2020年领军高考英语必考点全梳理专题01名词(精讲深剖)(原卷版)

1、专题 01 名词真题速递21I.单句语法填空1 .（ 2019? 全国卷 I ） In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a （believe） that populations are increasing.2 . （ 2019? 全国卷 III）When they were free from work ， they invited us to local events and let

2、 us know of an interesting（compete）to watch ， together with the story behind it.3 .（ 2019? 浙江卷 ）Other American studies showed no （connect） between uniforms and school performance.4 . （ 2018 6 月浙江高考）Making Chinese（ dish）is seen as especially troublesome.5（ 2017? 全国卷 I ） This trend， which was started

3、by the medical community（ 医学界）as a method of fightingheart disease has had some unintended side（ effect） such as overweight and heart disease -the verything the medical community was trying to fight.6 （ 2016? 全国卷I ）The nursery team switches him every few（day ） with his sister so that while oneis bei

4、ng bottle-fed, the other is with mum-she never suspects.II 单句改错1 .（2019?全国卷I） To everyones surprising, the ball went into the net.2 .（2019?全国卷II ） Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I wouldlike to do.3 .（2019?全国卷III）I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.4（. 2018? 全国卷I）

5、Last winter when I went there again ， they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.5 .（ 2018? 全国卷）At that moment, I remembered at m father once said, “ The classroom is a place for learningand that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.”6 .（ 2016? 全国卷）The teenage year fro

6、m13to19 were the most difficult time for me.高考对名词词义辨析以及习惯搭配用法的考查将仍然是重点。名词除了独立考查其词义辨析外，还常结合其他项目一起考查，题型以单项填空、短文改错、完形填空及单词拼写等形式出现，考查要点主要包括：1 考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。名词词义辨析包括同义词辨析、近义词辨析、同形词辨析和不同词义的名词在语境中的辨析。另外，高考还考查容易混淆的名词的辨形、辨义以及名词的惯用法等。2考查名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。3考查名词的“旧词新意”和 “

7、名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。如：shelter n庇护，避难所 vt.保护，躲避，避难；storm n. 暴风雨，大动荡 vi.&vt. 横冲直撞，猛攻； shoulder n. 肩，肩膀，肩部vt. 肩负，承担；trail n 小径，痕迹vt. 追踪。【谨记规则】 可数名词有单复数形式，而不可数名词通常没有复数形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人 或事物用复数。构情况成方读音例词法一般情况加清map maps 地图-s辅bag - bags 书包/袋子音car cars 小汽车后book-books 书/s/； 浊 辅音和 元音 后读

8、/z/apple-apples 苹果pen-pens鸟bird-birds 钢笔tree-trees 树 girl-girls 女孩以s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加-es-es读/iz/bus buses 公共汽车 class - classes 课box boxes 盒子 watch - watches 手表 brush - brushes 刷子 dish-dishes 盘子 /一碟菜以 -f 或 -fe 结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加-es-ves读/vz/wife-wives 妻子leaf leaves 树叶shelf-shelves 架子knife - knives 小刀wo

9、lf-wolves 狼thief thieves 贼 /小偷half-halves 半life lives 生命记忆口诀：妻子用树架小刀将贼和狼劈成2 半结束它们的生命以元音字母 + y 结 尾的名词(a,e,i, o,u)直-sboy-boys 男孩day-days接加-s读/z/天monkey monkeys 猴子holiday holidays 假日toy-toys 玩具key-keys 钥匙 /【答案】记忆口诀：男孩和猴子天天在节假日玩玩具和钥匙以辅音字母 + y 结 尾的非专有名词a,e,i ,o, u变y为i再加es-s读/z/baby babies 婴儿 /宝贝story sto

10、ries 故事factory-factories 工厂city-cities 城市library-libraries 图书馆family-families 家庭hobby-hobbies 业余爱好以辅音字母 + 0 结 尾的名词一般加-es-es读/z/Negro-Negroes 黑人 hero heroes 英雄 tomato tomatoes 西红柿 potato potatoes 土豆 mango-mangoes 芒果 记忆口诀：黑人英雄喜欢 吃西红柿，土豆还有芒果以元音字母 + 0 结 尾的以及外来名词加-s-s读/z/zoo - zoos 动物园photo-photos 照片 kan

11、garoo-kangaroos 袋鼠 bamboo bamboos 竹子radio radios 收音机piano-pianos 钢琴记忆口诀：（动物园）（照片）中的（袋鼠）可以用（竹子）听（收音机）和弹（钢琴）保deer-deer 鹿单复数同形名词持sheep-sheep 绵羊不fish-fish 鱼变people-people 人 /人们Chinese-Chinese 中国人English 英国人Japanese-Japanese日本人Vietnamese- Vietnamese越南人Swiss 瑞士人Portuguese 葡萄牙人Lebanese 黎巴嫩人记忆口诀：草原上吃草两种动物：鹿

12、和绵羊水里游的鱼；中日英三国家人；越，瑞，葡，黎4四国家人表示某国人名词的复数直human-humans（人，人类）接German-Germans（ 德国人）加Russian-Russian（俄罗斯s人）American-Americans（ 美国人）Italian-Italians （意大利人）Indian-Indians （印度人）Canadian-Canadians（加拿大）Australian-Australians （澳大）Swede-Swedes（瑞典人）记忆口诀：人类/德国俄，美，意，印，加，瑞复数加S无连字号复合名词以mooncake-mooncakes（月后饼）面bookca

13、se-bookcase（s 书橱）名armchair-armchairs（轮椅）词toothpick-toothpicks （牙变签）复housewife-housewives（ 家数庭主妇）规gentleman-gentlemen（绅律士）保bookshelf-bookshelves （书持架）一stopwatch-stopwatches（秒致表）wineglass-wineglasses（酒杯）birthday-birthdays（ 生日 ）blackboard-blackboards（ 黑板）greenhouse-greenhouses（温室）【考题印证】单句语法填空1.（2018 全国

14、卷 I ） Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all（cause）.2（ 2017? 全国卷）In1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for ju

15、stunder seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible（crowd） on the roads above as they travelledto and from work.单句改错1 .（ 2018 全国卷 II ） After supper ， we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.2 .（ 2017? 全国卷 I） The instructor kept repeating the word,！ ”“ “ p Seelodwu dpow！ n”

16、“Turn le！ ft”二、抽象名词具体化抽象名词是表示状态、品质、情感等而没有实物的名词。抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前面可加不定冠词，用来强调其具体表现形式或表示某一次短暂的动作，常意为“一次 的事情；一个 的人；一种 的东西 ”。如：抽象名词具体意义success成功a success成功的人或事failure 失败a failure 失败的人或事pleasure 乐趣a pleasure令人高兴的事pity 同情a pity 令人遗憾的事relief 宽慰a relief 令人宽慰的事2016. 全国卷）But for tourists like me ， pandas are i

17、ts top （attract）两man teacher-men teachers单词意义短语、例句advice建议give sb. some advice on sth.者都（男老师）woman doctor-womenequipmenta set of equipmentexperience经验 （注：“经历 ”可数）Mr. Li has much teaching experience.exercise锻炼 （注：“练习 ”可数）take exercisefun开心、快乐的事What fun it is to do sth.!furniture家具a set of furniturene

18、ws/information/word消息，新闻Word came that he won thefirst prize in the match.baggage/luggage行李a piece of baggage/luggageprogress进步make great/rapid/some/noprogress in sth.practice练习Practice makes perfect.work工作weather天气applause掌声a burst of applause 一阵掌声wealth财富，富裕friendship友谊energy精力homework家庭作业knowledg

19、e知识nature自然luck运气doctors（女医生）男人/女人做定语修饰名词，两者都需要变复数health健康technology技能courage勇气help帮助hope希望food食物wood木材scenery风景jewelry珠宝poetry诗歌evidence证据【考题印证】单句改错1. （2019. 开封模拟）Why not come and join us if you want know more informations about our future spaceschools?2. （2016.全国卷II）If we go on a trip abroad,we ca

20、n broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get frombooks.考点精讲语法填空解题“三定向 ”一 . 根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式( 1 )不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式;(2) 有 these,those,several,all,many,both,a pair of,a variety of,different,a few 等修饰可数名词时名词用复数形；( 3)名词前有one of， among 时用名词复数形式。【思路点拨】1. The team who won the three world(championship)

21、would always get this cup.2. Interested in their work, she picked up a pair of(scissor).3. During the festival ,which lasts threes or four days,people are dressed in their best clothes and participated a variety of rich and colorful(activity).4. Although they are seen as companions and part of the f

22、amily today, China and Western countries have different cultural(belief) about dogs.5. Above all, commercial interests often outweigh educational(complaint) about the unbearableadvertisements.6. Going to Cambridge University was a dream of mine, for it is one of the top( university) in theworld.7. I

23、 decided to label one of my small( purse) which I actually had with me that day, with her name,along with some some cash inside and an encouraging note.二 . 根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式名词作主语时，如果一般在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要虑用名词的复数形式。【思路点拨】1. While here are amazing stories of instant transformation,for most of us, the(cha

24、nge) are gradual andrequire a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.2. Recent(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.三 . 根据常识和句意确定名词的单复数形式表示两个(武两个以上)的可数名词及并列名词时，名词需数形式【思路点拨】1.Tim and his team set out to seek the effects of phone use

25、on(passer- by).2.1 t thinks that Chinglish may hurt peoples ability to speak standard English and make it hard for them to communicate with(foreigner).3. Unable to express himself easily in conversation, he uses a special typewriter to write letters to his friends, and beautiful( poem).三招巧解短文改错解题一 .

26、 分清名词单复数看到several， a few， many， one of, a number of， large number of， a great many等和具体数字（two， three）等时，要想到其后的名词应用复数形式。l. The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.1. It is not easy for our parent to bring us up.2. I failed to respond to their question.3. The teac

27、hers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.4. Due to some rich tourist attraction, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they cannot only appreciate the beautiful scenery,but also enjoy the delicious food.二明了不可数名词看到 information ， evidence，advice， baggage， news， homework

28、， work ， fun ， progress， knowledge, furniture,luggage, strength 等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式【思路点拨】1 .He has much knowledges and his teaching method is scientific.2 .Looking at the spot where he thought the flywas again,he was so angry that he slapped it with all his strengths.3 .A lot of informations can be

29、 stored in it.4 .She s getting married next month and decides to buy some decorations and furnitures.三注意词性错误看到冠词、形容词性物主代词、介词或及物动词（短语），要想到后跟名词形式。1.I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.2.Firstly, it is of vital important to have a positive attitude.3.I restart

30、ed to pick up my confident again.模拟训练单句语法填空1. （山东省安丘市、诸城市、 五莲县、兰山区 2019 届高三 4 月模拟训练英语试题）A collection of short （essay）, Writing in the Margins of Life , was published in 1941.2 .（哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019 年高三第二次联合模拟考试）Throughout thebuffet dinner, we enjoyed several fantastic （perform）.3 .（吉林省名校2019 届高三下

31、学期第一次联合模拟考试）The colour comes from the wooden （container） in which the whisky is stored for several years4 . （ 2019 年东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟试卷（一） Even the second class （chair） provide plentyof space.5 . （吉林省辽源市普通高中2019 届高三第二次模拟考试）Co-sponsored by AESA, America East ShandongChamber of Commerce and Confucius Ed

32、ucation Foundation Inc, the festival （feature） recitation ofthe “ Di Zi Gui.6 .（辽宁省葫芦岛市2019 届高三下学期第一次模拟考试）The robots s ensors can detect （object） andquickly get out of the way.7 .（山东省淄博市高三第一次模拟考试英语试题）People rushed to get free （ticket）online ， for the rarenight-time opening ，8 .（山东省泰安市2019 届高三第一次模拟考试

33、）Like the nearby Huangjuewan Overpass ， in Chongqing, thisincredibly complex infrastructure project has been labelled a nightmare for （motorist） trying to find their wayaround.9 .（ 山东省济南市2019 届高三第一次模拟考试）Fairy tale writer Hans Christian Andersen liked to cut _65_（character）， such as princesses and an

34、gels，10 （ 2019 年大连市高三第一次模拟考试）Even the second class （chair） provide plenty of space.11 .（广东省2019 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟试卷（一）“ Alcohol is something that everyonethought harmful for（ decade）, but no one has scientifically demonst rated it, ” a professor wrote in a pressrelease.12 . （湖南省岳阳市2019 届高三第二次模拟考试）No

35、 problem, this smartwatch can get through without so manyas nicks （刻痕 ） or （scratch）.13 . （山东省日照市2019 届高三第一次模拟考试）From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts ，it s no wonder it is one of China s most _p_o_p_u_la_r（ spcoetn）i.c14 . （咸阳市2019 年高考模拟检测（二）Every year around Valentine s Day,

36、men begin to worry about what（present） to buy 单句改错1. （哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019 年高三第一次联合模拟考试）Cloning humans canbring negative effects and wrong informations.2. （哈师大附中东北师大附中辽宁省实验中学2019 年高三第二次联合模拟考试）I am sure that yourinvolvement will not only help us win the award and also strengthen the friendship betw

37、een our school.3（山东省安丘市、.诸城市、 五莲县、 兰山区 2019届高三 4月模拟训练英语试题）As far as I know, Peter is alwaysin poor health, so he should take more exercises by riding a bike to have his body build up.We each spent several classes make a paper maskWith a little of bit of patience and communication ， many ofI am writing to offer my sincere congratulation.To express our thank for your excellent teaching in our school ，It is advisable to participate in different kind of activities ,I saw a mother