 的一个 (of the two)时，常用the +比较级结构。如： Bob is the taller of the two boys.Being is the bigger of the two.5) 表示 越来越 时，用比较级重叠结构，即比较级 + and + 比较级 ，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用 more and more + 原级结构。如： The weather is getting warmer and warmer.Our country is becoming more and more beautiful.6)

25、表示 越 就越 时，用the +比较级，the +比较级 结构。如： The more you eat, the fatter you will be.The more you eat, the fatter you will be.4、最高级用法1) ) 表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/of 短语来表示范围。如：What s the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys.注意：形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有

26、格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如： Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today.2) 表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用 Which/Who is the +最高级，A,B or C? 。如： Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?3) 表示 最 的之一 时，用 one of the 形容词最高级+可数名词的复数 结构。如： Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers.4) 形容词

27、最高级前可加序数词，表示第几最 。如： The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.5) 形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。如： Li Lei is the tallest student in his class. 李磊是他班里最高的学生。=Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class.=Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class.=Li Lei is taller than anyone else in

28、his class.=Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class.【小试牛刀】1. Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick? Leo is more careful. I think Leo didNick.A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than2. Many Chinese students think science subjects areforeign languages.A. more diff

29、icult as B. less difficult than C. much difficult than D. so difficult as3. What is your favorite sport? Swimming, I think. It s of all.A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring 答案： CBC5 、必备句型1 ）原级句型Chinese is as important as English.They work as hard as you do.It is not

30、 so/as hot as yesterday.2）比较级句型3）最高级句型The sun is much bigger than the earth.Who is taller, Lily or Lucy ?The weather gets hotter and hotter .Beijing is more and more beautiful.Summer is the hottest season in the whole year.The warmer the weather gets, the better I feel. Mary sings (the) best of our

31、classmates.Who runs (the) fastest, Nancy, Lucy or Lily?Beijing is one of the biggest cities o fChina.1. I work hard this term, but Peter works much A. hardB. harderC. hardestD. the hardest2. We have a lovely room. It s one of in the hotel.D. the nicestA. niceB. nicerC. nicest3. Which color do you li

32、ke , blue or green? Blue.A. goodB. better C. bestD. the best4. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here than you.A. longB. longer C. longestD. the longest答案： B D B B4）倍数表达法： A+倍数+ 形容词或副词的比较级+than +B A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B A+倍数+the size/height/length/widthof +B +如：This hall is five times bigger

33、than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快一倍。This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。This street is four times the length of that one. 这条街是那条街的四倍长。This hill is f

34、our times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。With the help of the German experts ， the factory produced cars in 1993 as the year before.D. twice many asA. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many答案： C综合题库1. Li Huas shoes are asas Zhang Huis.A. cheapB. cheaperC. the cheaperD. the che

35、apest2. Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to befor me.A. difficultB. too difficultC. more difficultD. the most difficult3 . Do you like the movie tonight? Yes, I do. In fact, Ive never seen aone.A. goodB. betterC. worseD. bad4 . Bill, who's the little boy in the picture? It's me. I am muc

36、h, aren't I?A strongB strongerC strongestD. the strongest5. What do you think of Tom s speaking-?- -No one does in our class.A. goodB. betterC. wellD. best6. China is one ofcountries in the world.A. largerB. largestC. the largestD. the larger7. Look , how beautiful the car is! Yes, but it s too

37、for me.A. expensive B. highC. cheapD. low8. -Let s buy some cards for our teacher on Teachers Day.- Why not make some by hand? It s much.A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting9. -Lin Tao, why are you so ?-Because Wang Meng got three gold metals at the Winter O

38、lympics.A. excitedB. angryC. disappointedD. sad10. -Dad, it s such a long way from our home to the park?- You mean it sa ktoe ta taxi?A. popularB. necessaryC. possibleD. important11. I hear more parks will be built in Tianyuan. I msu re Tianyuan willbecomethanbefore.A. modernB more beautifulC. the m

39、ost energetic.D. more important12. The air in mountain area isthat in big cities.A. as fresh asB. fresher thanC. as dirty asD. dirtier than13. It isto work out this problem . You neednt go to ask the teacher.A. enough easyB. easily enoughC. easy enoughD. very easily14. Mrs. King kept weighing hersel

40、f to see how muchshe was getting.A. heavyB. heavierC. the heavierD. the heaviest15. What delicious cakes!-They would tastewith butter.A. goodB betterC. badD. worse16. If there arepeople driving ,there will beair pollution.Yes, the air will be fresher.A. less, lessB. less, fewerC. fewer, fewerD. fewe

41、r , less17. The film isone that I have ever seen.A. more excitingB. more excitedC. the most excitingD. the most excited18. - “ Have youspoken to a foreigner? ”- Not yet, I havent got a chance.A. neverB. alsoC. everD. too19. I canbe a nurse. Im not a very patient person.A. seldomB. everC. neverD. alw

42、ays20. - I wonder_ you ll water this kind of tree. - Once a week.A. how oftenB. how longC. how soonD. how much21. -do you have PE lessons? Three times a week.A. How longB. How soonC. How manyD. How often22. The Internet is very useful for us. We canfind information.A. easyB. easilyC. hardD. hardly23

43、. Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike ?- I d like to goA. nowhere interestingB. interesting anywhereC. some interestingD. interesting somewhere24. Although she usually dances ,we are still worried that she is not feeling today.A. good, wellB. well, goodC. good, goodD. well, well2

44、5. Beijing has many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours.A. soB. veryC. tooD. much26. - Excuse me, Could you please not talk in the museum?-Oh, sorry.A. loudlyB. carefullyC. clearly27. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining .A. badlyB. hardlyC. probablyD. heavily28. -Mrs. Lin is very popular among the students.- Yes, Her classes are lively and interesting.A. alwaysB.