阅读理解之词义猜测题解析PPT学习教案

1、会计学1猜测词义题猜测词义题： 词义猜测能力是英语高考阅词义猜测能力是英语高考阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考读理解能力的主要组成部分，是历年高考中的必考题型，此类题要求考生根据一定中的必考题型，此类题要求考生根据一定的上下文猜测生词词义或熟词生意，考查的上下文猜测生词词义或熟词生意，考查考生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出准考生根据上下文对灵活变化的词义做出准确理解判断的能力。确理解判断的能力。而且，所考查的词或而且，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。语境来判断。另外，代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。第1页/共41页l生

2、词词义。遇到生词不要慌张，也不要停滞不前，而应继续阅读下去，也许该词的意思在下文中很快就会明朗。第2页/共41页： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _.5. The underlined word “” can be replaced_.

3、.第3页/共41页第4页/共41页 It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. (adj. 易碎的易碎的, 脆的脆的) The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.第5页/共41页第6页/共41页She is usually for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.第7页/共41页第8页/共41页 第9

4、页/共41页第10页/共41页6. Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。第11页/共41页super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)第

5、12页/共41页 With their shining brown eyes, With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and wagging tails, and unconditional unconditional love, love, dogs can provide the dogs can provide the nonjudgmental nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain

6、confidence.reader to gain confidence.unconditional:无条件的无条件的, ,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n. n. 有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.nonjudgmental: :没有判断力的没有判断力的 judgmentaladjadj. judgment判断判断 n.n.judge判断判断 v.v.第13页/共41页第14页/共41页 利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时，他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有： to

7、 put it another way 换句话说or. 即，或者说that is 也就是说 that is to say 也就是说 in other words 换句话说第15页/共41页第16页/共41页在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anestheti

8、c to make himunconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n. 麻醉剂(药)第17页/共41页第18页/共41页第19页/共41页nit指的是月球人指的是月球人(moon people)所问所问的问题（的问题（the question）。）。第20页/共41页第21页/共41页同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时

9、阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。第22页/共41页第23页/共41页第24页/共41页1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever2. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D.

10、 虚弱 第25页/共41页第26页/共41页5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”第27页/共41页反义词反义词6.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely “homely” means “ ”.ugly

11、Unlike handsome第28页/共41页资金资金 n. 7.At the beginning they did nothave enough capital to start a business, nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from the bank. moneynor第29页/共41页第30页/共41页第31页/共41页(NMET2002,E篇) A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket

12、of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. What does the under lined word hassle probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests第32页/共41页解析解析: :对比法对

13、比法由前句的否定由前句的否定doesntdoesnt与与后句的肯定后句的肯定can becan be这一对比关系，可以推这一对比关系，可以推断出断出, , hasslehassle的意思应该与的意思应该与funfun相反相反, ,而与而与difficulty, troubledifficulty, trouble等相近。故答案为等相近。故答案为C C。第33页/共41页 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they ar

14、e honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame D第34页/共41页(NMET2004全国，广东卷)When some kind of pain killer wa

15、s brought out recently, researchers found that the colors turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.第35页/共41页The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means