2022年全国职称英语理工b类历年真题及答案

1、全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试真题预测及答案人事考试教育网整顿-10-28 13:44【大 中 小】【我要纠错】第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。 1Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment Aanger Bdoubt Clove Dsurprise 2The document was compiled by the Department of Health Awritten Bprinted Cattached Dsent 3H

2、e's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art Asharing Busing Cdenying Ddeveloping 4We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues Aclear Bregular Cquick Dgreat 5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners Apolite Bsimilar Cusual Dbad 6.I want to provide my boys with a

3、 decent education Agood Bspecial Cprivate Dgeneral 7In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy Achanges Breduces Cleaves Ddrops 8Many cities have restricted smoking in public places Alimited Ballowed Cstopped Dkept 9 What are my chances of promotion if I stay here? Aretirement Badvertis

4、ement Cadvancement Dreplacement 10If we leave now，we should miss the traffic Adirect Bstop Cmix Davoid 11There was a profound silence after his remark Aproud Bshort Csudden Ddeep 12I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues Along Bboring Coriginal Dhumorous 13The thief was finally c

5、aptured two miles away from the village Acaught Bkilled Cfound Djailed 14Such a database would be extremely costly to set up Atransfer Bdestroy Cestablish Dupdate 15The two banks have announced plans to merge next year Acombine Bsell Cclose Dbreak 第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分) 下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个

6、句子做出判断：如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。 A Great Quake Coming? Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastatingIn 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousan

7、ds of peopleResidents now wonder when the next"Big One"will strikeIt's bound to happen somedayAt least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco areaFaults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each otherWhen these pieces slip，the ground shakes To p

8、repare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the timeDuring small e

9、arthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per secondDuring bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second At such high speedsmassive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itselfLucky fo

10、r San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 eventAs bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occurRecords show that earthquakes were common before 1906Since then，the earthqu

11、ake has been relatively quietPatterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakesStill，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old

12、and weakAnalyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a whileAccording to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of"if the Big One will hit"It's just a ma

13、tter of when 16The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 17The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 18The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilo

14、meters per second. ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 19Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906 ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 20San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 21Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon ARight BWrong CNot

15、 mentioned 22A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable ARight BWrong CNot mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分) 下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第2730题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。 Natural Gas Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth&#

16、39;s surfaceIt is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷). The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基本设施)h

17、as been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwideToday，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-triesMore than 65 million American homes

18、 use natural gasIn fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clot

19、hing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants. Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available It emits less pollution than other fossil fuelsdioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same s

20、ubstances emitted when humans ex-haleCompared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of allThe industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of pr

21、oduction and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the worldThe USDepartment of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration fore

22、casts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025. There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surfaceThe largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle EastLNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in

23、 the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain. 23Paragraph 2_ 24Paragraph 3_ 25Paragraph 4_ 26Paragraph 5_ APopularity and use of natural gas BNatural gas reserves and supply CNatural gas prices DClean fuel of choice EDisadvantages

24、 of natural gas FNatural gas consumption 27Natural gas is stored deep_. 28Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source _. 29When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas _. 30It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_

25、. Aover the past 50 years Bbeneath the earth surface Cby more than 50 percent Dfor more than four decades Eas a raw material Ffor home energy needs 第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分) 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。 第一篇 Walking to Exercise the Brain Do you think sitting and studying all the time wil

26、l improve your grades?Think againGetting some exercise may help，too New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of wo

27、rking out on a running wheelMice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don'tTheir brain cells also make more connections Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for peopleFirst，they measured the physical fit

28、ness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mileThen，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac- cu

29、rate as their less-fit peers,the researchers foundThe fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compar

30、ed with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can helpThat should be good news for your grandparents The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied ye

31、tStill，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friendsYou might even do better in school Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same timeYou could end up hurting yourseff! 31Walking regularly helps elderly people_ Alose weight

32、 Bbecome happier Cconcentrate better Dlook younger 32After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_ Ahigher blood pressure Bfaster heartbeat Cmore blood flow to the brain Dbetter appearance 33The first study on 41 elderly people found_ Athe less-fit participants did arrow tasks f

33、aster Bthe fitter participants did arrow tasks faster Cthe less-fit participants gave more accurate answers Dthe fitter participants gave more accurate answers 34It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least_ A3 minutes B45 minutes C30 minutes D10 minutes 35It is sug

34、gested in the last paragraph that people should_ Arun around once a week Bnot read and walk at the same time Cgo for a walk every day Dnot hurt their friends while exercising 第二篇 Night of the Living Ants When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nestThis behavior is interesting to

35、scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants"I'm deadtake me away" But there's a twist

36、 to Choe's discoveryThese ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicalsIn other wordsWhile an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead What keeps ants from hauling away the

37、 liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet，"So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，"I'm dead"the other set says，"I&

38、#39;m not dead yet" Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes upThat means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical

39、that says"Wait-I'm not dead yet" quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says"I'm dead"is left"It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(坟场)，not because its body releases new unique c

40、hemicals after death，"said Choe When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they haul away the body This was choe's hypothesis(假设) To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹). When the scientis

41、ts used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away. When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemicals override(优先于) t

42、he"dead"chemical when picked up by adult ants And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemicals fade awayOther nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest 36What is meant by"death chemical"mentioned in paragraph 3?

43、AA chemical that contains poison BA chemical that causes death CA chemical that announces death DA chemical that prevents death 37Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants? AAnts know very soon that another ant is dead BWhen an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest CIf an ant

44、is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest DLiving ants have the"I'm dead"chemical on their bodies 38According to Choe's hypothesis，_. Aan ant still smells like a living when it dies Bthe"I am dead"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies Cthe"I am not dead ye

45、t"chemical is left when an ant dies Dthe"I am not dead yet"chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies 39According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis? AIt shows that his hypothesis is wrong BIt proves that his hypothesis is convincing CIt suggest

46、s that his hypothesis needs revising DNot enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis 40The passage"Night of the Living Ants"tells us about_. Ahow an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh Bwhat an ant does at night Chow an ant finds its way in darkness Dwhat happens when an ant

47、 dies 第三篇 The Iceman On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and ItalyHigh up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm yea

48、rThe mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface It was lying face downwardThe skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the headThere was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothesThe hands were still holding the wooden handle o

49、f an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth bootsNearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questionsSome people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the b

50、ody of a soldier who died in World War Isince several soldiers had already been found in the area A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been foundThe scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was pro

51、bably much older，maybe even a thousand years old With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years oldBorn in about 3300 BC，he lived during the Bronze Age in EuropeAt first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the

52、high mountains. More recent evidencehowever，tells a different storyA new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulderIt left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleedingHe almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his headT

53、his means that he was probably in some kind of battleIt may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting banditsHe may even have been a bandit himself By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived inwe may never

54、know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times 41The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_ Atwo Germans were climbing mountains Bhe was just on a mountain pass Cthe melted ice made him visible Dhe was lying on the

55、ice 42What can be inferred from paragraph 2? AThe iceman could have died from the wound in the head BThe iceman was struck dead from behind CThe iceman was killed while working DThe iceman lived a poor life 43All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_ Ahe was a soldier in Worid

56、 War I Bhe came from Italy Che was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father DHe was born about a thousand years ago 44The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_ Awas hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead Bhas a tiny hole in his skin causing his death Cwas probably in some kind of a battle Dhad got a wound on the back of his head 45The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_ Arobbers Bshooters Csoldiers Dhunters 第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题