专题01阅读理解-五年(2016-2020)新课标卷高考英语试题研究

1、4 >01闵裱理斛阅读理解在新课标卷高考英语试题中占30分，是整张卷的五分之一，其比重之大，可想而知，做好阅读理解，其他试题也就会相应地做得很好。我们首先来分析一下近三年（20162020年）阅读理解命题考点情况:类型卷】2016A记叙文267主要介绍几位著名的女性，她们在各自的领域做出了非凡的贡献。细节理解题10推理判断题3词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B议论文287介绍社会上很多老年人搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。C记叙文262作者在一次运送造血干细胞途中的一段经历。D说明文327沉默在不同文化背景下的不同内涵。2017A应用文231购物中心 Pacific Science Cente

2、r细节理解题6推理判断题5观点态度题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1写作意图题1B记叙文296救助一只小猫头底的故事C说明文352据士乐问题D说明文315自制太阳能蒸镯器的方法201SA应用文270Washington. DC旅游的四种路线细节理解题8推理判断题2词义猜测题1观点态度题1主旨大意题2B说明文270绍r一档英国系列电视节目C说明文304随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因D说明文363新旧电子设备的差别写作意图题12019A应用文256省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。细节理解题7推理判断题5词义猜测题1段落大意题1标题归纳题1B记叙文300Thomas Wh

3、aley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展r一个演讲课程C说明文243新的科技一智能健盘，它能给e-space用户带来安全，而且这项技术也不贵。D议论文351对别人好，讨人喜欢对人生活的各个方面有深远的有益影响。202() ；|A应用文219火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息细节理解题8推理判断题4词义猜测题1段落大意题1标题归纳题1B说明文298重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍r 作者每年重读的三木书。作者鼓励读者去 重新阅读书籍。C说明文311竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受 过伤的人，要想从事这样运动要连慎，最 好咨询专家的建议。D.七332绿色植物对人们

4、很有好处,因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。卷112016A应用文281四则广告的具体内容及细节信息细节理解题8推理判断题4代词指代题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题1B记叙文280通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。C说明文249BookC所进行的分享图书活动的目的及具体过程D记叙文278Frank的图片记录一次海难2017A应用文306莎士比亚剧木佣译及上演细节理解题5推理判断题5代词指代题1写作意图题1B记叙文289作者与Paul的友谊C说明文307Terrafugia公司研制出飞行汽车D说明文293植物在受到昆虫的攻击时自我保护主旨大意题2词义猜测题12018A应用文2

5、84家长和孩子一起挑选可以参加的活动细节理解题6推理判断题5文堂出处题1词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B说明文268水果营养丰富且对人体有益C说明文300青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣减少D议论文330减少手机使用、熠加与人谈话2019A应用文242作家Jo Usmar最喜欢的书籍细节理解题8推理判断题4词义猜测题1标题归纳题1主旨大意题1B记叙文312作者成功说服一个家长参加忐愿者团 队，作为一名忐愿者作者发挥r自己的作 用，并获得了快乐。C说明文334介绍了目前社会独自吃饭的趋势发展明显，很多人想多点儿自己的时间。D说明文272戈登和他的学生研究在国际空间站克服微生物的问题。卷n2020A应用文

6、278是湖区景点指南，介绍r几个主要的景点的特色，地点和参观时间。细节理解题7推理判断题4词义猜测题2标题归纳题1主旨大意题1B说明文246是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍r 研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。C说明文330美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办r不同寻常 的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸 鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地,因此设计 师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对 海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。D夹叙夹议文344作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热史读 书.第一份工作在图书馆。有/孩子以后， 一家人去图书馆读书,阅读的习惯代代传 承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家 支持图书馆，宣传图书馆。卷

7、HI2016A应用文195介绍五个与音乐有关的活动细节理解题7推理判断题4写作意图题1词义猜测题1代词指代题1主旨大意题1B记叙文325一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生的故事。C说明文278介绍了一个节日Apple Day。D说明文346好消息比坏消息传得更快、更远，越积极乐观的消息越容易被大众分享。2017A应用文252美国旧金山的四个旅游活动和路线细节理解题5推理判断题7词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B记叙文282一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售C说明文295美国黄石公园重新引进灰狼的故事D说明文334科研人员研制出DriveLAB,目的是能够帮助他们延长驾龄，

8、从而保持积极、健康的生活方式2018A应用文197去Holker Hall& Garden旅游的相关信息细节理解题10推理判断题2词义猜测题1主旨大意题2B说明文316Dawson城市的发展原因、过程与现状C新闻报道372中国建筑设计师王湖获得r建筑界的诺贝尔奖一普利策奖D说明文307引导孩子主动捐献玩具，并从玩耍简的玩具中获得快乐的做法2019A应用文191一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映细节理解题10推理判断题3词义猜测题1标题归纳题2B说明文286中国文化对世界时尚园的影响，中国年轻 的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被 认可。中国成r世界时尚的风向标。C说明文29219世纪报纸的改革发展

9、之路。D说明文319研究发现：猴子可以进行基本的加法运算。卷in2020A应用文238介绍门四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。细节理解题7推理判断题4B新闻报道247报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公 众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感 谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时,没有使用 真的类人猿。词义猜测题4主旨大意题2C说明文320在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费 用,而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险,越 来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现多世 同堂的现象。D说明文305最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的 进化不仅仅发生在数十亿年前，而且最近 几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生,他 们的

10、身体已经进化成更能适应海洋生活。近三年全国课标卷阅读选材地道，贴近学生实际，体裁多样。住选材上保持了知识性、趣味性强， 信息量不是很大，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛的特点，彰显文化特色，考查考生快速获取、处理、分 析信息的能力。4篇文章按难度渐进排列，阅读总量1100-1200词（不含选项）之间，细节题多于推断题试 题数量。一、阅读理解之细节理解题规律方法1:如何解决事实细节题？做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定答案.此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。规律方法2：如何解决细节转换题？细行理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意

11、转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。1 .语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这类题 目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。2 .图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可采 用"文字锁定法"，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互相 验证，便可确定正确答案。规律方法3：如何解决数字计算题？先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。1 .仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。2

12、 .仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。3 .运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。规律方法4：如何解决细节排序题？做此类题目可采用"首尾定位法"，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范 困，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索：如果是说 明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索：如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高 考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。/真题回顾三典例一（2020新课标全国卷III, A）Journey Back in Time with ScholarsClassical Provence

13、（ 13days）Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provencef France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Reids of flowers, tile-roofed（瓦屋顶）villages and ta

14、sty meals enrich this wonderful experience.Southern Spain（15days）Spain has lovely white towns and the scent（芳香）of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Tole

15、do, Roman Merida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.China's Sacred Landscapes(21 days)Discover the China of past ages, its walled cities> temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp.Highlights（精彩之处）inchide China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai a

16、nd Hangzbou,s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.Tunisia（17days）Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidia

17、n capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.21. What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?A. Historical monuments.B. Fields of

18、 flowers.C. ran Gogh's pamtings.D. Greek buildings.22. Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about?A. France.B. Spain.C. China.D. Tunisia.23. Which of the following highlight the Tunisian tour?A. White towns. B. Underground cities. C. Tile-roofed villages. D. Rolling hills.【文章大意】这是一篇应用

19、文。文章主要介绍了四个国家中，那些可以让人们回顾过去的著名景点。21 .A 细节理解题.根据第一部分的 We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.（我 们将参观一些世界上保存最完好的罗马建筑遗迹）和第二部分的we explore historical monuments and architecture.（我们探索历史遗迹和建筑）可知,在Classical Provence和Southern Spain游客们可以参观历史遗 迹。A. Historical monuments （历史遗迹）符合以上说

20、法，故选A项。22 .C 推理判断题。根据第三部分的 China's Sacred Landscapes （21days）（中华神山 21 天）和 Discover the China of Hpast ages”, its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery1 with Prof Robert Thorp. Highlights include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou*s rolling hills, waterways and peaceful

21、 temples （和 Robert 教授一起 发现中国的过去，有增的城巾、寺庙和山景。精彩之处包括中国最神圣的泰山之巅，杭州起伏的群山、运 河和宁静的寺庙）可知，去中国的神山之行总共有27天，而且Thorp对中国的名山非常了解。由此推测Thorp 在这四个国家里最了解中国。C. China（中国）符合以上说法，故选C项。23 . B 细节理解题o 根据第四部分的 Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Mumidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and

22、 the remote areas around Taraounine and Matmata, unique for underground cities.（突尼斯的旅游亮点包括罗马城市Dougga,地下城市Mumidian,它是Bulla Regia的首府，Roman Sbeitla 以及在Taraounine和Matmata附近的区域，它们是独特的地下城后）可知，突尼斯的旅游亮点是地下城市。B. Underground cities（地卜城市）符合以上说法，故选B项。典例二（2017新课标全国卷n, A）Need a Job This Summer?The provincial gove

23、rnment and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start busin

24、esses all year round.Jobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.Summer CompanySummer Compa

25、ny provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.Stewardship Youth Ranger ProgramYou could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natura

26、l resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of sum

27、mer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.21. What is special about Summer Company?A. It requires no training befor

28、e employment.B. It provides awards for ninning new businesses.C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.D. It offers more summer job opportunities.22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A. 15-18.B. 15-24.C. 15-29.D. 16-17.23. Which program favors the disable

29、d?A. Jobs for Youth.B. Summer Company.C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.D. Summer Employment Opportunities.【语篇解读】本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工 作。1 1.B【解析】细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 部分中的 “Summer Company provides studentswith .awards of up to $ 3.000 to start and run their own summer business

30、es ” 可Ml u Summer Company 为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务"。"start and run their own summer businesses”即"为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的urunn new businessesM ,二者是词 义之间的转述关系。故选B.22 .D 解析】细在理解题。根据 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分中的第二段 “Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but no

31、t turning 18 before December 31 this year.” 可知“符合条件的学生： 16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17 岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。23 .D【解析】细行理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句"Who is eligible: .Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”，

32、可知 Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。二、阅读理解篇之推理判断题推理判断题的设题形式有很多，不同的题型对应不同的技巧。如下表所示：推断内容考查点解题方法推断隐含含义考查考生透过词语的字面 意思去理解作者的意外之 意或弦外之音的能力1.跳读，找到相关信息点（推理的依据）：2.细读，理解相关 信息点的字面意义：3.结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础 上进行符合逻辑的推断，理解作者的言外之意。推断写作考查考生根据短文内容推断作者写该文幸的目的的根据文体的特点和用途来推断作者的写作目的：1.记叙文，特 别是个人的有趣

33、经历或幽默故事类的文章娱乐读者；2.意图能力夹叙夹议文让读者得到某种启示或教育：3.广告和议论 文说服读者接受某种产品、服务或接受某种观点；4.科 普说明文或新闻报道告知读者某些信息。推断下段内容、文章出处考查考生通过阅读材料，预 测内容及推断材料的来源 的能力1.根据文章的内容或结构来推断；2.根据各种文体的特征来 判断其出处：如广告的用词和格式非常特殊，因此容易辨认： 报纸的前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称：产品说明的特 点也比较明显，一般会介绍其名称、作用、操作方式等。推断目标读者考查考生根据短文内容推 断此悬文幸主要是写给谁 看的能力根据文学内容，特别是从作者使用的词语和语气来判断。夕

34、真题回顾三典例一（2018,新课标II卷,C）Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remams a big part of many children's lives, and

35、 indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report's key findmgs, k the proportion （比例）who say they "hardly ever' read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds m 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today."

36、;The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 28, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does

37、little to counsel（建议）parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents servin

38、g as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.

39、As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom（遥近）ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Childreii s readmg habits.

40、B. Quality of children s books.C. Children's after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun”?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limi

41、t electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children's health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask then to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups fo

42、r them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.【文章大意】据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐 趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的 内容。28.A【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇 报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A 项意为：孩子们的阅读;J惯：B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量：C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D 项意

43、为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。29.B 解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的 the proportion （比例）who say they , hardly ever'read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.可知I,很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故

44、选30 .C 解析推理判断题 根据倒数第三段最后一句 many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子 屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。31 .A【解析】细行理解题 a 根据倒数第二段 Tlic most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence ofparents serving as examples

45、and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知， 有明显的证 据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以 通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选Ao典例二（2017新课标全国卷II, B）Minutes after the last movie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, employees were busy sweeping up popcorns and gatliering coke cups. It was a

46、 scene that had been repeated many times in die theater s 75-year history. This time, however, the cleanup was a little different. As one group of workers carried out the rubbish. another group began removing seats and other theater equipment in preparation for the building s end.The film classic Th

47、e Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater. Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate. The movie is set

48、 in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.Bradford said that large modern theaters in the city made it impossible for the Plaza to compete. He added that the theater's location（位置）was also a reason. ” This used to be the center of town, M he said. M Now the area is

49、 mostly office buildings and warehouses. uLast week some city officials suggested the city might be interested in turning the old theater into a museum and public meeting place. However, these plans were abandoned because of financial problems. Bradford sold the building and land to a local developm

50、ent firm, which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located.The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shown its last movie. The theater will be missed.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和

51、现代剧院的 竞争而被转售的故事。25. Why was The Last Picture Show put on?A. It was an all-time classic.B. It was about the history of the town.C. The audience requested it.D. The theater owner found it suitable.25. D【命题意图】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小 镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的现状一样。26. Wh

52、at will probably happen to the building?A. It will be repaired.B. It will be turned into a museum.C. It will be knocked down.D. It will be sold to the city government.26. C【命题意图】推理判断题。【解题思路】 根据第四段末句中的"which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located."可以推断出这个

53、剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。27. What can we infer about the audience?A. They are disappointed with Bradford.B. They are sad to part with the old theater.C. They arc supportive of the city officials.D. They are eager to have a shopping center.27. B【命题意图】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段中的 H most of the 250 seats were fil

54、led with teary-eyed audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building "可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。三、阅读理解篇之词义猜测题猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有 较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。词义猜测题要根据词、词组、句子所在的上下文语境来判断其意义，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。1 .定义法。Annealing is a

55、 way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予annealing以明确的定义,即“退火".It will be very hard but also very brittle that is, it will break easily.从后而的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是"脆"的意思、。The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks a

56、fter sheep就表明了 herdsman的词义为"牧人 J2 .同位法。They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.同位语部分a large building in old times给出了 castle的确切词义，即"城堡 JWe are on the night shiftfrom midnight to 8 a.m.this week.两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。3 .对比法。She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.but一词表转折，因此but前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是"她今天第一节上了一半才来"，因此 反向推理，可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。4 .构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）。Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the n