航空工程英语基础

1、ESSENTIAL(基础)ENGLISHOFAERONAUTICALENGINEERING航空工程英语基础LESSON1THEB737FUSELAGE机体、生词飞机Airplane半硬冗式Semi-monocoque机身Fuselage起落架Landinggear动力装置Powerplant支柱Strut分为Divideinto包括Contain天线Antenna玻璃纤维Fiberglass蜂窝状物Honeycomb整流罩Fairing较链Hinge压力密封隔板Bulkhead驾驶舱flightcompartment进口Entry机上厨房Galley登机梯Airstair电子设备舱Electr

2、onicequipmentbay检修口Accessdoor旅客舱Passengercabin货舱Cargo逃逸Escape舱口Hatch空间Space燃油箱Fueltank终止Terminate辅助动力装置Auxiliarypowerunit水平安定向Horizontalstabilizer桁架Truss排出Exhaust设计Design和.一样Thesameas伸长stretch延伸Extension脊鳍Dorsalfin增强Strengthen相对于relativeto滑轨Skid结构structure修改revise、TEXTtheB737isalowwingairplane.B737h

3、assemi-monocoquefuselageandfullyretractablelandinggear.Twopowerplantsarelocatedunderthewingsonshortstruts.波音737是一种下单翼飞机。它拥有半硬壳式机身和全收式起落架。两台发动机位于机翼下方短支架上。(2) The 737-300 fuselage is divided into foursections: section 41 , section 43 , section 46 andsection48.波音737机体为为四部分：41、43、46和48.(3) Section41cont

4、ainstheradarantennabehindafiberglasshoneycombfairing,hingedatthe,are the flight compartment and forwardtop.aftofthepressurebulkhead,abovethefloorairstairanditsdoor,andtheelectronicequipmentbay.thissectionhastwoloweraccessdoors.41部分包括较接在蜂窝状玻璃纤维雷达罩后面顶部的雷达天线、压力隔板后方及地板上方区域是驾驶舱和前登机梯及其门，还有电子设备舱。这部分有两个下检修口

5、。(4) Section43containsthepassengercabinandtheforwardcargocompartment.43部分包括客舱和前货舱。(5) Section46containthecenterandaftportionofthepassengercabin,twooverwingescapehatchesandaftentryandservicedoors.Thespacebelowthefloorincludesthewingcentersection(fueltank),air-conditioningbays,wheelwell,hydraulicbayan

6、daftcargocompartment.thissectionterminatesattheaftpressurebulkhead.46部分包括客舱中后部，两个逃生舱及入口和服务门。地板下的空间包括中央油箱、空调舱、轮舱、液压舱和后货舱。这部分终止于后压力隔板。(6) Section48containstheauxiliarypowerunit(APU)andhorizontalstabilizertruss.Accesstothissectionisthroughadoorontheleftside.AftofwhichistheAPUaccessdoorandAPUexhaust.48部

7、分包括辅助动力装置和水平安定面桁架。可以通过左侧口盖接近。在它们的后面是APU检修口和APU排气口。The737-300isthesamebasicdesignasthe737-200,withabodystretchof104inches,awingtipextensionof14inches,ahorizontaltailextensionof36inches,alargerdorsalfinandstrengthenedstabilizer.737-300与737-200具有相同的基本设计，机体伸长了104英寸，翼尖延伸了14英寸，水平尾翼延伸了36英寸，还多了个大的脊鳍和增强的水平尾翼

8、。(8) The737-400,relativetothe737-300,hasbodystretchof120inches,towadditionaloverwingexit,tailskid,andstrengthenedlandinggear.737-400与737-300相比较，机身伸长了120英寸，多了两个逃生出口，尾部滑轨及加强了起落架。(9) The737-500usesthe737-300basicstructurewitha94inchesshorterbodyandarevisedforwardandaftfairing(wingtobody).737-500使用了737-

9、300的基本结构，机身短了94英寸，并且修改了前后整流罩(机翼到机体）。LESSON2THEPNEUMATICSSYSYTEM增压系统一、生词目的Purpose压缩空气compressureAir压缩空气pneumatic环境Environment阶段，相位Phase得到Obtain发动机引气Enginebleed外部的External车Cart接头Connector整流罩Cowl热的Thermal防冰Anti-icing也，此外Also提供provide饮用水Potablewater液压的Hydraulic启动器Starter在一之内Within正常的Normal取代Substitute满足

10、Meet需要，要求Need上部、顶部Top图形FigureIsolation活门Valve管道Duct结合、连接Join交叉、跨接crossover管理、调整govern适当的Appropriate、TEXTthepurposeofthepneumaticsystemistosupplycompressedairforacontrolledtemperatureandpressureenvironmentduringallphasesofflightandgroundoperation.airisobtainedfromenginebleeds.APU、orfromanexternalgrou

11、ndcartthroughaconnectorlocatedonthefuselage.增压系统的作用是为飞行及地面所有阶段的温度和压力控制提供压缩空气。压缩空气的来源可以是发动机引气、APU、或通过机身上的连接头与地面气源车相连供气。(2) Thepneumaticsystemcontrolsthetemperatureandthepressureofenginebleedairsource.Thepneumaticsystemprovideshightemperature,highpressureairfortheairconditioning.pressurization,wingand

12、cowlthermalanti-icing.also,thepneumaticsystemprovidespressureforthepotablewatersystem,hydraulicsystemandenginestarters.Theenginebleedairsystemsarelocatedontheengineandwithinthesupportstrut.增压引气控制发动机引气的温度和压力。增压系统为空调、增压系统、机翼及整流罩热防冰系统提供高温、高压引气。同时，增压系统还给饮用水系统、液压系统和发动机起动系统提供压力。发动机引气系统位于支架内部发动机上。(3) Theno

13、rmalcabinairsourceisobtainedfromthe5th-stageoftheenginesatlow-enginepower,9th-stageairautomaticallysubstitutestomeetusersystemneeds.正常情况下，客舱空气来自于发动机低能量的第5级，9级空气自动分配以满足用户系统的而(4) Onthetopoffigure2-1,theisolationvalveseparatestheleftandrighthalvesofthesystem.Ontheleftsideoftheisolationvalve,theAPUbleed

14、airductjoinstheleftsidecrossoverduct;ontherightside,thepneumaticgroundserviceconnectorjoinstherightsidecrossoverduct.Fromtheseductstheusersystemaresuppliedwithpressurizedair,governedbytheappropriatecontrolvalves.在图2-1的上方，隔离活门将左右系统分隔成独立的两部分。在隔离活门的左边，APU引气管道立连接着左交输管道；在右边，压缩空气地面接头连接右交输管道。用户系统可以从这些管道获得压

15、缩空气，通过适当的控制活门进行控制。LESSON3AIRCONDINTION空调系统、单词空气调节Airconditioning环境Ambient机组Crew加热heat冷却Cool增压Pressurization引出，放出Bled总管道Manifold分离Separate独立的Independent冷却组件Coolingpack调节，管理regulate暖，热Worm减少Reduce期望Desire涡轮冷却器Aircyclemachine整的Integral包括Consistof共同的Common轴Shaft离开Leave膨胀VExpand膨胀NExpansion下降Drop零卜Sub-ze

16、ro分配Distribute此外Inaddition配平空气管道Trimairline混合Mix室、容器Chamber加上，增加Add头顶上Overhead竖管Raise收Collector防护罩Shroud过滤器Filter排出口Discharge再分配Redistribute二等分halve、TEXT(1) theairconditioningsystemprovidesaconditionedairenvironmentforthepassengersandcrew,heatsthecargocompartment,coolstheelectronicequipment,andsuppl

17、iesairforthepressurizationsystem.空调系统为旅客和机组提供环境温度的控制，为客舱供热，为电子设备舱降温，还有为增压系统提供空气。(2) Airisbledfromthepneumaticmanifoldandconditionedby2separateandindependentcoolingpacks.Airflowintothepacksisregulatedbythepackvalves.空气从增压主管道和空调中通过2个隔离的，相互独立的冷却组件中被引入。空气流进组件中通过组件活门调节。(3) Airfromthepneumaticmanifoldisto

18、owarmandmustbecooled.Thepuposeof2packsistoreduceenginebleedairtemperaturetothedesiredtemperature.从增压主管道中来的空气太热，需要降温。两个组件的作用就是将发动机引气温度降低到需要的温度。(4) Anaircyclemachineisanintegralunitofeachcoolingpack.Theaircyclemachineconsistsofaturbinewheelandacompressorwheelmountedonacommonshaft.Airflowingthroughthea

19、ircyclemachinedrivestheturbine,theturbinedrivesthecompressorsection.Astheairleavestheturbineitexpandsgreatly.Thisexpansioncancausethetemperatureoftheairtodroptosub-zerolevels.涡轮冷却器是构成每个冷却组件所必需的。它包括一个涡轮和一个压气机，安装在共同的轴上。气流通过涡轮冷却器驱动涡轮，涡轮驱动压气机部分。当空气离开涡轮后急剧膨胀。这种膨胀能够导致空气温度降到零度以下的程度。(5) Infigure3-1,wecansee

20、thattheconditionedairfromtherightpackflowsintothemaindistributionmanifold,theconditionedairfromtheleftpackflowsintothemaindistributionmanifoldandintotheflightcompartment.Inaddition,atrimairlinefromtheleftmixchamberaddshotairtotheflightcompartmentduct.Themaindistributionmanifoldsuppliesthepassengerco

21、mpartmentoverheaddistributionsystemthroughtowsidewallrisers.在图3-1中，我们可以看出，调节空气从右组件流向主分配管道，还有调节空气从左组件流向主分配管道和进入驾驶舱。另外，从左混合舱出来的配平空气管道增加热空气给驾驶舱管道。主分配管道通过两个侧壁竖管供气给客舱顶部分配系统。(6) A3-phasefandrawsairfromthecollectorshroudthroughfiltersanddischargesintothemaindistributionmanifoldforredistribution.一个三相风扇从收集器防

22、护罩穿过过；滤器和排出口进入主分配管道，用以再分配。LESSON4PRESSURIZATIONINTRODUCTION增压系统简介、单词组件Pack控制Control座舱高度Cabinaltitude外流阀Outflowvalve保持Maintain尽可能的Asaspossible目的地destination安全的Safe舒适的Comfortable曲线Curve对时间的Againsttime起飞Takeoff巡航Cruise虚线Dottedline实线Solidline爬升Ascend下降Descent近Near环境ambient减小decrease变化率rate确定、决定Determine

23、大气Atmosphere例子Example磅/英寸Psi=poundpersquareinch参照Byreferring图表Chart描绘Depict与的关系曲线versus称之为Isreferredtoas制度System水银mercury毫巴Millibar相等的identical施加exert排出exhaust向机舱外outboard、TEXT(1) theairconditioningpackssupplyconditionedairintopressurizationsystem.thepressurizationsystemcontrolscabinaltitudebyregula

24、tingairflowfromthefuselage,throughtheoutflowvalve.Thepressurizationsystemmaintainscabinaltitudeasclosetosealevelaspossibleoratanaltitudeequaltothealtitudeoftheflightdestination,sothepressurizationsystemprovidesasafecomfortablecabinaltitudeforthecrewandpassengeratallairplanealtitude.空调组件为增压系统提供调节空气。增

25、压系统通过调节机身气流控制客舱高度，通过外流阀,增压系统保持客舱高度尽可能的接近海平面或等于飞行目的地高度，这样增压系统可为机组和旅客在整个飞行过程中提供一个安全舒适的客舱高度。(2) Figure4-2showsacurveofairplaneandcabinaltitudeagainsttimefromtakeoffthroughcruisetolanding.airplanealtitudeisshownindottedline.Cabinaltitudeisshowninsolidline.Theairplanestartsitsflightatanairportaltitudenea

26、rsealevel,ascends,cruises,anddescendstoalandingairportnearsealevel.图4-2显示为飞机和坐舱高度在起飞、巡航及着陆阶段的时间曲线。飞机高度显示为虚线，坐舱高度显示为实线。飞机以接近海平面的机场高度开始飞行、爬升、巡航、下降和接近海平面的机场着陆。(3) Cabinaltitudestartsatthetakeoffaltitude.Astheairplaneclimb,theambientpressuredecreases;thehigherthealtitude,thelowerthepressure.Thealtitudei

27、nsidetheairplane(cabinaltitude)alsoclimbsbutatalowerratethantheairplane.Thepressurizationsystemprovidesthepressuredifferentialbetweenthecabinandambient.客趁高度开始于起飞高度。当飞机爬升时，环境压力减小，高度越高，压力越低。飞机内部高度(坐舱高度)也以一个低于飞机的速率爬升。增压系统提供客舱与外界环境之间的压力差。(4) Theairplanealtitudeabovesealevelisdeterminedbymeasuringthepres

28、sureoftheambientatmosphere.Forexample,seefigure4-3,at30,000feetabovesealeveltheambientpressurewouldbepsi.thecabinaltitudecanbemeasuredbyaddingtheambientpressuretothepsidmaintainedinsidetheairplanebythepressurizationsystem:ambientpressurepsiat30,000ft.Pressuredifferentialbyreferringtothechartdepictin

29、gambientpressureversusaltitude,iftheambientpressureis,thecabinaltitudewouldbe5150ft(seefigure4-3).飞机高度可通过测量环境大气的压力来测得。例如：图4-3，在高于海平面3万英尺的环境压力为。客舱高度可通过环境压力加来测得，由增压系统保持：环境压力：30000FT压力差；坐舱压力：+=参照图表描述环境压力高度曲线，如果环境压力是，客舱高度将是5150英尺(图4-3)(5) thecabinpressureisreferredtoas“psid”andindicatesthedifferentialpr

30、essure,inpoundspersquareinch,betweeninsideandoutsideoftheairplane.Therearemanysystemsformeasuring pressure andpsiis only one .airplane systems measure pressure in inches ofas a measurement of the pressuremercuryandmillibars;theseindicationsareidenticaltoexertedbytheatmosphereatsealevel.客舱压力被称为“PSID”

31、并用“磅/英尺”指出压力差，在飞机内外，有许多系统可测量压力，“PSI”只是其中之一。飞机系统用英寸水银或毫巴来测量压力；这些指示等同于受到海平面大气压力。(6) Thepressurecontrolsystemsprovidecabindifferentialpressurebycontrollingtheoutflowofairfromthefuselage.Thepressurecontrolsystemconsistsofanaftoutflowvalve,forwardoutflowvalve,pressurecontroller,controlpanel,pressuresensi

32、nginputs,andmonitoringindicators.压力控制系统通过控制机外气流来提供客舱压力差。压力控制系统包括一个外流阀、前外流阀、压力控制器、控制面板、压力传感器和监视器。(7) Theaftoutflowvalveallowingcabinairtoexhaustoverboardtomaintaincabinpressure.Theforwardoutflowvalvereceivesacontrolsignalfromtheaftoutflowvalve.whentheaftoutflowvalveisclosed,theforwardoutflowvalverece

33、ivesasignaltodrivefullclosed.后外流阀允许客舱空气排出到机外以保持客舱压力。前外流阀接收一个从后外流阀来的控制信号。当后外流阀被关闭时，前外流阀接收又个信号驱使完全关闭。LESSON5FIREDETECTION火警探测、单词火警探测Firedetection在周围Around组件Pack监控Monitor存在Exist泄漏Leak部件Component曜aw口Alarm于|文w命horn过热Overheat铃声Bell规定Specify发生Occur听觉Aural在之下beneath面板Panel器件device与相对应Respondto机翼Wing灭火器Extin

34、guish盆basin厕所Lavatory瓶Bottle擦手纸斜槽Towerchute可选的optional角落Corner特征feature轮子wheel可用的Available放出dischargeLocation完成Accomplish元件element大花板CeilingTEXT(1) thefiredetectionsystemsmonitorairplanecomponentsforoverheat,fireorsmokecondition.EngineandAPUfireandoverheatindicationoccursontheP8andP7panels.Wingandbo

35、dyductoverheatwarningoccursontheP5andP7panels.Lavatorysmokedetectionindicationisanoptionalfeaturethatisavailable.IndicationcanoccuratthelavatorylocationandorontheP5panel.火警探测系统监控飞机组件的过热、失火或烟雾等情况。发动机和APU过热和失火指示出现在P8或P7板上。机翼和机身管道过热警告出现在P5或P7板上。厕所烟雾探测指示是一个可选装配件。指示能够出现在厕所位置或P5板上。(2) Enginefireandoverhea

36、tdetectionisprovidedbydetectorelementslocatedaroundtheengine.TheengineandAPUfiredetectionaccessoryunitM279,locatedintheE/Ebaydeterminesifafireoroverheatconditionexists.WhendetectedindicationsoccurintheflightdeckanalarmbellisprovidedbytheauralwarningdevicesunitM315forafirecondition.Thetwoenginefireex

37、tinguisherbottlesarelocatedontheupperleftaftcornerofthemainwheelwellandaredischargedfromtheflightdeck.发动机失火和过热信号探测由安装在发动机周围的探测元件提供。发动机和APU火警探测组件M279，安装在电子设备舱，用于判断是否有失火或过热情况发生。当在飞机蒙皮探测到火警信号时，音响警告设备M315将给出一个警告铃声。两台发动机灭火瓶安装在主轮舱左下方后角处，并从处释放。(3) TheAPUdetectorssensefireconditionsonly.Monitoringofthesenso

38、rsisaccomplishedbytheM279.indicationsoccurontheP28panelinthewheelwellandalsointheflightdeck.TheAPUfirebottleislocatedbehindtheaftpressurebulkheadandisdischargedeitherfromtheflightdeckorP28panel.APU探测器只感应火警信号。传感器的监控由M279完成。指示出现在P28板在主轮舱和FLIGHTDECK。APU灭火瓶后压力隔板上，并通过P28板或FLIGHDECK释放。(4) Wheelwellfiredet

39、ectionisprovidedbydetectorelementsmountedonthewheelwellceiling.ThedetectorsprovideinputtotheM237modulelocatedintheE/Ebay.IndicationsoccurontheP7andP8panelsandanalarmbellisprovidedbytheM315module.轮舱火警探测由安装在轮舱天花板上的探测元件来提供。探测器提供信号给安装在电子设备舱的M237组件。指示信号出现在P7和P8板上，警告铃声由M315组件提供。(5) Thewingandbodyoverheatd

40、etectionsystemexiststomonitorthepneumaticsystemforleaks.thedetectionsystemisdividedintoaleftandrightsystem.ThedetectorsprovideinputtotheM237module.OverheatindicationoccursontheP5andP7panels.机翼和机身过热探测系统监控增压系统有无渗漏。探测系统分为左右两部分。探测器提供信二也MM237组件。过热指示信号出现在P5和P7板上。(6) Thelavatorysmokedetectorislocatedineach

41、lavatory,thedetectorwillprovideawarninghornandindicationataspecifiedsmokelevel.locatedineachlavatory,beneaththewashbasin,isafireextinguisherbottlewhichrespondstohightemperatureinthetowerchute.厕所烟雾探测器安装在每个厕所里，探测器将在规定的烟雾层度发出警告信号。灭火瓶安装在每个厕所，洗手池下面，可以对擦手纸斜槽里的高温情况作出响应。LESSON6OXYGENSYSTEM氧气系统一、单词氧气Oxygen要求

42、、命令Acquire单独的independent安装Install气态的Gaseous称为designate稀释器Diluter要求Demand化学上Chemically服务员Attendant气缸Cylinder旅客服务设备Passengersserviceunit囿罩Mask切断Shutoff数量Quantity压强计Gage即使Inaeventof排出Vent紧急情况Emergence锁定Latch释放Release作动筒Actuator机构Mechanism开动，启动activate自动地automatically人工地manually、TEXTthepurposeoftheoxyge

43、nsystemistoprovideoxygenfortheflightcrewandpassengerswhenrequired.TwoindependentoxygensystemareinstalledinB737.theflightcrewoxygensystemisahighpressuregaseoussystemforflightcrewuseonly,thistypeofsystem is designated adiluter demstemd . The p assenger oxygen system is achemically-generatedoxygensyste

44、mforusebypassengersandcabinattendants.Thistypeofsystemisdesignateda“continusyssemow”氧气系统用来为机组及旅客提供氧气。B737上安装有两套氧气系统。机组氧气系统是一个仅供机组使用的高压气态系统，这种系统被称为“稀释要求”系统。旅客氧气系统是一供旅客及乘务员使用个化学制氧系统。这种系统被称为“continuousflow”系统。(2) Theflightcrewoxygensystemconsistsofanoxygencylinder.Valves,indicatingcomponents,distributi

45、ontubingandoxygenmask/regulator.Thecrewoxygensystemcomponentsarelocatedintheforwardcargocompartmentandintheflightcompartment.机组氧气系统包括一个氧气瓶，阀门，指示组件，分配管道及氧气面罩/调节器。机组氧气系统组件安装在前客舱和驾驶舱内。(3) Oxygenflowsthroughthepressurereducingregulatorandshutoffvalvetothemasks.Quantity(pressure)indicationisprovidedbyaga

46、geintheflightcompartment.Intheeventofanoverpressure,thecylinderisventedtoambientthroughtheoverboarddischarge.Thecylinderisservicedafterremovalfromtheaircraft.氧气通过减压调节器和关断活门流向氧气面罩。流量指示由驾驶舱内的压强计指示。一旦过压，气瓶将通过顶部释放开关进行释压。气瓶应从飞机上取下进行勤务。(4) Thepassengeroxygensystemprovidesanemergencyoxygensupplytothepassen

47、gersandattendants,thissystemconsistsofpassengerserviceunits,controlandindication.Theseserviceunitscontainthemaskbox,doorlatchreleaseactuator,latchingmechanism,chemicaloxygengeneratorandoxygenmask.旅客氧气系统为旅客及乘务员提供应急氧气，系统包括旅客服务设备，控制及指示器。这个服务设备包括氧气面罩盒、门锁释放作动筒，锁定机械装置、氧气发生器及氧气面罩。(5) Thepassengeroxygensyst

48、emcanbeactivatedautomaticallybyhighcabinaltitude(lowcabinpressure)ormanuallyfromtheflightcompartment.旅客氧气系统能够被较高的客舱高度自动启动，也能在驾驶舱人工启动。LESSON7ICEANDRAINPROTECTION防冰、防雨一、单词雨Rain保护Protect帮助Aid为而提供Isprovidedfor雨刷Wiper防雨剂Repellent叶片Vane卫生间Toilet排放Drain视线Vision皮托静压Pitotstatic探头Probe迎角叶片Alphavane支柱管Mast堆积Bu

49、ildup碰撞Impact强度Strengthen雾Fog导电的conductive涂层coating暴露expose气流Airstream形成Formatting结冰Freeze原因Cause出故障的Faulty损失Loss槽Sink嵌入Embed垫圈gasket装置Fitting与结合在一起Areintegratedwith、TEXTtheiceandrainprotectionsystemprotectstheairplaneandaidstheflightcrewwhenoperatingundericeandrainconditions.Iceandrainprotectionisp

50、rovidedfor:1) wingleadingedgeslatsoutboardofeachengine.2) Flightcompartmentwindows(heat,wiper,rainrepellent).3) Pitotstaticandtemperatureprobes.4) Alphavanes.5) Toiletdrains.防冰、防雨系统用于保护飞机及帮助机组在雨雪天气下操作飞机。此系统为下列部件提供保护：1)发动机外前缘缝翼；2)驾驶舱玻璃窗(加热、雨刷、防雨剂)；3)皮托静压管及总温探头；4)迎角叶片；5)厕所排水。(2) Wingleadingslatsusehot

51、airfromthepneumaticsystem.Flightcompartmentwindowsareelectricallyheated.Thewipersandrainrepellentareusedforprovidingclearvision.Thepitotstaticprobes,alphavanes,drainmasts,andtoiletdrainsuseelectricheaters.前缘缝翼用增压系统的热引气加温。驾驶舱窗口用电加温。雨刷和防雨剂用来提供清晰视野。皮托静压探头、迎角叶片、排水管及厕所排水都是用电加温。(3) Thewinganti-icesystempr

52、eventsicebuilduponthewingleadingedgeslats,thissystemconsistsofairsupplyducts,valves,terminalswitches,controlsandindications.防冰系统可防止冰在缝翼前缘堆积，此系统包括供气管道、活门、终端开关、控制及指示器。(4) Thewindowheatsystemimprovestheimpactstrengthoftheflightcompartmentwindowsandpreventsfogandice-buildup,thissystemconsistsofconductiv

53、ecoatinginthewindowstructure,heatcontrolunits,controlsandindications.窗口加热系统提高了驾驶舱窗口的撞击强度并防止雾和冰的堆积，此系统包括窗口结构上的导电涂层、加热控制组件、控制及指示器。(5) Thepitotstaticprobes,temperatureprobeandalphavanesprovideairdatainformationtothevarioususingsystem,theyarelocatedontheleftandrightsidesoftheforwardfuselage.Sinceallthep

54、robesandvanesareexposedtotheairstream,internalheatingisprovidedtopreventiceformation.Freezingcouldcausefaultyinputsorpossiblelossofalldata.皮托静压探头、总温探头和迎角叶片用来提供大气数据信息给不同的应用系统，他们位于前机身在右侧。因为所有的探头及叶片都暴露在气流里，需要加热以防止结冰。结冰可以导致所有数据的丢失或输入错误信息。(6) Thedrainanti-icingsystempreventsicebuilduponthedrainsfromtheto

55、iletsandlavatorysinks.Theafttoiletdrainheaterisembeddedingasketbetweenthedraintubeandthedrainoutletfitting.Thelavatorysinkdrainheaterareintegratedwiththedrainmast.Thepowersupplyforthetoiletdrainheatersis115voltsacandforthelavatorysinkdrainis115voltsacor28voltsac.排水防冰系统防止在卫生间及其水池的排水装置上积冰。后厕所加热器用垫片嵌入在排水管道与外流排水装置之间。厕所洗手池加热器与排水竖管连在一起。为厕所排水管加热用的是115V直流电，为厕所洗手池加热用的是1