船舶常用英语一汇总

1、一、船舶类型常用英语trampshipcontainership不定期货船集装箱船ship,vessel船，船舶full-containership全集装箱船boat,craft艇semi-containership半集装箱船sampan触板，小船multi-purposecontainership）多用途集装箱船manpoweredboat人力船generalcargoship/vessel/carrier杂货船sailor;sailingboat帆船bulk(cargo)carrier散货船motorsailor机帆船orecarrier矿砂船power-drivenship机动船grai

2、ncarrier运粮船paddlesteamer,paddlewheelvessel明轮船coalcarrier;coaler运煤船screwship;propellervessel螺旋桨船lumber(timber)carrier运木船airscrewship;aerialpropellervessel空气螺旋桨船cattlecarrier运牲畜船hovercraft;aircushioncraft气垫船multi-purposeship多用途船hydrofoil水翼船liquidcargoship液体货货船hydrojetpropelledboat,waterjetboat喷水船chemi

3、caltank化学品液货船steamship;steamer蒸汽机船liquidchemicaltanker液体化学品船motorship内燃机船liquefiedgascarrier液化气体船dieselship柴油机船liquefiedpetroleumgastanker(LPG)液化石油气运electrically-propelledship电力推进船输船steamturbineship汽轮机船liquefiednaturalgastanker(LNG)液化天然气运输船gasturbineship燃气轮机船tanker;oiltanker油轮nuclear-powership核动力船su

4、pertanker超级油轮deckship甲板船VLCC(verylargecrudecarrier)(吨位在20万至30flushdeckship平甲板船万吨之间的）巨型油轮raisedquarter-deckship尾升高甲板船ULCC(ultra-largecrudecarrier)(吨位在30万至50well-deckship半舱船万吨之间的）超巨型油船singlesideship单舷长大舱口船refrigeratedship;coldstorageship冷藏船three-islandship三岛式船roll-on/roll-offship(RO/ROship)滚装船doublesh

5、ellship双壳船ferry渡船rivetedship挪接船passengerferry旅客渡船weldedship焊接船freightferry货物渡船transverselyframedship横骨架式船fishingvessel(boat)渔轮longitudinallyframedship纵骨架式船trawler拖网渔轮combinedframedship混合骨架式船bargecarrier;lighteraboardship(LASH)载驳船sea-goingvessel海船barge;lighter驳船ocean-goingvessel远洋船deckbarge甲板驳coaster

6、沿海船well-deckbarge半舱驳channelship海峡船doubleshellbarge双壳驳inlandwaterwayvessel内河船singlesidebarge单舷长大舱口驳civilship;merchantship民用船；商船oilbarge油驳transportship运输船containerbarge集装箱驳船pleasureyacht游艇RO/RObarge滚装驳船passengership客船liquefiedgasbarge液化气体驳coastingpassengerandcargoship沿海客货船hopperbarge开底泥驳passengerandau

7、to-carcarrier及汽车运输船splithopperbarge对开泥驳touristship;passengercarrier旅游船pusher;pushboat顶推船；推船cargoship;freighter货船workingship工程船cargoliner定期货船tug;tugboat;towboat拖船第1页共12页harbortug港作拖船rescuetug救助拖轮salvageship救捞船dredger挖泥船trailingsuctiondredge耙吸挖泥船cuttersuctiondredger绞吸挖泥船bucketwheeldredger斗轮挖泥船bucketdr

8、edger链斗挖泥船reclamationcraft吹泥船grabdredger抓斗挖泥船dipperdredger铲斗挖泥船floatingpitter;drivepitter打桩船floatingcrane;derrickboat起重船floatingdock浮船坞cablelayer;cableship布缆船scientificsurveyingship科学考察船researchship科学调查船oceanographicresearchvessel海洋调查船surveyingship测量船ice-breaker破冰船pontoon浮舟；浮桥；建船，浮码头highspeedcraft高速

9、船passengercatamaran双体客船vehicleferrycatamaran双体车辆渡船vehicle-passengerferrycatamaran双体车客渡船pontooncatamaran双体建船evenkeelextremebreadthsheerlineaccommodationaccommodationdeckaccommodationladderaccommodationladderplatform舷梯舷梯平台后（部船）体龌尖舱舱壁龌尖舱空气孔空气管airpipeappendageauxiliarymachinerybalancedrudderballastballa

10、stlineballastpumpballastpumpingsystemballasttank(water)（船体水线下的）附体；附件battenbatten-ceilingbeambeambracket二、船舶结构常用英语centerline中心线，中线athwartships横对船体(与船首尾线直交)bevel斜角；斜面baseline基线amidships在船中部；在纵中线上designedwaterlinebreadth设计水线宽designedwaterlinelength设计水线长draft吃水former/aftdraft首/尾吃水draftfigures吃水尺度interse

11、ction交点；交叉；横断面knuckle折角线lengthbetweenperpendicular垂线间长lengthoverall总长loadwaterlinelength满载水线长registerlength(breadth;depth)登记长度(宽度、深度）freeboard干舷riseoffloor(dead;rise)觥高；船底loadlinemark载重水线标记freshwaterloadline(F.)淡水载重线freshwatertimberloadline(L.F.)淡水木材载重线tropicalfreshwaterloadline(TF)热带淡水载重线tropicallo

12、adline(T)热带载重线summerloadline(S)夏季载重线summerfreshwaterloadline(F)夏季淡水载重线winterloadline(W)冬季载重线winterNorthAtlanticloadline(WNA)冬季北大西洋载重线（首尾）等吃水，平载最大宽度floatablelength可浸长度sheeratforward（after）perpendicular首尾舷弧舷弧线居住舱室起居舱室；旅客甲板accommodationladdermanrope舷梯扶索afterbodyafterpeakbulkheadafterpeaktankairhole辅助机械

13、；辅机平衡舵压载（物）压载水管系压载水泵压载水系统压载舱（水）板条；压条（封仓用）（货舱内）护舱条，护板横梁梁肘板bearding交合线，棒（艄柱或龌柱上）bendingmoment弯矩bilge觥部；舱底；（船底）污水沟bilgebracket觥肘板bilgekeel(chock,piece)舱龙骨bilgeknee觥肘板bilgeline觥水管系bilgemain觥水总管bilgepipe(suction)觥吸水管bilgepump觥水泵bilgestrake(plate)觥列板bilgewell污水井bitt系缆桩chafingplate防擦板bollard系缆桩；系船柱；双系柱chaf

14、ingring防擦环bolster枕垫chainlock(well)锚链舱bonnet烟囱帽；机罩chainpipe锚链管boom杆；吊杆；桁；叉架chainstopper止链器boomcrutch(support;rest)吊杆支架chock导缆器；垫木bossing尾管突出部；轴包套clampplate夹板，压板bottomframe船底横骨cleat羊角；系绳铁栓；防滑条bottomlongitudinal船底纵骨coaming围板；舱口围板bottomplate船底板cofferdam隔离舱bow船首，船头collarplate封板bowfender艄护垫collisionbulkhe

15、ad船首舱壁；防撞舱壁bowflare艄部外飘companionway(hatch)升降口bowthruster首侧推器corrugatedbulkhead槽形舱壁bracket肘板；（三角）拖架corrugation皱；槽形；波形breakwater挡浪板crossdeckstructure舱间甲板结构bridge桥；桥楼；驾驶口crossingstrengthmember交叉强力构件bulbangle圆头角材cruiserstern巡洋舰型船尾bulbousbow球形船首，球鼻首curtainplate幕板bulbstern球形船尾cutout开口；切bulkhead舱壁davit吊艇架；

16、吊艇柱bulkheadplating舱壁板deck甲板bulkheadstiffener舱壁扶强材deckbeam甲板横梁bulwark舷墙deckhouse甲板室bulwarkplating舷墙板deckline甲板线bulwarkstay舷墙扶强材decklongitudinal甲板纵骨bunkertank燃料舱deckstringer(plate)甲板边板bushing衬套deeptank深舱butt端接；残片derrick吊杆buttjoint(seam)平接缝diaphragm隔板buttriveting对接挪doublebottom双层底buttwelding对接焊doubling

17、plate双层焊合板butterflyclip蝴蝶夹drainhole排水孔bypassvalve旁通阀ductkeel箱形龙骨cablestopper止链器dunnage垫舱（物料）；衬垫camber翘曲dunnagewood垫木camberofbeam梁拱dynamicload动载荷cantbeam斜梁endbracket端肘板cantbracket斜角板escapetrunk（船内）应急通道cantframe斜肋骨enginebed机座cantilever悬臂梁enginecasing机舱围壁capstan绞盘；绞缆机escapescuttle（船内）应急出口cargobatten货舱护

18、板escapevent脱险口cargoblock吊货滑车expansionjoint伸缩接头cargoport装货舷梯，舷门expansiontrunk(tank)（油船）膨胀深井catwalk（油轮上的）天桥，步桥extensionbracket延伸肘板centergirder中底桁faceplate面板centerstrake中央内底板fender碰垫；护舷材第3页共12页fenderbar护舷条heel踵材；横倾fairlead导缆器hingedcover(door)钱链盖（门）flamescreen防焰罩hold货舱flange折边holdbeam舱内梁flangedbracket折边

19、肘板holdframe舱内肋骨flatkeel平板龙骨holdladder舱内梯floor肋板holdstanchion(pillar)舱内支柱foldingdoor折门holdstringer舱内纵桁forecastledeck艄楼甲板hopper漏斗；开舱泥驳forepeaktank（船的）首舱；前尖舱hoppertank底边舱forwardperpendicular首垂线hoppertankslopingplating底边舱斜板foundation底座horizontalmarginplate水平内底板frame肋骨horizontalgirder水平桁framenumber肋骨跨数ho

20、rizontalstiffener水平扶强材（防挠材）framespace肋距hull船壳，船体freeingport甲板排水孔；放水孔hullconstruction船体结构gangway(gangladderorgangboard)舷梯hullplating船壳板gasket垫圈，垫料（集）密封垫hullstrength船体强度generalservicepipe(G.Spump)通用泵,总用泉innerbottom内底girder桁材innerbottomplating内底板gooseneck(parityiron)鹅颈头；吊杆弯头insertplate嵌板；衬板grating格子板；滑

21、铁板jack千斤顶groundtackle锚泊索具jackladder绳梯gunwale舷缘；舷边Jacob'sladder软梯；绳梯gunwaleangle舷边角钢Joggledjoint折接；弯合gunwalebar舷边角材jogglingmachine折曲机gunwalerailing舷边栏杆keel司gunwaletank舷侧水柜（甲板下）keelblock龙骨墩gusset角板；扣板keelline龙骨线；艄1尾线gutter（甲板）水沟；槽沟keelplate龙骨板gutterangle;waterwayangle(舷侧)排水沟角钢keelrail（救生艇）艇底把手gyps

22、y绞筒（锚机绞车上的）keelson内龙骨handrail舷墙扶手kingpost起重柱；将军柱hangingrudder;hingedrudder吊舵；悬舵knee肘板；弯头hatch;hatchway;hatchopening舱口kneeofthedeck甲板梁肘板hatchbar封舱压条lighteninghole减轻孔hatchbatten舱口边压条lignumvitae铁梨木hatchbeam(web)舱口大梁localstrength局部强度hatchbooby活动舱口盖localstress局部应力hatchcoaming舱口板longitudinal纵骨；纵材；纵桁hatchc

23、over舱口盖longitudinalbulkhead纵舱壁hatchendbeam舱口端梁longitudinalbending纵向弯曲hatchmoulding舱口椽材longitudinalframingsystem纵骨架式hatchsidegirder舱口纵桁longitudinalstrength纵向强度hatchtarpaulin盖舱布lug耳板hatchtrunk舱口围阱maindeck主甲板hawsepipe锚链管mainframe主肋骨hawser绳索；大缆manhole人孔第4页共12页manholedoor人孔盖rudderstock舵杆manholecoaming人孔围

24、板ruddertrunk舵杆围壁；舵杆管momentofinertia惯性矩rung（梯子）踏步；横档marginplate内底边板scallop扇形开孔moldedbreadth型宽scantling构件尺寸moldeddepth型深scantlingofthestructure结构尺寸mooringhole导缆孔scarf;scarph嵌接处；斜面；斜接mooringpost系缆柱；岸柱scarfjoint斜（嵌）接mudbox泥箱scarfweld（斜面）焊接non-returnvalve止回阀scarfingbracket嵌接肘板non-watertightbulkhead非水密舱壁s

25、cupper排水孔notch切口；槽口；刻痕scupperpipe排水管oscillatingload振动负荷scuttle舷窗；人孔（盖）；小舱口盖parallelmiddlebody平行中体seam焊缝；接缝panelstiffener板格扶强材section剖面pantingarrangement防挠振结构sectionmodulus剖面模数pantingbeam防挠振梁semi-balancedrudder半平衡舵pantingstringer防挠振纵桁shaft轴pillar支柱；墩shaftbracket轴架pintle舵销shafttube;sterntube龌轴管planebu

26、lkhead平囿舱壁shafttunnel(alley;passage;trunk）轴隧；地轴弄planekeel平板龙骨shedderplate泄板；斜板pumproom泵舱sheer舷弧；偏航helm(rudder)pintle舵销sheerstrake舷顶列板horizontalmarginplate水平内底边板shell船壳；壳outbottomplating外底板shellframe舷侧肋骨platform平台shellplating船壳板；外板plating壳板shellstrake;outsideplating船体外板plimsollmark载重线标志shelterdeck遮蔽甲

27、板poop龌楼；船尾shiftingbeam活动舱口梁poopdeck龌楼甲板shiftingboard(orplank)止移板（散装谷类）；防动port舷门；舱门；（装货）口；窗；门；孔porthole舷窗；（装货）舷门板sidegirder旁桁材propeller;propellor推进器；螺旋桨sidelongitudinal舷侧纵骨propelleraperture螺旋桨空间sideplating舷侧外板propellerboss(bub)螺旋桨毂sidestrake舷侧列板propellershaft龌轴singlebottom单层底racking（船体）横向挠度skid护舷木；垫板

28、rail扶手；栏杆skylight天窗rolling横摇slantingplate斜板roundofbeam梁拱sloptank污油水舱roundstern圆（船）尾slopingplate斜板rudder舵slopingplatelongitudinal斜板纵骨ruddercarrier舵托slot槽；开缝ruddercasing舵杆管sluice水密门；水闸rudderpintle舵针；舵栓sluicevalve闸阀rudderplate;rudderblade舵叶；舵板snipedend削斜端rudderpost舵柱softtoe软趾solidfloor实肋板tweendeckframe

29、甲板间肋骨soundingpipe测量管；测深管twistingdistortion扭转变形stabilizer减摇装置twistingmoment扭转力矩stabilizingtank减摇水舱tunnel轴隧，隧道，风筒staging构架；台架；脚手架tunnelescape轴隧应急出口stanchion支柱；栏杆柱tunnelshaftbearing中间轴支撑轴承staticload静载荷ullagepipe(port)油位测定管（孔）stay支柱；撑条；支索ullagespace空挡空间staybar(orrod)撑杆upperdeck上甲板stayplate撑板upper(revers

30、e)frame内底横骨stem艄；艄柱；艄材upper(lower)shelfplate上（下）支架板stempost艄柱upper(lower)stool上（下）托架stern船尾，龌部ventilator通风筒sterncounter船尾突出体verticalballasttrunk竖向压载通道sternshaft;propellershaft月尾轴verticalgirder竖桁sternpoop龌楼warpingchocks滚轮导缆钳sternpost尾柱washbulkhead可荡舱壁，挡水舱壁stiffener防挠材；扶强材；力口固物watertightbulkhead水密舱壁st

31、ool托架，座，凳watertightdeck水密门strake列板weatherdeck露天甲板strengthcalculation强度计算webbeam强横梁，桁板横梁strengthdeck强力甲板webframe加强肋骨，框架肋骨，桁板肋骨stringer纵桁webplate腹板stringerplate甲板边板wedge楔木，楔子structuralmember构件winch起货机structuralstrength结构强度winch-head绞车卷筒strumbox（舱底水）过滤箱windlass起锚机strut撑材，支柱，轴架wingtank翼舱，翼柜stuffingbox填料

32、箱wireclip钢缆夹superstructure上层建筑wirereel卷缆车，钢丝滚筒tail(end)shaft龌轴tarpaulin防水油布，帆布，舱蛊布二、船加忆料及，”帛凡央等thrustbearing(block)推力轴承A.Shipbuildingmaterial（造船材料）thrustshaftcollars推力环T-barT型钢tieplate带板，牵板，连接板Z-barZ型钢topsidetank顶边舱；上边柜I-Bar工字钢topsidetankslopingplating顶边舱斜板channelbar槽钢torsion扭转anglesteel角钢torsionstr

33、ength扭转强度equalanglesteel等边角钢transomstern方形船尾unequalanglesteel不等边角钢transverse横梁，横材offsetbulbplate球扁钢transversebulkhead横舱壁flatplate钢板transverseframe横肋骨，横框roundsteel圆钢transverseframingsystem横骨架式halfroundsteel节圆钢transversering横环steelpipe钢管transversestrength横向强度alloysteel合金告qtrippingbracket防倾肘板specialste

34、el特种钢tweendeck中间甲板temperingsteel回火钢材lowcarbonsteel彳氐碳车Whightensilesteel高强度钢copper紫铜brass黄铜aluminumalloy铝合金stainlesssteel不锈钢mechanicalproperty机械性能tensiletest拉伸试验bendtest弯曲试验impacttest冲击试验torsiontest扭转试验torsionstrength抗扭强度torsionaldeflection扭转；扭转变形tensilestrength拉伸强度yieldstrength屈服强度yieldpoint屈服点yield

35、stress屈服应力elasticlimit弹性极限ultimatestrength极限强度ultimatetensilestress极限拉伸应力elasticity弹性ductility延展性，可塑（锻）性flexibility挠性，柔性，易弯性toughness韧性brittleness脆性friability易碎性hardness硬度rigidity刚性，稳定性heattreatment热处理quench淬火normalising正火annealing退火hardening硬化，淬火tempering回火casting铸件，铸造forging锻件，锻造pickling酸洗shiptimb

36、er船用木材lignumvitae铁梨木three-plywood三夹板asbestos石棉asbestoscloth石棉布asbestosboard石棉板asbestossheet石棉纸asbestoscord石棉绳asbestospaint石棉涂料fiberglass玻璃丝plastics塑料resin树脂rubber橡皮painting油漆cladding镀层，表面处理coating涂层，敷料corrosion腐蚀，侵蚀wastage损耗，蚀耗wearandtear蚀损，磨损fracture裂纹fatiguefracture疲劳裂纹hairlinefracture发式裂纹buckling

37、皱折deformation变形deflection,deflexion挠曲flexion弯曲lamellartearing层间撕裂rust铁锈scale锈皮pitting点蚀，锈斑indent凹痕，凹陷groove槽沟detachment脱开，脱焊rupture断裂，破裂cropping害U掉renewal换新descale除锈grind磨平beveedout你J除alignment对准，校直snip剪断，剪片taper削斜，斜度B.Shipbuildingworkmanship（造船工艺）Workingdrawing施工图endelevation后面图frontelevation正面图sid

38、eelevation侧面图plane平面图linesplan型线图planofwaterlines水线图generalarrangementplan总布置图constructionplan结构图damageplan损坏示意图shellexpansionplan外板展开图dockingplan进坞图framingplan船体构架图inboardprofileplan纵剖面图midshipsectionplan肿剖面图loadedwaterlineplane满载水线图halfbreadthplan半宽水线图stowageplan配载图layingofflofting放样moldloftfloor放

39、样台moldloft放样间template样板moldloftbatten,templatebatten木样条evolute展开线allowance余量assembly装配subassembly分段装配subdivisionlength分段长度shipbuildingtolerance造船公差buildingberth船台buildingdock干坞slipdock湿坞marineslipway,railwaydrydock船排marineslipwaycradle船排支架buildingblock,stocks枕木launch下水launchingways下水滑道launchinggrade

40、下水坡度launchingcradle下水架endlaunching纵向下水sidewaylaunching横向下水hydraulicpress水压机flangingmachine折边机platebendingmachine弯板机anglecutter角钢切断机planingmachine你J边机shearingmachine剪床guillotineshear龙剪床oxy-acetylenewelding氧-乙快焊co2gaswelding二氧化碳气体焊arcwelding电弧焊unionmeltwelding埋弧自动焊fusionwelding熔焊filletwelding角焊flatsea

41、m对接缝buttjointwelding对接焊intermittentwelding间断焊；断续焊staggeredintermittentwelding交错断续焊缝lapweld搭接焊slotweld槽焊；长孔焊plugweld塞焊；圆孔焊runofwelding焊道weldingtorch焊火巨weldingrod焊条flux焊药fillermetal;depositedmetal熔敷金属weldingstress焊接应力weldingprocedure焊接方法weldingthroat焊喉cuttingtorch害U炬acetylenegenerator乙快发生器slag熔渣underc

42、ut（焊接）咬边；根切hydraulictest水压试验pressuretest压力试验floodingtest灌水试验hosetest冲水试验oiltighttest油密试验purchasetrial交船试验四、船舶性能常用英语angleofvanishingstability稳性消失角buoyancy浮性buoyancycurve浮力曲线capsizinglever,upsettinglever倾覆力臂capsizingmoment,upsettingmoment倾覆力矩centerofbuoyancy浮心centeroffloatation漂心centerofgravity重心curve

43、ofareasofwaterplanes水线面积曲线curveofsectionareas横剖面面积曲线curveofvolumesofdisplacement排水量曲线dynamicalstability（curve）动稳性（曲线）entranceangle进水角floodablelength可浸长度forceofbuoyancy,buoyantforce浮力freesurface自由液面heaving垂荡heelingangle横倾角heelingmoment横倾力矩hogging中拱hoggingcondition中拱状态hoggingmoment（stress）中拱力矩（应力）hydr

44、ostaticcurves静水力曲线initialmetacenter初稳心initialstability初稳性insubmersibility抗沉性longitudinalinclination;list;heel纵倾longitudinalstability纵稳性panting（波浪对船体的）冲击periodofrolling横摇周期pitching纵摇第8页共12页五、船体检验常用英语情况良好情况欠佳情况不佳，情况不良outofaction障14. indisorder15. notworking16. inoperative1. nofitted,no2. noavailablepr

45、ovided未装未备有3.missing遗失4.incomplete不齐全，不完整5.deficient不足，缺少6.insufficient不足7.neglected遗漏8.omitted遗漏，省去9.removed移开，拆走pounding波浪冲击maneuverability操纵性marginline限界线metacenter稳心momenttochangetrimonecentimeter每厘米纵倾力矩permissiblelength许可长度potentialhead势头pressurehead压头restoringmoment,rightingmoment复原力矩restoring

46、lever,rightinglever复原力臂rolling横摇sagging中垂saggingcondition中垂状态saggingmoment(stress)中垂力矩(应力)seaworthiness适航性stability稳性stabilityatlargeangles大倾角稳性stabilitycriterionnumeral稳性横准数statichead静压头(力)staticalstability(curve)静稳性(曲线)surging纵荡swaying横荡tonspercentimeterofimmersion每厘米吃水吨数totalhead(pressure)总压头(力)t

47、ransverseinclination,trim纵倾transverse(longitudinal)metacenter横(纵)稳心transverse(longitudinal)stability横(纵)稳性trimbythebow(stern)首(尾)倾turningquality(circle)回转性(圈)velocityhead速头weighcurve重力曲线yawing艄摇THEDESCRIPTIONOFDAMAGEA.Generaldescriptions1. ingoodcondition2. inpoorcondition3. inbadcondition11. damage

48、d损坏damagedbeyondrepair损坏了无法修复12. failed(infailure)失效13. cutoforder(introuble)故障停止工作（作用），不是指故零乱（船属具零乱了）不能工作不能工作（失效）unworkable,inoperable指本身不能工作,在损坏状况判断中不能使用17. outoffunction不能工作，失去作用，不起作用18. unserviceable(useless)不能使用(指必须换新的损坏部件)19. couldnotbestarted(failedtostart)不能启动20. empty空的21. fittedincorrectly

49、安装不正确（指小型的装置设备）installedincorrectly安装不正确（指较大的装置设备）22. dangerousaccumulationofinflammablevapors可燃气体危险集积itwasobviousthatthisstatehadexistedforaconsiderabletime(损坏)状况是长期存在的23. sluggishin(action,answering)(动作、应答)迟钝B.Deficiencies5. notproperlyserviced6. notproperlycleaned7. notproperlyprotected8. notprop

50、erlyinsulated缘)9. notproperlyadjusted10. defective4.inaneglectedcondition缺乏保养未经正常保养未经正常清洁未经正常保护未经正常隔热（或电气绝未经正常校正有缺陷的（失效）10. washedoverboard冲走11. dropped跌落12. fittedwithwrong.(size,material,devices)错用(尺寸，材料，仪器)C.Tightness,stains,lossofetc.1. Leaking漏2. infiltrating(seeping)渗漏3.weeping泪滴25.collapsed倾陷，倾倒4.sweating汗滴26.ruptured毁损5.notwatertight不水密27.tornoff撕破6.lossofwatertightness失去水密性（比5好）torn拉脱7.lossofairtightness失去气密性28.pierced刺破8.lossofoiltig