大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)第9讲.

1、第九讲翻译理论学习：改革开放以来的翻译中国历史三次翻译高潮：1. 东汉至唐宋的佛经翻译，2. 明末清初的科技翻译，3鸦片战争至五四运动”期间的西方思想和文学翻译。新时期翻译：1977-至今一、 1977-1987 对中国翻译理论进行整理和总结阶段1. 罗新璋翻译论集（1984案本一求信一神似一化境”的理论体系2. 翻译通讯编辑部选编的翻译研究论文集。3. 谭载喜翻译”艺术和技术翻译学”科学。4. 杨自俭：翻译学应是研究翻译的思维规律和方法的科学 ”二、 1987-1997 翻译理论体系化和大量引进外国翻译理论阶段杨自俭等新论陈福康：中国译学理论史稿:翻译(1992,大量国外翻译理论奈达”：功能

2、对等”纽马克”：语义翻译和交际翻译论”斯坦纳”国际上各种翻译理论流派：如语言学派、结构转换学派、圣经释义学派、意义认识再现学派 这一时期翻译理论的特点：语言学理论，面向源文，信”后期，佛美尔和诺德：目的论”功能学派”面向读者，决定译文面貌的，不是源文，而是翻译目的。 即，不同的读者，可以产生不同的译文。三、1997-今:翻译研究的文化转向期孟昭毅：中国翻译文学史（2003,马祖毅教授等：中国翻译通史。谢天振译介学（1999。国外翻译理论：佐哈尔和图里的多元系统翻译理论，翻译技巧学习句子的翻译（二:被动句的翻译一、将被动句译成汉语的主动句1按原顺序译成主动句(1The novel A Dream

3、 of RedMansions has bee n tran slatedinto many foreig n Ian guages.小说红楼梦已译成许多外国文字。(2His long, weekly editorial“ Frankly Speaking ” thoughsometimes turgid andrepetitious is read bymillio ns.他每周的长篇专栏实话实说”有时未免有些华而不实、老生常谈，却仍有千百万人阅读。(3During the World Cup the streets were filled with football fans.世界杯比赛期

4、间，街上挤满了球迷。(4The new Comma nd hav ingbee n in stalled, my work therewas done, and I retur ned togive my report to the House.新的司令部成立后，我在那儿的任务就完成了，于是我就回国向下院作汇报。(5The sense of in feriority that heacquired in his youth hasn ever bee n totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。(60n their domestic stati ons

5、 eve nts in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。2.动作发出者译成主语(1Large qua ntities of fuel are used by moder n in dustry.现代工业耗用大量燃料。(2Your car was towed away by a towi ng truck from Lewis Compa ny.路易斯公司的一辆拖车把你的汽车拖走了。(3While in Lon do n, Heikal wasapproached by severalpubli

6、shers who urged him towrite a book on Nasser.在伦敦时几个出版商前来和海卡尔接洽，敦请他写一本关于纳赛尔的书(4Cuff s fight with Dobbin, andthe un expected issue of thatcon test, will l ong beremembered by every manwho was educated at Dr.Swishtail s famous school.凡是在斯威希泰尔博士那有名的学校里念过书的学生，决不能忘记克普和都宾两人打架的经过和后来意想不到的结局。(5By the end of t

7、he war 800people had bee n saved by theorga ni zatio n, but at the cost ofover 200 Belgia n and Frenchlives.大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。3.把原文中的某一部分译成主语 (1The compass was invented in China fourthousa nd years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。（状一一主(2The edifice, which is the tallest in the city, was buil

8、t five years ago.五年前建造的那座大厦是全市最高的建筑物。(主谓-主(3My brother wastaught shortha nd by Mr. Cott on.我弟弟的速记是科顿先生教的。(宾一一主(4Energy is defined as the ability to do work.能的定义为做功的能力。(谓一一主4.增加逻辑主语(1She hadn t been told Bette s other name, or she d forgotten it.人家没告诉她禧蒂姓什么，要不然也许是她忘了。(2If you are asked pers onal ques

9、ti ons you n eed not an swer them.如果有人向你提出私事的问题，你尽可不答。(3Memora nda were prepared inadva nee of private meeti ngson matters to be discussed.在举行个别交谈之前，我已经就所有要讨论的问题预先拟好了备忘录。(4It has bee n men ti oned thatRebecca, soon after herarrival in Paris, took a verysmart and leadi ng positi on inthe society of t

10、hat capital, andwas welcomed at some of themost dist in guished houses ofthe restored French n obility.我曾经说过利禧加到达法国首都巴黎不久之后，便在上流社会出入,又时髦，又出风头，连好些光复后的王亲国戚都和她来往。(5He was found repairi ng the machi ne in the workshop.有人看见他正在车间里修机器。二、将被动句译成汉语的判断句“是的”(1The poetry was chanted to the accompaniment of the l

11、yre.诗歌吟唱时是用七弦琴伴奏的。(2The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.is built up from atoms.世间万物都是由原子构成的。(4The scie nee fictio n has bee n tran slated into Chin ese by a frie nd of mine.那部科幻小说是我的一个朋友译成中文的。(5These books are specially written for ehildren.这些书是特别为孩子们写的。三、将被动

12、句译成汉语的无主句把”将”对”(11 n many countries, authority is seldom, if ever, questioned.在很多国家，很少向权威提出质疑。(2Helsinki became a flourishing port, and a university was founded at Turku.赫尔辛基变成了一个繁荣的港口，在图尔库还建成了一所大学。(3AII the data available should becollected and studied with carebefore one works at a theory.在制定理论前，应

13、该把现有的所有数据资料都认真地搜集和研究。(4Wrongs must be righted whe n they are discovered.发现了错误一定要改正美国的学分制是一八七二年在哈佛大学首先实施的Everyth ing in the world(5No con clusi on has bee n reached so far.到目前为止没有得出结论。(6Your plan could be fulfilled on time if more efforts were made.如果作更大的努力就可以按时完成你的计划了。四、将被动句译成汉语的被动句被”受”1用被、遭/受、给、得”等

14、字(11 hope that the resoluti on of theGen eral Assembly will at lastbe respected by memberstates and by Israel inparticular.我希望大会的各项决议终将得到各会员国，尤其是以色列的尊重(21 was possessed by the very no velty of what I did.我被自己所干的事的新鲜劲迷住了。(3Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded.立功的人将受到奖励。(40ur roof was dam

15、aged in last nightsstorm.在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。(51 was seized with sad ness as Ithought of how the ancient city had bee n spared duri ng the Second World War andnow might be destroyed by an impe nding riot.我想到了这座古城在二战时 得到幸免而现在却要遭到即 将来临的暴乱的破坏，内心感 到悲伤。(61 started to expla in that I couldn t do my best s

16、ince my spectacles had bee n taken away from me, but she wouldn t let me finish.我开始解释，我不可能干得很 好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走 了，但她不准我讲完。2.用由”让”等字(1Two-thirds of the area are covered with imme nse forests of pine, spruce and birch.面积的三分之二由广阔的松林、云杉林和白桦林所覆盖。（2With a true democratic system,he said, Egypt would not have be

17、en defeated by Israel in 196 他 说 倘有一个真正 的民主制度，埃及在 1967 年就不会让以 色列打败。（3） The cyclist was knocked down bya truck.那个 骑车人 让一辆卡车 撞倒了。（ 4） The design will beexamined by a special committee 这项 设计将 由一个专门 委员会予以审查。213.用 予以”、加以”等字（1）The design will be examined by a special committee.这项设计将由一个专门委员会予以审查。（2） Problems should ber