现在完成时可用与过去完成时

1、现在完成时现在完成时1.1.用法用法2.2.结构结构3.3.搭配用语搭配用语4.4.辨析辨析5.5.瞬间动词瞬间动词 VS.VS. 延续性动词延续性动词6.6.固定句型固定句型1.1.强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。2.2.过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常搭配过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，常搭配一段时间一段时间, ,与与for或或since连用连用. .He has just left.He has been here for two weeks.We have lived here since 1998现代完成时含义现代完成时含义肯定式 sb. + h

2、ave/has done + sth. sb. have/has not done + sth.Have/has sb. Done +sth. ?They have already finished the work.They havent finished the work yet.Have they finished the work yet? 否定式一般疑问句式现在完成时：现在完成时： 句子结构句子结构 (与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同) 一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work-worked-worked 以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-l

3、ived , 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 “y” 变为 “i” , 再加“ ed ”。 study-studied-studied 重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母, 先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop-stopped-stopped过去分词：规则动词过去分词：规则动词AAA型 cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cutAAB型 beat-beat-beaten ABA型 become-became-become run-ran-runABB型 get-got-got make-made-madeABC型write-wrote-written take-t

4、ook-taken 过去分词：不规则动词过去分词：不规则动词与现在完成时搭配的与现在完成时搭配的时间状语时间状语already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once, twice, recently, so far, these days, in the past (last) three yearsHave you ever eaten fish and chips?Ive just lost my science book.I havent learned the word yet.Great changes have taken place in t

5、he past three years.ever at any time Have you ever visited New York?never not at any time Yes, I have. No, Ive never visited New York. already 用于肯定句 (用于一般疑问句表示惊讶的语气) We got there at 6:30 but she had already gone. Have you finished already?yet 用于否定和一般疑问句Has it stopped raining yet?Just 刚刚; 用于不同句式He ha

6、s just returned from France.用用 “just/already/yet.”填空填空1.Do you know where Julia is? -Yes, I _ (just see) her.2.What time is David leaving?-He _(already/leave)3.Whats in the newspaper today?-I dont know. I _(not read yet)4.What does Tim think of your plan?-I _(not /tell/yet).5.Is Ann coming to the ci

7、nema with us?-No, she _ the film. (already/see)have just seenhas already lefthavent read it yethavent told him yethas already seen1. _you _ (hear) from George recently?2.Lin _ (not meet) those people in the last few days.3.Everything is going well. They _ (not have) any problems so far.4.Im hungry.

8、I _ (not eat ) anything since breakfast.5.Its nice to see you again. We _ (not see) each other for a long time.6.He _ the novel twice in the last few days. (read)Haveheard hasnt methavent hadhavent eatenhavent seenhas read请改变动词形式，并注意副词have been to / have gone to /have been in1.The child cant find hi

9、s mother. His mother _ the supermarket.2.We _ the Great Wall twice.3._ you ever _ Japan?4.-May I speak to Dora? -She _ Canada.has gone to have been toHave been tohas gone toJake has gone to America. 去过去过.We have been to the Summer Palace. 去去.了了We have been in China for about a year. 呆在某地呆在某地(常加一段时间常

10、加一段时间)Right or WrongI have bought this car for ten years.buy - haveI have had this car for ten years.瞬间动词瞬间动词 VS.VS.延续性动词延续性动词The old man has died for 2 years. The old man has been dead for 2 years.die - be deadsince 与 forUsage Examplesince+过去时间过去时间/名词名词 since 1970/his arrivalsince+一段时间一段时间+ago sinc

11、e two years agosince+ 句子句子(过去时过去时) since he left herefor + 一一段时间段时间 for two yearsShe has been in Mexico since 1970.I have stayed with him since his arrival.He has learnt German since two years ago.Things have changed a lot since he left here.She has been in Mexico for 40 years.He has learnt German f

12、or two years.不改变原意，用“for” “since”改写句子1.Her classmates began to learn English two years ago.Her classmates have learned English for two years.2.The ship left two days ago.The ship has been away for two days.3. Her parents went to live in Beijing in 1981.Her parents have lived in Beijing since 1981.4.

13、 I bought the new bike last week.I have had the new bike since last week. 固定句型固定句型It is the first / second time. that结构中, that 从句用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.This is the that结构, that 从句要用现在完成时.This is the best film that I

14、ve (ever) seen. This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.1.He has never driven a car before.Its the first time he _ a car.2.Linda has lost her passport again.Its the second time this _ (happen)3.Bill is phoning his pen pal again. Thats the third time he _ him this evening.4.This is a lovely

15、meal. Its the first good meal I _ (have)has drivenhas happenedhas phonedhave had练习 过去完成时可以表示过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻过去某一时刻或或某一动作之前完某一动作之前完成的动作成的动作或或呈现呈现 的状态的状态。也就是说发生在。也就是说发生在“过去的过去的过去过去”。定义：构成构成：had过去分词过去分词过去完成时过去分词的构成：过去分词的构成：1. 规则动词的变化规则动词的变化 (regular verbs )：a) 一般情况下在动词后面加一般情况下在动词后面加 ed work - worked pla

16、y - playedb) 以以 e 结尾的动词直接加结尾的动词直接加 d use - used refuse - refusedc) 以辅音字母加以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把 y 改改 i 再加再加 edstudy - studiedcarry - carriedd) 以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字以重读闭音节结尾的，前面有单个元音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加母时，双写辅音字母，再加 edstop - stoppeddrop - dropped过去完成时的构成过去完成时的构成：由助动词：由助动词had + 动词的过去分词（动词的过去分词（V.pp)admit - admi

17、ttedbeg-beggeddrop; prefer; plan;过去完成时过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的动作表示过去的过去发生的动作 ；都是过去发生的动作，；都是过去发生的动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时. .常和常和byby或或since, forsince, for引导的表时间的从句或短语连用引导的表时间的从句或短语连用, ,但必但必须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照须要与一个表示过去时的动作相对照. .构成方式构成方式:肯定句肯定句: sb. haddone sth.否定句否定句: sb. + had not done + sth

18、.一般疑问句一般疑问句: Had+ sb.+ done sth.?肯定回答肯定回答: Yes, sb. had. 否定回答否定回答: No, sb. hadnt. 6:00 7:00 6:00 7:00 现在现在 By the time I got up, my sister had already washed all the clothes.1. .我到家时她已经睡了。我到家时她已经睡了。 By the time I got home, she had already gone to bed.2. .到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。到昨天晚上时消息已传遍全球。 By yesterday eve

19、ning the news had spread through the world. 常用的时间状语等标志词：常用的时间状语等标志词：1、by, before, when, by the time等构成的短语或引导的从句。Eg. 1)By the time she came to the bus stop, the bus had already gone.2) We had finished the task before last midnight3) When I arrived at the post office, I found that I had left the lette

20、r at home4) After I had finished my homework, I went to bed.3、 从过去开始， 一直持续到过去的另一时间的动作、状态。常用since，for.Eg. She said that she had learned English for years since he came to our school注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语，及since, for 引导的从句和短语连用。2、由由said, told, knew, heard, thought 等引导的宾等引导的宾语从句中。语从句中。Eg. He told me that he

21、had heard of it. I thought my homework had been fininshed. But I didnt.1. The thief had run away before the police arrived.2. We had learnt 3 Chapters by the end of yesterday.3. Henry had stayed in bed for a week before he went to school yesterday.The thief hadnt run away before the police arrived.H

22、ad the thief run away before the police arrived ?Who had run away before the police arrived ?We hadnt learnt 3 chapters by the end of yesterday.Had you learnt 3 chapters by the end of yesterday ?What had you learnt by the end of yesterday ?Henry hadnt stayed in bed for a week before he Had Henry sta

23、yed in bed for a week before he went to school yesterday ?How long had Henry stayed in bed before he went to school yesterday ? 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：The differences between Present Perfect tense and Past Perfect tense.(1) She has taught English for 6 years.(2) “Where is Susan” “She has gone

24、 to America”.表示过去某时发表示过去某时发生的动作，这动生的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。也可能还在进行。(1) She said she had taught English for 6 years.(2) By the time I got to London, she had gone to America.表示过去某表示过去某时之前发生时之前发生的动作。的动作。 现在完成时现在完成时: 主语主语 + have / has done过去完成时过去完成时: 主语主语 + had done 过去的过去过去的过去 过去过去 现在现在now past现在完成

25、时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时timetime基本用法基本用法1 1. . 过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之过去完成时表示在过去某时或某个动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态前发生的动作或存在的状态, ,表示经历或经验表示经历或经验. .(1) 我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰而生气我说自从你搬到这儿以来妈妈一直为你的懒惰而生气.(2) 我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了我到达电影院之前电影早已经开始了.I said mother had been angry about your laziness since we moved here.The film had begun befor

26、e we got to the cinema.2. 2. 过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直过去完成时表示过去某一时间以前开始一直延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。延续到那个时间并可能延续下去的动作。(1) (1) 他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年他来我们学校之前已经在那所学校工作了三年. . (2) (2)当当MillieMillie到达电影院的时候到达电影院的时候, , 电影已经开始了半个小时了电影已经开始了半个小时了. .(3)(3)自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面自从他离开南京我们就一直没有见过面. . He had worked in that school for

27、three years before he came to our school.The film had already been on for half an hour when Millie got to the cinema.We hadnt seen each other since he left Nanjing.3. 3. 过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的过去完成时表示在某一动作之前已经完成的动作动作. . 过去的时间由过去的时间由before, after, whenbefore, after, when引导引导的时间从句表示出来的时间从句表示出来. .1. 1. 我在你

28、回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了我在你回来之前就已经把晚饭准备好了. .2. 2. 当我赶到学校时当我赶到学校时, , 已经开始上课了已经开始上课了. .3. 3. 在我到家之前他已经走了在我到家之前他已经走了. .I had finished cooking dinner before you came back.The class had begun when I got to school.I got home after he had left.4. 4. 在在told, said, knew, heard, thoughttold, said, knew, heard, thought等

29、动词等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。(1) (1) 她说她从来没有去过巴黎。她说她从来没有去过巴黎。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.(2) (2) 我觉得我以前见过他。我觉得我以前见过他。I thought that I had seen him before.(3) Tom(3) Tom说他借了这本书两周了。说他借了这本书两周了。Tom said he had Tom said he had borrowed borrowed the book for 2 the book for 2 we

30、eks.weeks.kept5 5. . 表示意向的动词，如表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, hope, wish, expect, think, mean, supposethink, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示等，用过去完成时表示“原本原本，未能，未能”。 1.1.结果比我们想象的要好。结果比我们想象的要好。 The result was better than what we had expected.2. 我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。我们期望你会来的，但是你没有来。We had hoped that you would come, but

31、 you didnt.More practice1. When I arrived there, they_(leave) already.2. The film_(start),when we got to the cinema.3. I _(read) the book before I started school.4. They thought that they_(try) their best.5. The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.6. I _ (not

32、 realize) she wasnt Chinese until she spoke.had lefthad startedhad readhad triedhad passed awayhadnt realized 试作比较：试作比较：昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见昨天我见到王先生了自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。过面。 I saw Mr. Wang yesterday. We had not seen each other since he left Beijing.自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。自从他离开北京我们就一直未曾见过面。 We have not s

33、een each other since he left Beijing. 试比较：试比较：1. 我在这工作我在这工作已经已经五年了。五年了。2. 到到2005年年8月，我在这工作月，我在这工作已经已经五年了。五年了。过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去, , 但侧重对现在产生但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响的结果或造成的影响, ,与现在有关与现在有关. . 其结构为其结构为”助动词助动词have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词”; ; 过去完成时则是一个相对的时态过去完成时则是一个相对的时态, ,

34、它所表示的动作不仅它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去发生在过去, ,更强调更强调”过去的过去过去的过去”, ,只有和过去的某时只有和过去的某时或某动作相比较时或某动作相比较时, ,才用到它才用到它. . 到目前为止我已经学会了到目前为止我已经学会了30003000个单词个单词. .到那时我已经学会了到那时我已经学会了30003000个英语单词个英语单词. .I I have learnedhave learned 3000 English words so far. 3000 English words so far. I I had learnedhad learned 3000 English

35、words till then. 3000 English words till then. 过去完成时与一般过去时的过去完成时与一般过去时的区别区别1. 1. 时间状语不同时间状语不同过去完成时在时间上强调过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间某一特定的时间 They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. ( (说明不到点就在车站了）说明不到点就在车站了） They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.( (说明点到车站的）说明

36、点到车站的）2) 2) 在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语在没有明确的时间状语做标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一断，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时般过去时I had finished my homework before my mother came back.在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。在妈妈回来前，我已经把作业写完了。) ) 当两个或两个以上的动作用当两个或两个以上的动作用andand或或butbut连接时，按连接时，按时间顺序时间顺序只需用一般过去时代替过去完成时；另外只需用一

37、般过去时代替过去完成时；另外在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的在引导的从句中由于这些连词本身已经表示时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. I (had) called her before I left the office.1：How long _ you _in the countryside before you came to our school?A:hadtaughtB:havetaugh

38、tC:did.teachD: areteaching2： How long _ you _the army before you came to our company? A: did.join B: have .joined C: hadbeen in D: havebeen in3：The football match on TV _ for half an hour. (2008年湖南对口招生） A:has begun B:has been on C: began D:is begining4:A moment ago, a policeman told me that he _ my stolen motorbike in a village. A:has found B:had found C: was finding D: will find5:When Jack arrived ,he learned Mary _ for almost an hour. A; had gone B: had set off C: had left D: had been away 分析：答案选分析：答案选 D。因为上大学是过去，学。因为上大学是过去，学了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即了五千个英语单词是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去