高级英语--讲稿（Lesson 10, Book 2）

1、高级英语（第2册第10课）讲 稿Textbooks教材Advanced English (Revised Edition) (Book II)高级英语(修订版)（第二册） 外语教学与研究出版社Main reference materials主要参考资料1）高级英语（修订本）教师用书（第二册）张汉熙主编 2）高级英语（修订本）精读精解（第二册）姚兰 主编 3）Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English4）牛津高阶英汉双解词典Lesson 10 The Sad Young Men 悲哀的年青一代Rod W. Horton and Herbert W. Ed

2、wards 罗德w霍顿，赫伯特w爱德华兹 教学目的：1. To know the writing of exposition.2. To know the Revolts of the Lost Generation in post-war America.3. To master some useful new words, phrases, expressions and structures from the texts.4. To know some famaous writers mentioned in the text.5. To understand rhetorical de

3、vices used in the text.教学步骤：1. Questions of Warming-up Activities: 1) Discussion on Younger Generation Problem in China. 2) What do you know about the Revolt of the Younger Genration in America?2. Pre-reading preparation: 1) What does the term “the Sad Young Men” refer to? 2) Supplying background in

4、formation: (see Part One in “Teaching Content”)3. While-reading activities: explaining the details of the text.4. Post-reading discussion: 1) Why the younger gneration in Post-war America called “Lost Gneration”? Were they really lost?2) Are there any weak points in the authors presentation?教学内容：Par

5、t One Background Information1. Rod William Horton: (1910- ) ² born in White Plains N.Y. ² New York University, N.Y., instructor, 1937-1945, assistant professor, 1945-49, associate professor of general literature, 1947-1957 ² United States Information Service, in Brazil and Portugal, c

6、ultural affairs officer, 1957-1964 ² Publications: (with Herbert W. Edwards) Backgrounds of American Literary Thoughts (1952), (with Vincent F. Hopper) Backgrounds of European Literature (1954).2. The Sad Young Men and the Lost GenerationF Both refer to the same group of people. F The Former wa

7、s derived from the title of F. Scott Geralds novel All the Sad Young Men. F The latter came from a remark made by Gertrude Stein who once said to Ernest Hemingway, “oh, you are all of a lost generation” (later Hemingway publicized it widely by using it as a preface to his novel The Sun Also Rises).

8、F They were both applied to the disillusioned young intellectuals, who were cut off from the old values and yet unable to term with the new era after the First World War. So they rebelled against social conventions by a kind of despair or cynical hedonism(快乐主义).3. Beat GenerationF appeared after Wor

9、ld War II in the United StatesF created by Jack Kerrouac (novelist)F This term was applied to certain American artists and writers who were popular during the 1950s.F rejected traditional social and artistic formsF sought immediate expression in multiple intense experiences and beatific illumination

10、F In literature they adopted rhythms of simple American speech and of so-called progressive jazz.F worked in and around San Francisco4. HippiesF During the 1960s “beat” ideas and attitudes were absorbed by other cultural movements, and those who practiced the “beat” life style were called “hippies”.

11、Part Two Structure AnalysisPart One Paragraph 1 IntroductionIntroduce the subjectPart TwoParagraph 2-9Support and develop the thesis by providing historical material concerning the revolt of the younger generation of the twentiesEach paragraph or paragraph unit develops a new but related aspect of t

12、he thought stated in the thesis. Part ThreeParagraph 10-11 ConclusionHorton and Edwards state the thesis in the last paragraph: “The intellectuals of the twenties, the sad young man, as F. Scott Fitzgerald called them, cursed their luck but didnt die; escaped but voluntarily returned; flayed the Bab

13、bits but loved their country, and in so doing gave the nation the liveliest, freshest, most stimulating in its literary experience.”Part Three Language points1. The Sad Young MenThese young intellectuals or writers were unhappy because they were disillusioned with the war that was “to make the world

14、 safe for Democracy”. They couldnt integrate themselves with the society and social life they found in post-war United States. They felt alienated from everything they saw in their homeland, so they went to Europe and lived as voluntary expatriates.2. No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more

15、commented upon and sensationally romanticized than the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation.No aspect of life in the Twenties has been more commented upon and sensationally romanticized than:sensationally romanticized: (This so called problem) was treated in a passionate, idealized manner to s

16、hock thrill and rouse the interest of people.After World War I, during 1920s, every aspect of life in the United States has been commented upon, but the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation has been commented upon more than the other aspects.二十年代社会生活的各个方面中，被人们评论得最多、渲染得最厉害的，莫过于青年一代的叛逆之行了。3. The

17、 slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the youngØ At the very mention of this post-war period, middle aged people begin to think about it longingly and young people become curious and start asking all kinds of questions.

18、16; Transferred epithet:Ø “Nostalgic” and “curious” should modify “the middle aged” and “the young” respectively.Ø 只要有只言片语提到那个时期，就会勾起中年人怀旧的回忆和青年人好奇的提问。4. the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasySpeakeasy: (Americanism) a place where alcoholic drinks are sold illegal

19、ly, esp. such a place in the U. S. during Prohibition ( the period 1923 - 33).Deliciously illicit thrill: An improper action but very enjoyable and exciting. A visit to a speakeasy was improper or prohibited because these places sold alcoholic drinks illegally. This explains the “illicit thrill”.5.

20、Puritan morality extreme or excessive strictness in matters of morals. Strict Puritans even regarded drinking, gambling and participation in theatrical performances as punishable offences. 6. the fashionable experimentations in amourtrying out new ways of lovemaking as everyone was doing at that tim

21、e7. the flask-toting "sheik," and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the "flapper" and the "drug-store cowboy.sheik: (Americanism) a masterful man to whom women are supposed to be irresistably attracted moral and stylistic vagaries: odd and eccentric dress and conduct flapp

22、er: (Americanism) in the 1920s, a young woman considered bold and unconventional in action and dress drugstore cowboy: ( Americanism) a western movie extra who loafs in front of drugstores between pictures(青年人则会问起有关那时的一些纵情狂欢的爵士舞会，)问起那成天背着酒葫芦、勾引得女人团团转的“美男子”，问起那些“时髦少女”和“闲荡牛仔”的奇装异服和古怪行为等等的情况。8. must of

23、 necessity: must because of necessity9. "no" because what seemed so wild, irresponsible, and immoral in social behavior at the time can now be seen in perspective as being something considerably less sensational than the degeneration of our jazzmad youth.v When we look back now to those da

24、ys and view things in their true relations to one another, we see that the social behaviour of the young people was not very wild, irresponsible, and immoral. Their behaviour was far from being as sensational as the degeneration of jazzmad youth. Therefore, in this sense, the answer must be “no”.v 说

25、“不对”是因为在当时的社会看来似乎是那么狂野。那么不负责任，那么不讲道德的行为，若是用今天的正确眼光去看的话，却远远没有今天的一些迷恋爵士乐的狂荡青年的堕落行为那么耸人听闻。10. logical outcomenecessary and expected result or consequence11. confine to keep or hold, restrictI wish the speaker would confine himself to the subject.我病了, 我得卧床休息。I am sick, I have to confine to bed.12. we ha

26、d reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographic protection of our two bordering oceans. to reach an international stature: to develop and grow into a nation respected and esteemed by all other nat

27、ions in the worldprovincial: narrow, limited like that of rural provinces. Here the word means narrow like that of a single country the United States.Metaphor: comparing “provincial morality” to “artificial walls” 我们所取得的国际地位使我们永远也不能再退缩到狭隘道德规范的人造围墙之后，或是躲在相邻的两大洋的地理保护之中了。13. Victorian gentility Victori

28、an: showing the middle-class respectability, prudery, bigotry, etc., generally attributed to Victorian Englandgentility: the quality of being genteel; now, specifically excessive or affected refinement and elegance14. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corpor

29、ate impersonality, and its largescale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age.roaring: (colloquial) very active or successful impersonality: the lack or absence of a personal or human character; th

30、e quality or state of not involving personal feelings or the emotions aggressive: implies a bold and energetic pursuit of ones ends, connoting, in derogatory usage, a ruthless desire to dominate, and in a favorable sense, enterprise, initiative, etc. code: any set of principles or rules of conduct:

31、a moral code美国工业的飞速发展及其所带来的庞大的、机器轰鸣的工厂的出现，社会化大生产的非人格性，以及争强好胜意识的空前高涨，使得在较为平静而少竞争的年代里所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有半点栖身之地。15. War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business

32、medium in which they were expected to battle for success.battle for success: metaphor. They had to fight as in a battle in order to become successful. With or without a war, as one generation followed another, the young people found it increasingly difficult for them to accept standards of behavior

33、that seemed in no way to be related to the noisy, busy world of business, and it was in this bustling business world that they were expected to become successful.不论是否发生战争，随着时代的变化要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了。16. catalytic agentcatalytic agent: catalyst: a person or thing acting

34、 as the stimulus in bringing about or hastening a resultSimile: the war being compared to a catalytic agent17. by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies- By throwing our young people suddenly and unexpectedly into a World War, which

35、was a form of mass murder, we released the violent energies which the young people had so far repressed战争把年轻一代一下子推向一种大规模的屠杀战场，从而使他们体内潜藏的压抑已久的狂暴力量得以释放出来18. which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society.When t

36、he war was over, the young people used their newly released violent energies, both in Europe and America, to destroy the nineteenth-century society that was getting old and becoming unacceptable.待到战争一结束，这些被释放出来的狂暴力量便在欧洲和美国掉转矛头，去摧毁那日渐衰朽的十九世纪的社会了。19. But at the same time it was tempted, in America at

37、least, to escape its responsibilities and retreat behind an air of naughty alcoholic sophistication and a pose of Bohemian immorality. air: an outward appearance; general impression or feeling given by something sophistication: the state of being artificial, worldly-wise, urbane, etc. pose: a way of

38、 behaving or speaking that is assumed for effect; pretenseBohemia is a region of Czech Republic in which the nomadic group - the Gypsies or Romany - are called "bohemians".The Bohemians and the Gypsies shared some characteristics. Both groups are known for their vagabond lifestyle, for the

39、 pursuit of freedom, for their unconventional way of living. 而与此同时，青年人- 至少美国的青年人 - 又表现出这样一种倾向：他们试图逃避自己的责任。沉溺于一种老于世故、以酒自娱的生活作风之中，装出一副波希米亚式的放荡不羁的样子。20. an escape made possible by a general prosperity and a post-war fatigue with politics, economic restrictions, and international responsibilities.The yo

40、ung people could do all these things in their attempt to escape their responsibilities because after WWI there was general prosperity in the country and people were tired of politics, economic restrictions and international responsibilities.21. and the much-publicized orgies and defiant manifestoes

41、of the intellectuals crowding into Greenwich Village gave them a pattern and a philosophic defense for their escapism.Much publicized: reported often and widely in nespapers and magazinesGreenwich Village: section of New York City, on the lower west side of Manhattan: noted as a center for artists,

42、writers etc.: formerly a village- The much publicized wild and riotous life of the intellectuals in Greenwich Village and their defiant declarations of their motives and intentions provided the young people with a philosophy that could justify their escapism.文人墨客纷纷涌人格林威治村，他们那些被大肆渲染的放纵行为和挑战性言论也为青年人的逃

43、避主义提供了一种表现形式和一套哲学辩护辞。22. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age.Metaphor: - comparing the wild

44、, riotous living of the escapists to a party and the escapists to drunken revellers. The Great Economic Depression which started in the United States in 1929 brought the young escapists back to their senses and stopped the wild, riotous lives they were living这种逃避主义者的纵情狂欢，像大多数逃避主义者的纵情狂欢一样，一直要持续到狂欢者囊空

45、如洗为止。到二十年代末世界经济结构总崩溃之时，这种狂欢宴会便告停歇，那些寻欢作乐者也只得从酣醉中清醒过来，去面对新时代的各种难题了。23. the stalemate of 1915 - 1916This refers to the stalemate on the Western Front in Europe. The battle lines remained virtually stationary for three years. By the spring of 1915, combat on the Western Front had sunk into stalemate. E

46、nemy troops stared at each other from a line of opposing trenches that stretched from the English Channel to the Swiss border. Neither opponent could outflank its enemy resulting in costly and unproductive direct attacks on well-fortified defenses. The war of movement that both sides had predicted a

47、t the beginning of the conflict had devolved into deadly stagnation.24. insolence of Germany toward the United StatesThis refers to the sinking of the Lusitania, a liner under British registration, by a German submarine on May 7, 1915. In the sinking, 1,195 persons lost their lives, of whom 128 were

48、 U. S. citizens. The considerable sympathy for Germany that had previously existed in the United States to a large extent disappeared, and there were demands from many for an immediate declaration of war. It also refers to the German announcement, at the end of 1916, that Germany would begin unrestr

49、icted submarine warfare to break British control of the seas. In protest the United States broke off relations with Germany, Feb. 1917.25. jingoism- extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially by a belligerent foreign policy 沙文主义,武力外交政策即大国主义。是国际关系中较大的国家对待较小的国家所表现出来的沙文主义倾向。主要特征为：不尊重对方的独立平等地位，

50、而是把自己的意志强加于人，甚至粗暴干涉对方的内政，侵犯对方的利益，损害对方的主权。大国沙文主义并不是某一国家特有的现象。乙国比甲国小，但是比丙国大，乙国尽管会反对甲国的大国沙文主义，却也有对丙国持大国沙文主义态度的。26. John Dos Passos and his Three SoldiersBirth date and place: January 14, 1896, in Chicago Education: at Harvard UniversityRepresentative works: One Man's Initiationó 1917 (1920) (H

51、e utilized his wartime experience as an ambulance driver in France as background for his first novel) Three Soldiers (1921) Manhattan Transfer (1925), a panoramic view of life in New York City between 1890 and 1925Dos Passos died in 1970 .27. they "wanted to get into the fun before the whole th

52、ing turned belly upfun: amusement, sport, recreation, adventure, etc. The young people, idealistic people, thought fighting in a war was something adventurous and romantic.-The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.28. magnolia-scentedThe meaning of th

53、is phrase is not clear. It may have the literal meaning of having the scent of the magnolia. The soap opera was put up by companies selling magnolia-scented soap. It may also mean “very sweet and cloying” because the magnolia flower has a very sweet scent. Finally, it may also mean “of, relating to,

54、 or resembling the south (the southern states of America) of pre-civil war days.”29. The strife of 1861 - 1865 had popularly become, in motion picture and story, a magnolia-scented soap opera, while the one hundred-days' fracas with Spain in 1898 had dissolved into a one-sided victory at Manila

55、and a cinematic charge up San Juan Hill. The civil war of 1861-1865 was always portrayed in the movies and in stories as a highly sentimental drama and the war with Spain in 1898 always ended in a scene in a movie showing the one-side victory at Manila or the Americans charging up San Juan Hill.1861

56、1865年间的那场战争早已通俗地在电影和小说中成了一部散发出木兰花香的连续剧。而1898年同西班牙之间的百日战争在影剧故事中总是被描写成美军在马尼拉大获全胜或是冲上圣胡安山顶的电影镜头式场面。30. Furthermore, there were enough high school assembly orators proclaiming the character-forming force of the strenuous life to convince more than enough otherwise sensible boys that service in the Europ

57、ean conflict would be of great personal value, in addition to being idealistic and exciting.Furthermore, many speakers at high school meetings told the boys that the hard life of the war would help to form their character. These speakers convinced more than enough these boys, who were sensible in ma

58、ny other aspects, that fighting in the European war would be of great value to them personally, in addition to being idealistic and exciting.此外，更有许多演说家们在中学生集会上大肆渲染战场上的紧张生活在培养性格方面的力量，使得那些本来还算有头脑的年轻小伙子们都信以为真，以为到欧洲战场上去服役不仅是一件令人兴奋的理想化的美事，而且具有巨大的人生价值。31. "intellectuals"Q: Why is “intellectuals” put in the quotes? “Intellectuals” is put in quotes to show that they were college-age students who considered themselves to be intellectuals and would be writers or those who had intellectual