2020版高考英语二轮复习专题强化练五含解析

1、专题强化练（五）阅读七选五Passage1（2019山东临沂高三模拟）ThemanwhocouldseethefutureTheabilitytopredictthefutureisararetalent.AmericanauthorIsaacAsimov（19201992） ,oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,hadsuchatalent.1_Nowthatwerehere,letsseewhathegotright.2_Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletothein

2、dustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentury.Specifically,hesaidthat“mobilecomputerizedobjects“wouldbeanimportantpartofeverydaylife.Here,heclearlypredictedourworldofsmartphones,tablesandotherdevices.Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration.3_HowdidAsimovdevelophisspecialsenseoffuturedevelopments?_4_Herea

3、dthenewspapersandmagazinessoldinhisparentscandystore.HisscientificinterestgainedsharperfocusatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork.Asimovwenttostudychemistry,butbecameboredwithpurelaboratoryscience.Instead,hethoughthardaboutthesocialimplications（作用）ofscience.Hewantedtocommunicatehisideastothepublic._5_Asimov

4、hadhisfingeronthepulse（脉搏）ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGalacticEmpireseries（银河帝国系列）.HispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinatingCalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.Hewasagenius.A. Asasmartboy,Asimovtaughthimselftoreadattheage

5、offive.B. Spaceexplorationreallycanmakeourlifemoreconvenientandcomfortable.C. Backin1983,hewasaskedtopredictwhattheworldwouldlooklikein2019.D. Ontherolethatcomputingwouldplayinthefuture,hewasamazinglyaccurate.E. Asimovhasdevelopedagreatinterestincomputerprogrammingsincechildhood.F. Asanauthor,hisboo

6、kswouldfeaturethethemeofsocialchangecausedbytechnology.G. TheInternationalSpaceStationproveshispredictionthatwewouldnotsimplyvisitspacebutseektostaythere.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了科幻大师阿西莫夫和他的预言的准确性以及他是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。1.解析：由aAmericanauthorIsaacAsimov（19201992） ,oneofthegreatsciencefictionwritersofhisage,ha

7、dsuchatalent.1_Nowthatwerehere,letsseewhathegotright.”可知，美国作家艾萨克阿西莫夫（19201992）是他那个时代最伟大的科幻作家之一，他有这样一种天赋。以及后文“让我们看看他预测对了什么”可推知，空格处在本段中起承上启下的作用。故 C 选项“早在 1983 年，他就被要求预测 2019 年的世界会是什么样子”承上启下。故 C 选项切题。答案：C2.解析：由“Asimovthoughtcomputerswouldcausearevolutioncomparabletotheindustrialrevolutionofthe19thcentu

8、ry”可知，阿西莫夫认为计算机将引发一场与 19 世纪工业革命相当的革命，根据第一段可知，下面是讲阿西莫夫预测的结果，故 D 选项“关于计算机在未来将所扮演的角色。他惊人准确地预测了”是说明他预测的计算机的结果，与本段内容符合，故 D 选项切题。答案：D3.解析：由“Healsohadagreatdealtosayaboutspaceexploration”可知，关于太空探索，他也预测了。所以空格处要接着说他预言的结果。故 G 选项“国际空间站证明了他的预言，我们不仅要拜访太空，还要设法留在那里”与太空探索相关，且是预测结果。故 G 选项切题。答案：G4.解析： 由“Hereadthenews

9、papersandmagazinessoldinhisparentscandystore”可知， 他读了父母糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。所以空格处要与下一句一起来说明阿西莫夫是如何培养他对未来发展的特殊意识的。故 A 选项“作为一个聪明的孩子，阿西莫夫在五岁时就开始自学”承上启下。故 A 选项切题。答案：A5.解析：由“Asimovhadhisfingeronthepulse（脉搏）ofbothscientificandsocialchange.HehadaclearvisionofwhatwascomingaroundthecornerforhumanityinhisworksliketheGa

10、lacticEmpireseries（银河帝国系列）.Hispredictionsareabsolutelyfascinating,CalumChase,anEnglishwriter,toldBBCNews.Hewasagenius.（阿西莫夫将手指放在科学和社会变革的脉搏上。他在银河帝国系列等作品中清楚地呈现了人类即将面临的困境。英国作家卡鲁姆蔡斯对英国广播公司说：“他是个天才。”）可知，本段主要在说作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题，故 F选项“作为一名作家，他的书以科技引起的社会变革为主题”是本段主题句。故 F 选项切题。答案：FPassage2（2019河南新乡高三质量检

11、测）WhyStandinLineonBlackFriday?Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Atrestaurant._1_ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed（认领）weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets._2_“Thesequeuesarequitedifferentthantheusu

12、alannoyingoneswecomeacrossdaytodayattheATMorinthesubway；saidRichardLarson,aprofessoratMITwhohasspentyearsstudyinglinebehavior.Onceayear,“hesaid,“thelinesareexciting.Theyrethekindyoumighttellyourgrandchildrenabout.”3_BillieLeClere,45,wasfirstinlineonThursdayatWalmartinManchester,Iowa.Shesaidshewasare

13、gularBlackFridayshopper.Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.Sheandherhusbandhadrecentlyseparated,andhehadtakentheoldTVearlierthatday.Themarriagedied,nottheTV,“shesaid._4_Itsgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthatsneweranditsmine,nothis.”_5_Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.Th

14、e“gottahaveit”atmospheremakespeoplemoreanxious.Sometimesthebehaviourofthequeueturnsviolent.Therefore,linestestpatience,personalspaceespeciallyonBlackFriday,whenthecrowdscanbeoverwhelming（势不可挡的）.A.Shoppersareexcitedtobuygifts.B.ButonBlackFriday,itsanexperience.C. Moreover,thecrowdsarequeuingforgoodde

15、als.D. Manyfamiliesarequeuingtochatwitheachother.E.Theexperiencegaveherasenseofaccomplishment.F.Theyaretryingtoturntheexperienceintoanadventure.GThebehaviourofpeopleinlineshasinspireddecadesofresearch.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们为什么要在黑色星期五排队。1 .解析：根据前面Standinginlineisapain.Atthepostoffice.Attheboxoffice.A

16、tarestaurant.（排队是一种痛苦。在邮局、在售票处、在餐馆），可知，这里为转折关系。但在黑色星期五，这是一种体验。故选Bo答案：B2 .解析：根据前面“ThefirstspotoutsidesomeBestBuystoresisusuallyclaimed（认领）weeksinadvance,oftenbyapersoninatent.ShoppersatWalmartwillprintoutmapsofthestore,withcirclesaroundtheirprimarytargets.”所举的百思买和theboxoffice.At沃尔玛两个例子可知，他们（购买者）试图把这次

17、经历变成一次冒险。故选 F。答案：F3.解析：根据后面举的例子及Butthisyear,shecamewithaspecificpurpose:togetagooddealonanewTV.（但今年，她带着一个明确的目标来了：买一台便宜的新电视。）中的关键词 agooddeal 提示可知，此外，人们正在排队买便宜货。故选Q答案：C4 .解析：根据前句“Themarriagedied,nottheTV,shesaid.（她说：婚姻结束了，而不是电视。“）和后句Itsgoingtobenicetohavesomethingthatsnewer-anditsmine,nothis.（要是能有个新鲜点

18、的东西就好了而且是我的，不是他的）可知，这次（购物）经历给了她一种成就感。故选 E。答案：E5 .解析：这里是本段的主题句。根据后句Thefollowingaretwoofthetypicalresults.”下面是两个典型的结果，可知，排队的人的行为引起了几十年的研究。故选 G答案：GPassage3（2019山东青岛高三模拟）Weallhavedays,orevenweeks,onthejobwhenourproductivitydeclines.Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyourewastingtim

19、eratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand._1_TurnoffyourcellphoneIfyoureeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone._2_.Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.OrganizeyourcalendarItseasytowastetimewhenyoudonthaveapresetscheduleoutliningyourdaysatwork.Butifyoureguiltyofnotmaximizingyourtimeattheoffice,

20、itllhelptocreateadailycalendarwithblocksoftimeforvarioustasks.Organizeyourspace3.Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.Throwawaypapersyoudontneed,fileessentialdocumentsinsomesortoforder,andmakeyoursuppliesmoreaccessible.BuildinbreaksSometimeswewastetimeatworkbytalkingtocolleagues,chec

21、kingtextmessages,orsurfingtheinternetbecauseourmindsneedabreakfromtheconstantwork.Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyoudbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise._4Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenoticeandthatsagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobat

22、risk._5_Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.A. Askyourmanagerforpermissiontousehisoffice.B. Hereareafewstepsyoucantaketostopwastingtimeatwork.C. Instead,cleanupyouractandkeepsearchingforwaystobemoreefficient.D. Givefamilymembersandclosefriendsawaytoreachyouinanemergency.E. Conversationsintheofficearef

23、armoreinterestingthantheworkyouaredoing.F. Amessyworkplacecanmakeyouinefficientevenwhenyouretryingtodobetter.GThisway,youllgetthatneedoutofyoursystemsoyoucanthengobacktoconcentrating.【语篇解读】本文是一篇社会类说明文。工作效率太低怎么办？试试这 4 种方法。1.解析：根据前句Butifyouroutputhasbeensteadilydecreasing,itcouldbebecauseyourewastingt

24、imeratherthanfocusingonkeytasksathand.”但如果你的产出效率在持续下降，可能是因为你在浪费时间而非专注于手头上的重要工作，及下文内容可知，这里为承上启下句，这有一些建议可以使你在工作中减少时间的浪费。故选Bo答案：B2.解析：根据前句Ifyoureeagertostopwastingtimeattheoffice,silenceyourcellphone.（当你不想在办公室继续浪费时间，那就关掉你的手机）和后句Turnonyourphoneonlyduringbreaks.（只在休息时间打开手机），可知，在紧急情况下，给你的家人和亲密的朋友一个联系你的方法。

25、故选Do答案：D3.解析：根据小标题 Organizeyourspace（整理你的空间），和后句Ifyourdeskisinamess,carveoutsometimetogetitorganized.（如果你的办公桌舌 1 糟糟的，挤出点时间把它整理一下），可知，即使你想做得更好，但凌乱的工作环境会让你效率低下。故选 F。答案：F4.解析：根据前句Ifthatsoundslikeyou,thenyoudbetterschedulesomebreaksduringthedaybutpoweringthroughotherwise.”可知如果这听起来像你（的情况），那么你最好安排一些休息时间，这

26、样，你就可以得到休息，同时也可以重新集中注意力。故选 G答案：G5.解析：根据前句Themoretimeyouwasteatwork,themoreyourmanagerandpeersarelikelytotakenoticeandthatsagoodwaytohurtyourreputationandputyourjobatrisk.（你在工作中浪费的时间越多，你的经理和同事就越容易注意到这是一个伤害你声誉和使你的工作处于危险中的好方法），和后句Doingsomightsaveyoufromabusynight.（这样做可能会让你从忙碌的夜晚中解脱出来）,可知，相反，清理你的行为，继续寻找

27、更有效的方法。故选Co答案：CPassage4（2019深圳高三调研）LearntoCiteSources（引用资料）Duringyouruniversityeducation,youllbeexposedtoideasandscientifictheoriesofscholarsandscientists.Unavoidably,yourownideaswillbeshapedbytheideasyoucomeacross._1_Thatmeansyoushouldgobeyondwhatyoulearninyourtextbooksorinthelibrary.Youroriginalwo

28、rkisthebasisforyourprofessorsevaluationofyourperformance.Thus,academichonestyisfundamentalinyouruniversityeducation.Itdemandsthatyoucitethesourcematerialsyoubaseyourownworkon._2_Correctlycitingyoursourceshelpsyoudistinguishyourownideasfromthoseofotherscholars.Onthereadersside,itpermitsareadertodeter

29、minethedepthofyourresearch._3_Onthecontrary,lackofcitingwillonlyraiseyourreadersdoubt.Soyouneedtolearnwhentociteandhowtoprovideanadequateoraccuratereferencelist.Ifyoufailtociteyoursources,whetherdeliberatelyorcarelessly,youwillbefoundresponsibleforplagiarism（抄袭）._4_Ifyouarenotsure,askyourprofessorfo

30、rguidancebeforesubmittingthepaperorreport.Keepinmindthisgeneralrule:whenindoubt,cite!_5_Forexample,studentsfromEastAsiamaythinkthatcopyingdirectlyfromsourcesistheproperwaytodoresearch.StudentsinFrance,preparingforthefinalexamination,maybeencouragedtomemorizewholepassagesandcopythemintopapers.Thosecu

31、lturaldifferencescanleadtofalseassumptionsaboutacademicexpectationsinthecountryyoustudyin.A.Someuniversitystudentsmaycheatindifferentways.B.Theseincludeotherscholarsideas,figures,graphsandsoon.C. Theacademicchallengeyoufaceistomakesomethingoriginal.D. Often,studentswanttouseothersopinionstosupporttheirownessays.E.Italsoallowsareadertoappreciateyouroriginalcontributiontotheresearch.F.Forinternationalstude