轮机英语考证模拟题

1、第一篇 轮机英语考证模拟题Unit 1 Main Propulsion Plant (主推进装置）Lesson 1 Ships and Machinery ships (船舶和机械)1. The auxiliary engine and a. c. generator can be connected with_A, camB. crossheadC. bulgeD. coupling注：副机和发电机用联轴节连接，故选D。2. The term medium speed diesel engine is currently taken to mean an engine with an ope

2、rat-ing rotational speed ofrpm.A. below 300B. above 1200C. between 300 to 1200D. below 1200注：术语"中速机"是指运行速度介于300-1200 rpm之间的发动机。（也有说法为300 -1000 rpm),只能选C，故选C。3. The rotating range of the low speed diesel engine is usually lower than.A. 100 rpmB. 200 rpmC. 300 rpmD. 500 rpm注：术语"低速机"

3、;是指运行速度小于300rpm的发动机，故选C。4. Among the main propulsion units on board the ship with the same capacity ， the lightest oneis.A. steam engineB. steam turbine C. gas turbineD. diesel engine注：船舶使用的各种类型的主推进装置中，如果产生的功率相同，装置重量最轻的是燃气轮机。（比功率大是燃气轮机的优点，同样功率，内燃机中重量最轻，体积也最小。)故选c。5. Concerning diesel propelled vesse

4、ls, the astern power is to provide for continuous operationastem.A. equal to that available for ahead operationB. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm at rated speedC. while underway and under all normal conditionsD. at 70 percent of the ahead rpm of average continuous sea speed注：柴油机驱动的船舶，倒车转速一般是正车额定转速的70

5、% -80%,故选B。6. A diesel engine is operating at 1800 rpm and driving a propeller at 600 rpm. What is the speed reduction ratio?A. 0. 30 to 1B. 3. 00 to 1C. 3. 33 to 1D. 33. 0 to 1注：减速齿轮箱的减速比=曲轴转速/螺旋桨转速=1800/600 =3，故选B。7. Engine displacement is equal to the cylinder.A. area times the strokeB. area time

6、s the stroke ， times the number of cylindersC. volume times the strokeD. volume times the stroke ， times the number of cylinders 注：发动机的排量=气缸面积x活塞冲程x气缸数目，选B。8. In using reduction gears to obtain efficient propeller speeds ， .A. they must be located at the after end of the engineB. they can only be us

7、ed with one engine at a timeC. they eliminate the need for controllable pitch propellersD. they are connected to the engine with a flexible coupling 注：减速齿轮与发动机采用柔性联轴节连接，选D。9. Maximum horsepower of a diesel engine is attained.A. when the engine rpm is pulled down by overloadB. at rated engine rpmC. a

8、t 95 % of rated engine rpmD. at 95 % of a properly adjusted governor rpm with the engine under full load 注：柴油机的最大功率是在其额定转速时产生的，故选B。10. * The term "moderate speed" was previously interpreted as meaning a speed which wouldenable a vesselwithin half the range of visibility.A. stoppingB. being

9、 stopped C. to stopD. to be stopped注：术语"中等速度"以前被解释为能使船舶在视野的一半距离内被停住的速度。根据题意船舶被停住要使用被动语态，enable后面要跟动词不定式，故选D。11. can be found on most medium to large merchant vessels even if the main engine IBeither a steam turbine or 2-stroke crosshead engine.A. The medium speed 4-stroke trunk piston engi

10、neB. The low speed 2-stroke crosshead engineC. The medium speed 2-stroke crosshead engineD. The low speed 4-stroke trunk piston engine注：即使主机是汽轮机，或者是二冲程十字头柴油机，在中到大型的商船上也有采用中速的四冲程筒状柴油机。B中的二冲程机题目中已有，C中的中速二冲程机和D中的低速四冲程机都不对，只有A的中速四冲程机符合题意，故选A。12. allows the engine to be placed wherever is most suitable,

11、as they no longer have tobe aligned with reduction gearing and shafting as is the case with conventional installations.A. Diesel engine propulsionB. Diesel electric propulsionC. Steam engine propulsionD. Gas turbine propulsion注：柴油电力推进可以使主机布置在最合适的位置，而不用像传统的推进装置要求与减速齿轮和轴系对中，根据题意选B。 Diesel electric pro

12、pulsion指柴油电力推进。13. Medium speed engines have apower to weight ratio than the slow speed two strokes,but due to the higher speeds tend to havemaintenance intervals.A. higher; reducedB. higher； increasedC, lower ； reducedD. lower ； increased注：中速机比低速二冲程机的功率重量大，但由于速度高，检修周期较短，故选A。14. The diesel engine is

13、 similar to the gasoline engine in that.A. both of them are ignited by compressed airB. both of them are the forms of external combustion enginesC. both of them have spark plugsD. the power is developed by the piston in the cylinder注：柴油机类似汽油机在于功率都是由气缸里的活塞产生的，故选D。15. The reason why more and more of t

14、he large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is.A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpmB. they are connected to the propeller by gearingC. their smaller size and weightD. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing注：越来越多的大型商船以中速柴油机为动力的原因是它们的尺寸小、重量轻，故

15、选c。16. Gas turbines differ from steam turbines in that.A. steam rather than gas is used to turn a shaftB. vapor rather than gas is used to turn a shaftC. the former uses gas to turn a shaftD. the latter uses gas to turn a shaft注：燃气轮机区别于汽轮机在于前者使用燃气去使轴转动，故选C。17. A diesel engine which is rated for norm

16、al operation at a crankshaft speed of 800 rpm, iscommonly classed as a.A. slow-speed dieselB. medium-speed dieselD. high-speed dieselD. constant-speed diesel注：曲轴转速800转/分以额定功率正常运行的柴油机称为中速柴油机，故选B。18. is an opening for supplying seawater to condensers, pumps, etc. located in the hullbelow the waterline

17、 and having means for the attachment of associated piping.A. Sea chestB. ScupperC. ScuttleD. Sea port注：海底门是向冷凝器、泵等供应海水的进口，位于水线下方的船壳处，可用于连接相应的管路，故选A。 scupper排水口， scuttle天窗。19. A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called.A. reeferB. ro/ro shipC. containerD. tanker注：设计用于运输冷藏物品的

18、船舶是冷藏船，选A.Ro/Ro ship滚装船。20. The depth of the ship below waterline measured vertically to the lowest part of the hull iscalled.A. trimB. leanC. draftD. tonnage注：船舶水线以下垂直到船壳最低点的深度称为吃水线，故选c。21. Which of the terms listed below represents the operational speed at which excessive engine vibration is creat

19、ed?A. Non-harmonic speed.B. Critical speed.C. Maximum speed.D. Design maximum speed.注：临界速度代表发动机过度振动产生的运转速度，故选B。22. Which of the devices listed is installed on a diesel engine to isolate some of the crankshaft vibrations caused by rotational and reciprocating forces?A. Planetary gear setB. Torsional

20、vibration damper .C. Friction clutch.D. Air bladder clutch.注：装在柴油机的振减振器用来隔离由回转和往复作用力所产生的部分曲轴振动，选B。Planetary gear行星轮。23. diesel engine electric starting motors generally require heavier duty motors and operate athigher voltages than comparable starting motors for gasoline engines due to_A. higher spe

21、ed requiredB. flywheel-effectC. lower starting temperaturesD. higher compression pressures注：因为要更高的压縮压力，柴油机电起动马达与类似的汽油机的起动马达相比，要有更大的功率和更高的电压，故选D。24. Some medium and high-speed diesel engines require reduction gear units to provide a usefulpropeller speed. In most reduction gears ， the bull gear._A. m

22、ust churn the oil in the sumpB. is connected to the propeller shaftC. is driven at the highest rpmD. compensates for alignment variations between the engine and pinion gear注：中高速柴油机需要减速装置来提供一个可用（有效）的螺旋桨转速。大多数减速装置，大齿轮与螺旋桨轴连在一起，故选B。 bull gear大齿轮。25. When used with reversing reduction gears, medium-spee

23、d diesel engines should be boltedto their foundations with fitted bolts at the drive end and clearance (loosely fitted) bolts inother locations . This is done to.A. maintain alignment when the ship's hull is working in heavy seasB. ensure engine vibrations correspond to the natural frequency of

24、the hullC. permit the engine to expand away from the driven equipment as the engine heats up and expandsD. maintain engine thrust bearing clearances注：当与倒车减速装置一起使用时，中速柴油机应该在传动端用装配螺栓与底座连在一起，而在其它地方则用间隙螺栓固定，这样可使柴油机热膨胀时留有膨胀余地，故选C26. When transmitted by a reduction gear, diesel engine speed is reduced and

25、 the torque available for work .A. remains the same B. is reducedC. is increasedD. is eliminated注：通过减速装置，柴油机速度降低，扭矩增加，故选c。27. Which of the following statements is correct concerning available astern power for diesel main propulsion systems?A. Astern power is to be provided in a sufficient amount to

26、secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances.B. The astern power of the main propelling machinery is to provide for continuous operation astern at 60% of the ahead rpm at rated speed.C. For main propulsion systems without reversing gears ， controllable pitch propellers or electric p

27、ropulsion drive, running astern is not to lead to overload conditions.D. Astern power available will be equal to ahead power when controllable pitch propellers are utilized, thus discounting the need for increased operating parameters.注：倒车功率必须能提供足够的功率确保在各种正常情况下能够对船舶进行适当的控制，故选A。28. When two medium sp

28、eed diesel engines coupled in parallel to a common propeller shaft that operates at the same speed as the engines ， which of the operating conditions listed will apply?A. Full horsepower is available ahead and astern.B. One engine must be running ahead and the other astern.C. Full reversing torque i

29、s not available.D. Mechanical reduction gearing is required.注：当两台中速柴油机并排连接到同速运转的普通螺旋桨轴上，需要机械减速装置，故选D。29. The abbreviation "M/E" is used to represent the .A. measure equipmentB. main electricalC. my engineD. main engine注：M/E是主机的缩写，故选D。30. _ are increasingly used as main engine on merchant v

30、essels ， because they have a high Hp/Weight ratio.A. Slow speed diesel enginesB. Medium-speed diesel enginesC. Steam enginesD. Gasoline engines注：中速柴油机越来越多地被用于商船，因为它们的功率/重量大，故选B。31. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships ( especially containershipsand VLCCs) utilizesas prime m

31、over.A. gas turbineB. diesel engineC.steam engineD. gasoline engine注：当前多数商船的动力装置尤其是集装箱船和超大型船使用柴油机作为原动力，故选B。32. Typical marine propulsion plants include -directly coupled to the vessel's single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.A. a single, long-stroke, slow-speed, turbocharged, two-stroke di

32、esel engineB. a single, long-stroke, medium-speed, turbocharged, four-stroke diesel engine C. two medium-speed ， turbocharged ， four-stroke diesel enginesD.a variable-speed a. c. generator注：典型的船用动力装置包括单台低速、长冲程、涡轮增压二冲程柴油机，故选B。33. Withthe engine need not to be aligned with reduction gears or propeller

33、 shaft.A. Diesel engine propulsionB. Diesel electric propulsion.C. Steam engine propulsionD. Gas turbine propulsion注：采用柴油电力推进装置，柴油机不需要与减速装置或螺旋桨轴对中，故选B。34. Diesel engines instead of steam engines were used as main engine on board ships is mainlybecause_A. they have a high mechanical efficiency B. the

34、y have a high thermal efficiencyC. they are more reliableD. they have a large volume注：柴油机替代汽轮机用作船舶的主机主要是因为它们有高的热效率，故选B。35. When a ship in loaded condition floats at arbitrary water line, its displacement is_tothe relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.A. equalB. largerC. smallerD. equivalent注：

35、当一条载有货物的船在任何吃水线时，她的排水量等于载货船舶的总重量，故选A。36. The displacement of a ship is to the total weight ， all told ， of the relevant loaded ship.A. largerB. equalC. smallerD. equivalent注：船舶的排水量等于人们所说的载货船舶的总重量，故选B。37. Which one is not true?A. Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.B. The

36、re are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineers.C. Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type.D. Ships can be divided into different categories from different perspectives. 注：造船工程师和轮机员在职责上有明确的区别，故选B。38. Why a gearbox is needed in a shi

37、p driven by a medium-speed diesel engine?A. To reduce the main engine speed.B. To increase the main engine speed.C. To govern the main engine speed.D. To fix the propeller shaft.注：中速柴油机的齿轮箱是用来固定螺旋桨轴的，故选D。39. A propeller, in order to operate efficiently, must rotate at a relativelyspeed.A. highB. low

38、C, fastD. lowly注：螺旋楽旋转时低速才高效，故选B。Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Diesel Engine Work (船用柴油机是如何工作的）40. arrangements have low temperature air and high temperature exhaust gas passingthrough adjacent ports ， causing temperature differential problems for the liner material.A. Loop scavenge B. Cross scavenge C

39、. Uniflow scavenge D. Supercharge 注：回流扫气布置有低温的进气和高温的排气通过邻近的气口，会对缸套材料产生温差问题。Loop scavenge (回流扫气)Cross scavenge (横流扫气)Uniflow scavenge (直流扫气）Supercharge (增压）。按题意，选A。41. scavenge means both exhaust ports and scavenge ports are arranged to the same side.A. UniflowB. CrossC. LoopD. Straight注：回流扫气意思是扫气口和排

40、气口都布置在同一侧，故选c。42. tappet clearance will cause the exhaust valve to open early and close late in cycleand will increase its maximum lift.A. Excessive B. Insufficient C. Correct D. None of the above注：排气阀挺杆间隙过小将引起其在循环中早开迟关并增加其升程（A是间隙过大，C是间隙适当），故选B。 tappet clearance挺杆间隙。43. tappet clearance will cause t

41、he exhaust valve to open late and close early in cycle and will reduce its maximum lift.A. CorrectB. InsufficientC. ExcessiveD. None of the above注：排气阀挺杆间隙过大将引起其在循环中迟开早关并减少其升程，（与上题比较）故 选C.44. _ the cylinder will contain a great weight of air and will be capable of burning a great quantity of fuel.A.

42、At the end beginning of the compression strokeB. At the beginning of the suction strokeC. At the end of the working strokeD. At the end of the exhaust stroke注：在压缩行程初，气缸内将容纳了大量的空气，并能燃烧大量的燃油，选A。45. _ the supercharge pressure is, _ power an engine develops.A. The higher ； the moreB. Higher ； moreC. Hig

43、her ； littleD. The higher ； the less注：增压压力越大，柴油机输出功率越大，故选A。46. usually helps to induce air movement to assist combustion.A. Cylinder coverB, Main bearingC. The exhaust valveD. The piston movement注：活塞的运动有助于空气在气缸中流动，以利燃烧，故选D。47. A charge of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and thenby the mo

44、ving pistonvery high pressure.A. pressed ； toB. pressurized ； with C. pushed ； inD. compressed ； to注：新鲜空气被吸入到发动机气缸内，然后被运动的活塞压缩到很高的压力，故选D。48. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no_.A. cross-headB. cylinderC. connecting rod D. spark plug注：柴油机与汽油机类似，但是无火花塞，故选D。 e

45、xcept that除去一点之外。49. A low speed engine requiresreduction gearbox _ it and propeller.A. none ； bothB. no ； bothC. none ； between D. no ； between注：低速发动机用作主推进装置时，不需要减速齿轮箱（介于发动机和螺旋桨之间）， 选D。50. A reduction in load on a diesel engine results inof speed of the crankshaftA. a reductionB. an increaseC. an o

46、utingD. a downwards注：柴油机负荷减少会导致曲轴转速上升，选B。51. An increase in load on a diesel engine results inof speed of the crankshaft.A. a reductionB. an increaseC, an outingD. a downwards注：发动机负荷增加会导致曲轴转速下降，选A。52. An indicator diagram is a pressure-volume graph taken from the pressure in the_of aworking engine.A

47、. cran B. fuel pump C. scavenge trunk D. cylinder注：示功图可以用来表达发动机工作时某个缸内压力与体积的关系，选D。53. As a heat engine ， energy is the source of power by which the diesel engine can beoperated.A. electricB. heatC. mechanicalD. exhaust注：柴油机作为热机，热能是其功率的来源，故选B。54. At leastcylinders in a two-stroke engine will be confi

48、gured to ensure that the enginecan be started with the crankshaft at whatever position.A. 6B. 12C.4D. 8注：二冲程柴油机要能正常工作至少需要4个气缸，故选C。55. At leastcylinders in four-stroke engine will be configured to ensure that the enginecan be started with the crankshaft at whatever position.A. 6B.2C. 12D. 8注：四冲程柴油机要能

49、正常工作至少需要6个气缸，故选A。56. Charging-air pressure increases if there is incorrect combustion and drop in the_ofthe diesel engine.A. machine efficiencyB. machinery efficiencyC. mechanical efficiencyD. mechanics efficiency注：如果柴油机燃烧不良，机械效率下降，进气空气压力就会提高，故选C。57. Diesel engines are started by supplyinginto the c

50、ylinders in the appropriate se-quence for the required direction.A. cooling waterB. compressing air C. compressed air D. cylinder oil注：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通人压缩空气来实现的。压缩空气是被压缩的空气，应该用过去分词，故选c。58. Diesel engines are started by supplyinginto the cylinders in the appropriate se-quence for the requir

51、ed direction.A. fuel oilB. diesel oilC. compressed air D. jacket water注：柴油机的起动是通过按所需要的方向以合适的顺序向气缸通入压缩空气来实现的， (见上题）故选C。59. Due to action of pistons some relative motion between parts in contact in the coolantsupply and return system must occur.A. reciprocatingB. rotatingC. runningD. removing注：由于活塞的往复

52、运动，与冷却剂供应及返回管路接触的部件之间的某种相对运动必然发生，故选A。60. During the suction stroke ， the piston is moving_.A. inwardsB. outwardsC. downwardsD. upwards注：吸气冲程期间，活塞下行，故选C。61. During working, when the piston is near the， the air ignites the fine spray of fuel.A. TDCB. DTCC. BDCD. BCD注：发动机工作时，当活塞接近上止点时，空气便点燃细雾状的燃油，（TDC是

53、上止点， BDC是下止点。）故选A。62. Enginerefers to the relative time of position of crank ， at which each operation dur-ing the cycle is commenced and is completed.A. timingB. deviationC. firing orderD. phase注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，故选A。63. Enginerefers to the relative time of position of crank ，

54、at which each operation dur-ing the cycle is commenced and is completed.A. timingB. powerC. firing orderD. dead center注：发动机的定时指的是曲拐位置的相对时间，在此定时下，循环的每个动作开始和完成，（见上题）故选A。64. Exhaust temperature increases in all cylinders ， the possible cause may be_.I increased scavenging air temperature II air in fuel

55、 pumps and fuel valves III fouling of air and gas passages.A. I + IIB. I + IIIC. II + IIID. I + II + III注：所有气缸的排温上升，可能原因有：扫气空气温度过高，空气和废气通道污垢，喷油泵和油头存在空气往往会造成喷油延时，故选B。65. For a diesel engine, when the piston is at the_. the cylinder volume is the largest.A. TDC B. DTC C. BDC D. DBC注：当活塞处于下止点时，活塞和气缸构成的

56、容积最大，故选C。66. For an ordinary four-stroke diesel engine the exhaust valves close_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在上止点之后关闭，故选A。67. For an ordinary four-stroke engine the exhaust valves open_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：对于四冲程机，排气阀往往在下止点之前打开。可参考四冲程机的定时圆图分析，故选D。68. For an ordinary four-stroke engine the inlet valves open_.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. before BDC注：对于四冲程机，进气阀往往在上止点之前打开，故选B。69. For an ordinary modem marine four-stroke engine the inlet valves close _.A. after TDCB. before TDCC. after BDCD. bef