(完整)上海市黄浦区2019届高三英语一模

1、第1页/共 9 页黄浦区 2018 学年第一学期期末质量试卷高三英语（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12IIGrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbes

2、tfitseachblank.JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?Ifyousay_21_toiletseat,yourewrong.Kitchenspongestopthelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontainaround10timesasmanygermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevicesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthe

3、m.Inoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephonesownerreportedthetheftbefore_22_（_die）fromthedisease.Soon,thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally_23_（confess）tothecrime._24_inthatunusualcaseacellphonecar

4、rieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?“Thatsallyou,”saysmicrobialecologistJarradHampton-Marcell.“Thatsbiologicalinformation.”Itturnsoutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphon

5、eortabletaredifferentfrom_25_ofyourfriendsandfamily.Theyrelikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethesemicrobialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.Ina2017study,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participan

6、tshomes,_26_countertopsandfloorstocomputerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan_27_（early）study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicrobialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho_28_（use）acompu

7、terkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow_29_peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove_30_anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?SectionBDirections：Completethefollowin

8、gpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A. measurementB.similarC.remarkablyD.monetaryE.astronomyF.alteredG.civilizationH.definedI.independenceJ.invariablyK.dominated第2页/共 9 页TheNileTheancientGreekwriterHerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-a

9、sthegiftoftheNile.TheEgyptiansdependontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous_31_.Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost_32_eachyearinJune.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwaslef

10、tbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthepeakoftheflood.Anearlysystemof_33_aNilometer,was

11、usedtodeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver-_34_tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta（n）_35_systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingbacktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandani

12、mals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso_36_advanced:surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊肿） .Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto_37

13、_theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.Bythe16thcenturyEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon38fromBritainafterWorldWarII.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,thecountryasacenterforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971_40_theecol

14、ogyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountrysrapidlygrowingpopulation,currentlymorethan76million-thelargestintheArabworld.皿皿.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitstheconte

15、xt.KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCitiesWatercovers71%ofEarthssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleasasourceoffreshwater._41_onthislimitedresourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho_42_water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemuni

16、cipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris_43_foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits_44_.Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas._45_forwaterresourcesbetween

17、differentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,_46_tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,_47_,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfacedthe_48_ofitsdamsrunning

18、dryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%fullinthesameweekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas_49_thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,from1.2billionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan600millionlitres,andwo

19、rking_50_withind第3页/共 9 页ustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday._51_,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing_52_waterforgardens,watermanagement

20、deviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia_53_tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have_54_.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatere

21、conomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The_55_ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.41.A.ImpactB.PressureC.ImpressionD.Ob

22、servation42.A.recycleB.wasteC.consumeD.apply43.A.restoredB.abstractedC.separatedD.preserved44.A.changeB.sourceC.originD.volume45.A.CompetitionB.ProtectionC.ConstructionD.Regulation46.A.contributingB.regardingC.respondingD.referring47.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.onthecontraryD.asaresult48.A.prospectB.i

23、llustrationC.symptomD.security49.A.reportedB.presentedC.predictedD.explained50.A.respectivelyB.increasinglyC.restrictivelyD.extensively51.A.BycomparisonB.InotherwordsC.TooursurpriseD.Whatsmore52.A.feasibleB.drinkableC.inevitableD.influential53.A.campaignB.statementC.presentationD.advertisement54.A.i

24、nvadedB.liberatedC.sufferedD.proceeded55.A.changeB.theoryC.recordD.threatSectionB(A)Despiteanadvertisementcampaignsuggestingwall-to-wallspecialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithia”isgroundedinrealityfarmorethaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePatersonsaward-winningnovel,thescreenwritersDavidPatersonandJeffStockwel

25、lhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren.JessAarons(JoshHutcherson)isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparentsandatalentfordrawing.Anintrove

26、rted(内向的)kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie(AnnaSophiaRobb),afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;togethertheycreateanimaginarykingdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes

27、,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree.Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandtheencouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTerabithia”keepsthefantasyinthebackgroundtofindmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupodirectsthis,hisfirstfeature,

28、likesomeoneclosetothepainofbeingdifferent,fascinatedintiny,perfectdetails.Withstrongperformancesfromalltheleads,“BridgetoTerabithia”isabletohandleadulttopicswithsensitivity.Astheemotionallandscapedarkens,thosewhohaventreadthebookmaybesurprisedatthesorrowthefilmmakerscausewithouteverresortingtohorror

29、orterr第4页/共 9 页or.Inotherwords,yourchildrenmaycry,buttheywontbetraumatizedsobadly.Consistentlysmartanddelicateasaspiderweb,“BridgetoTerabithia”isthekindofchildrensmovierarelyseennowadays.Atatimewhenmanypublicschoolsarebeingforcedtocutmusicandartfromthecurriculum,thestorysinsistenceonthehealingpowero

30、facultivatedimaginationisbothwelcomeandessential.56. ThesecondparagraphindicatesthatJessandLeslie.A. losttheircontrolovertheimaginarykingdomB. lookeddownontheirindividualrealitiesC. formedagoodfriendshipdespitetheirdifferenttalentsD. wroteabookaboutamagicallandcalledTerabithia57. Whichofthefollowing

31、wordsismostlikelytoreplace“traumatized”(paragraph4)?A. criticizedB.ignoredC.delightedD.shocked58. Thetwochildrenmostlikely.A. skippedschooltoplayinthewoodsbehindtheircampusB. createdanimaginaryworldasanescapefromrealityC. disappointedtheirparentswiththeirover-activeimaginationsD. wonagainstthebullie

32、satschoolwithstrongperformances59. Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A. Thefantasycomponentsofthemovieweretooover-done.B. Themovieismotionalbutnotmuchtoodramatic.C. “BridgetoTerabithia”hasanegativeimpactonpublicschooleducation.D. Childrenshouldntwatchthefilmastheyaretoo

33、youngtounderstandthetopics.(B)HotAirBalloonsAhotairballoonismade第5页/共 9 页Thebasisofhowtheballoonworksisthatwarmerairrisesincoolerair.Thisisbecausehotairislighterthancoolairasithaslessmassperunitofvolume.Masscanbedefinedbythemeasureofhowmuchmattersomethingcontains.Theactualballoonhastobelargeasittake

34、salargeamountofheatedairtoliftitofftheground.Theburnerusespropanegastoheatuptheairintheenvelopetomovetheballoonoffthegroundandintotheair.Thepilotmustkeepfiringtheburneratregularintervalsthroughouttheflighttoensurethattheballooncontinuestothestable.Naturally,thehotairwillnotescapefromthehotattheveryb

35、ottomoftheenvelopasfirstly,hotairrisesandsecondly,thefloatingpowerkeepsitmovingup.Tomovetheballoonupwards,thepilotopensupthepropanevaluewhichletsthepropaneflowtotheburnerwhichinturnfreestheflameupintotheenvelope.Itworksinmuchthesamewayasagasgrill:themoreyouopenthevalve,thebiggertheflametobeattheaira

36、ndthefastertheballoonrises.The“ParachuteValve”attheverytopoftheballooniswhatisusedtobringtheballoondowntowardstheground.Itisacircleoffabriccutoutofthetopoftheenvelopwhichiscontrolledbyaropewhichrunsdownthroughthemiddleoftheenvelopetothebasket.Ifthepilotwantstobringtheballoondown,heorshesimplypullson

37、theropewhichwillopenthevalve,lettinghotairescape,decreasingtheinnerairtemperature.Thiscoolingofaircausestheballoontoslowitsrise.Thepilotcanoperatehorizontallybychangingtheverticalpositionoftheballoonbecausethewindblowsindifferentdirectionsatdifferentaltitudes.Ifthepilotwantstomoveinaparticulardirect

38、ion,heorshesimplyarisesandfallstotheappropriatelevelandrideswiththewind.60. Thepurposeofthisarticleisto.A. explainhowhotairballoonsworkB. illustratewhyhotairballoonsareusefulC. describehotairballoonsstructureD. informreadersabouthowhotairballoonsaremade61. Whatwouldhappenifthe“ParachuteValve”couldno

39、tbereleasedafteritwasopened?A. Theinsideoftheballoonwouldcontinuetoheatup.B. TheballoonwouldclimbupmorerapidlyC. Theself-sealingvalvewouldneedtotakeovertheroleoftheParachuteValve.D. Theballoonwouldbegintomovedownmorerapidly.62. Whichofthefollowingskillsorknowledgewouldbethemostusefultoaballoonpilot?

40、ETIVEIOPwithairtoproduceflamesTheyhavetwobaskcontrolsavalveandaregttl-dtDtupof3mainparts:TheEnvelopeTheactualfabricballoonwhichholdstheairTheBurnerTheunitwhichpushestheheatupintotheenvelopeTheBasketWherethepassengersandpilotstandSkirtPropaneTanksBasketParachuteValvef阀）：Aself-healingFlapthatallowshot

41、afrtoataccmtrofledrate,slowingriseorcausingfall.Gores第6页/共 9 页A. Theabilitytosewthepanelsoffabrictogethertomakeaballoon.B. Anunderstandingofhowpropanegasismanufactured.C. Aknowledgeofthebackgroundofpassengerswhoaretravellingintheballoon.D. Aknowledgeofaircurrentsandwinddirectionsintheareawhereheispi

42、lotingtheballoon.（C）ThesurfaceofVenushasneverseemedveryhospitable.Temperatureschangearound470C（900F）,theresultofarunwaygreenhouseeffect,andthepressureofitsatmosphere,thickwithcarbondioxideandsulfuricacid（硫酸）,issome90timesthatofEarths.Lead（铅）wouldflowlikewateronVenus,andwatercannothaveexistedinliquid

43、formforperhapsabillionyears.NowNASASMagellanspacecraftseemstohavefoundonemorehorrorinthenastylandscape:activevolcanoes.LastweekthespaceagencyreleasedthefirstdetailedmapofVenusandthemostdramaticimagesevermadeofitssurface.Thepictureofferthebestevidencetodatethataplanetonceassumeddeadisactuallyalivelyp

44、otofgeologicalchange.ThemostamazingimageisofVenusssecondtallestmountain,MaatMons,whichrises8km（5miles）.Mostoftheplanetsmanypeaks,including9.5-km-（6-mile-）highMaxwellMontes,lookbrightintheradarpicturesMagellantakesfromitsorbitabovethepermanentcouldcover.Thatmeanstheyarestrongreflectorsofradarwaves.Bu

45、tMaatMonsisdark;liketheStealthbomber,itabsorbsmuchoftheradarfallingonit.Thisinterestingfact,sayprojectscientists,isastronghintthatthemountainshasrecentlybeencoveredwithlava（熔岩） .Rockthatsitsonthesurfaceofmountaintopsappearstoweatherquicklyinthehot,chemicallyreactiveatmosphere,creatingasoilthatisrich

46、inironsulfide（硫化铁） .Itisthismineral,thescientistsbelieve,thatcaneasilybeseenonradar.IfMaatMonsdoesnthaveany,ithasprobablybeenresurfaced,perhapswithinthepastfewyears.SuchresurfacinghasundoubtedlytakenplaceinVenuslowlands:earlierimagesoftheplanetshowedvastareasthatareremarkablyfreeofcraters（火山坑） .That

47、wouldbeeasytoexplainonaPlanetlikeEarth,wherecrateringfrommeteorstrikesiserasedbysteadyerosion.ButwhilethereissomeevidenceofwinderosiononVenus,thebestexplanationforthelackofcrateringisperiodiclavaflow.Magellanhasfounddirectevidenceofsuchflows,includingdomelikeupwellingsandhardenedstreamedofrocktraili

48、ngdownthesidesofVenusianpeaks.Therearealsosignsofothergeologicactivities,includingdramaticfaultingandseveraldistinctincidentsofmountainbuilding.Buttheevidencecantindicatewhethertheyreallyoccurredmillionsofyearsago.ThecaseforactiveVenusianvolcanoesisnotyetproved,butMagellan,whichisnowwellintoitssecon

49、dcompletesurveyoftheplanetssurface,mayeventuallysettletheissue.63. WhichofthefollowinghasNOpossibilitytobefoundonVenusnow?A. CarbondioxideB.SulfuricacidC.LiquidwaterD.Activevolcanoes64. Thescientistsbelievethatshowsupeasilyonradar.A.geologicalchangeB.ironsulfideC.mountainmineralD.lavaflow65. Whichof

50、thefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A. TheresurfacinghaschangedtheimagesofthevastareasinVenuslowlands.B. ThewinderosiononVenusiscausedbyperiodiclavaflowsC. StreamsofrocktrailingdownthesideofVenusianpeakscanbeseenonEarthD. Othergeologicactivitieshavecauseddramaticandunbelievableclimatephenomenon.

51、第7页/共 9 页66. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.NASASMagallanspacecraftfailstostandtheenvironmentofVenus.B. ThereisclearandconfirmedevidencefortheactiveVenusianvolcanoesonVenus.C. SomeevidenceofperiodiclavaflowshasbeenfoundbyNASAastronauts.D. Magellanwillconductafollow-upcompletesurveyoftheVenussurfa

52、ce.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencesgiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A. However,facialrecognitionseemsmerelytoencodethem.B. Researchshowthatartificialintelligencecanreconstructthefacialstructuresofpeo

53、ple.C. Anyonewithaphonecantakeapictureforfacial-recognitionprogramstouse.D. Technologyisrapidlycatchingupwiththehumanabilitytoreadfaces.E. Continuousfacialrecordingthatpaintscomputerizeddataontotherealworldmightchangethetextureofsocialinteractions.F. Theastonishingvarietyoffacialfeatureshelpspeopler

54、ecognizeeachotherandiscrucialtotheformationofcomplexsocieties.NowhereToHide:WhatMachinesCanTellFromYourFaceThehumanfaceisaremarkablepieceofwork.67Soisthefacesabilitytosendemotionalsignals,whetherthroughtheunconsciousshameorthetrickofafalsesmile.Peoplespendmuchoftheirwakinglives,intheofficeandthecour

55、troomaswellasthebarandthebedroom,readingfaces,forsignsofattraction,hostility,trustanddeceit.Theyalsospendplentyoftimetryingtohidetheirfeelings,intentionsornature.68InAmericafacialrecognitionisusedbychurchestotrackworshippersattendance;inBritain,byretailerstospotpastshoplifters.ThisyearWelshpoliceuse

56、dittoarrestasuspectoutsideafootballgame.InChinaitconfirmstheidentitiesofride-hailingdrivers,permitstouriststoenterattractionsandletspeoplepayforthingswithasmile.ApplesnewiPhoneisexpectedtouseittounlockthehomescreen.Setagainsthumanskills,suchapplicationsmightseemenhancive.Somebreakthroughs,suchasflig

57、htortheinternet,obviouslytransformhumanabilities.69Althoughfacesarepeculiartoindividuals,theyarealsopublic,sotechnologydoesnot,atfirstsight,intrudeonsomethingthatisprivate.Andyettheabilitytorecord,storeandanalyseimagesoffacescheaply,quicklyandonavastscalepromisesonedaytobringaboutfundamentalchangest

58、onotionsofprivacy,fairnessandtrust.70Maskingtruefeelingshelpsfixthewheelsofdailylife.Ifyourpartnercanspoteveryprohibitedyawn,andyourbosseveryhintofannoyance,marriagesandworkingrelationshipswillbemoretruthful,butlessharmonious.Thebasisofsocialinteractionsmightchange,too,fromasetofcommitmentsfoundedon

59、trusttocalculationsofriskandrewardderivedfromtheinformationacomputerattachestosomeonesface.Relationshipsmightbecomemorereasonable,butalsotransactional.IV. SummaryWriting71. Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaras

60、possible.SportTourismTourismistheworldslargestindustryandispredictedtogrowwellintotheyearstocome.Increasingly,theeconomicimportanceoftourismhasbeenrecognizedbygovernmentsaroundtheworld.Atthesametime,thetourismindustryhasbecomemorecomplicatedinitsdevelopmentandmarketingnewformsoftourism.Oneofthefaste