英语专业四级必备练习

1、TEST41. When a statement is negated, its presupposition is .当一个语句的否定，其前提是 A. still true B. falseC. also negated D. neither true nor false （正确答案： A ）2. Pragmatic failure may occur 语. 用失误可能发生A. among learners of a foreign language only B. in cross-cultural communication onlyC. in both cross-cultural a

2、nd intra-cultural communication D. among speakers of the same language only（正确答案： C ）在跨文化和文化交流中3. Which of the following is a pair of relational antonyms? 关系反义词A. dead/alive B. large/small C. male/female D. husband/wife （正确答案： D ）4. The sentence “ John bought a Ford” “ John bought a car.”A. presuppo

3、ses B. entails C. is synonymous with D. is consistent with（正确答案： B ）需要5. The inference of conventional implicature depends on .常规含 意的 推导 A. the context of communication B. the hearer s' knowledge of the languageC. the shared knowledge of the speaker and the hearer D. the hearer ' s knowledge

4、 of the CP.（正确答案： B ）6. The relation between the words“ animal ” and “ monkey” is that of .A. synonymy B. polysemy C. antonymy D. hyponymy（正确答案： D ）上下义关系7. According to Searle ' s classification of speech acts, the act of“ advisingto the category of .A. directives B. commissives C. expressives D

5、. assertives （正确答案： A ）指令8. Which of the following utterances can serve as an example of the type of speech acts called “ declarations ”?A. I ' m awfully sorry for stepping on your toes. B. You are fired!C. Will you sit down please? D. The earth is a globe. （正确答案： B ）9. The exchange below can be

6、 used as an illustration of . A: Your newskirt is really nice!B: No, no. It is very cheap.A. a grammatical mistake B. flouting of the maxim of manneC. a pragmatic failure D. the violation of CP （正确答案： C ）语用失误10. In the exchange below the second speaker has flouting the maxim违反准贝U of . A: The movie w

7、e saw last night was fantastic, don'tyou think?B: The sound effect was good.A. quality B.relationC. quantity D. manner（正确答案：C ）ll.The relation between“ Christopher realized that Winnie was gone” and “ Winn» was gone is.A. synonymyB. en tailme ntC. presuppositi onD.incon siste ncy（正确答案：C ）预设

8、12.“ carefulin the phrase“ a very careful girl”isA. specifierBmodifierC.headD. compleme nt（正确答案：B ）修饰语13. The sentence“ c ? ”“ C . ”A. en tailsB.con tradictsC.presupposesD. ini cudes（正确答案：C ）预设14. Predication analysis预测分析 is a way proposed by the structural semanticists结构语义学 to analyze the meaning o

9、f a.A. morpheme B. word C. phrase D. sentence（正确答案：D ）15. The function of the utteranee“ Nice weather, isn ' t it? ” isA. refere ntialB. directive C. phatic D. descriptive（正确答案：C ）16. Tran sformatio nal rules do not cha nge the basicof senten ces.A. form B. structure C. meaningD. sound pattern（正

10、确答案：C ）17. “ Lift and “ elevator a” used respectively in British English and AmericanEn glish, but they refer to the same thi ng. The words aresynony ms.A. collocationalB. dialectal C. complete D. stylistic（正确答案：B ）方言18. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts言外行为 whose point is to committhe s

11、peaker to some future course of acti on are called.A. commissives B. directives C. expressives D. declaratives（正确答案：A ）承诺19. In the phrase structure rule “S NP VP , the arrow can be read as.A. is equal toB. con sists of C. has D. gen erates（正确答案：B ）20. Tran sformati onal rules do not cha nge the bas

12、icof senten ces.A. form B. structure C. meaningD. sound pattern（正确答案：C ）1. Utteranee meaning 话语意义 is richer than sentence meaning; it is identical withthe purpose for which the speaker utters the senten ce.2. A locutionary is the act of saying something in the full sense of“ say ” .3. Specific acts

13、that fall into each type share the same illocutionary 言夕卜 point, butdiffer in their strength.4. Every act of oste nsive com mun icatio n 明示交际 com muni cates the presumpti on ofits own optimal releva nee. 最佳 关联性5. Reference参照 is what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals w

14、ith the relati on ship betwee n the lin guistic eleme nt and the non-li nguistic world of experie nee.6. An argument is a logical participant in a predication, largely identical with the nominal eleme nts in a senten ce.三、True or False （每小题2.0分，总共20.0分）1. The same semantic feature occurs in one part

15、 of speech only. For example, "female" occurs only in nouns such as "mother", "woma n" "girl" "tigress" and so on but not in other parts of speech.（正确答案：错误）2. According to Searle's classification of illocutionary acts, inviting, ordering, advisin

16、g, promising and apologizing all fall into the category of directives.（正确答案： 错误）3丄inguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.o （正确答案：错误）4.An important difference between presupp

17、osition and entailment is that presuppositi on, un like en tailme nt, is not vuln erable to n egati on. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true。（正确答案: 正确） 预 设和蕴涵的重要区别是，预设不像蕴涵，是不容易的否定。也就是说，如果一个 句子是否定的，原先的前提仍然是真实的5.Of the views concerning the study of sema n

18、tics 语义,the con textual view, which places the study of meaning in the con text in which Ian guage is used, is ofte n considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense.语用意识。（正确答案：正确）6. When performing an illocutionary act of representative, the speaker is making a statement or g

19、iving a description which he himself believes to be true。（正确答案: 正确）7. Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situati on of com muni cati on or simply in con text.。（正确答案：正确）8. “above” and “ below” are a pair of complementary anton

20、yms。（正确答案： 错误）9. Dialectal synonyms can often be found in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but cannot be found within the variety itself, for example, within British En glish or America n En glish。. （正确答案： 错误）10.0nly when a maxim under Cooperative Principle 合作

21、原贝U下的一条准贝U is blatantly violated 公然违反 and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise。（正确答案： 正确）TEST 51. The children know the taboo words 禁忌词,the polite forms of adress, duringA. atypical developme ntB. grammatical developme ntC. pragmatic developmentD. vocabular

22、y development您的答案：C语用发展2. theorized that acquisiti on of Ian guage is an inn ate process 与生俱 来的过程 determined by biological factors which limit the important period for acquisiti on of a Ian guage from roughly two years of age to pubery.A. In put Hypothesis B. Critical Period HypothesisC. In teractio

23、 n Hypothesis D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis您的答案：B临界周期假说3. In first Ian guage acquisiti on, i mitati on plays.A. a minor role B. a sig nifica nt roleC. a basic roleD. no role您的答案：A小角色4. Linguists have found that for the vast majority of children, Ianguagedevelopme nt occurs.A. with little con scious in s

24、tructi onB. with much imitatio nC. with much correct ion from their pare ntsD. with little lin guistic in put您的答案：A5. In the followi ng stateme nts about motivati on, which one is NOT true?A. It is defined as the learner' s attitudes and affective state or learning drive.B. It has a strong impac

25、t on a learner' s efforts in learning a second Ianguage.C. It occurs only whe n lear ners lear n a sec ond Ian guage for exter nal purpose.D. It plays an important role in learner' s use of learning strategies.您的答案：C6. The meaning that can be found in the dicti onary is themeaning of a word.

26、A. conno tativeB. iconic C. culture D. deno tative您的答案：D外延7. The Sap ir-Whorf Hypothesis is about萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说A. Ian guage and thought B.Ian guage and tran slati onC. cultural structure D.sec ond Ian guage acquisiti on您的答案：A8. The fact that a lexical item 一个词项 may undergo a shift in meaning is called in

27、 lin guistics.A. wide ning of meaning B. n arrow ing of meaningC. mea nin g-shiftD. losi ng of mea ning您的答案：C mea nin g-shift9. Lan guage cha nge is.A. con ti nu ous, regular, systematic, but not uni versalB. uni versal, con ti nu ous, but not regular and systematicC. always regular and systematic,

28、but not uni versal and continu ousD. uni versal, continu ous and, to a large exte nt, regular and systematic您的答案：D普遍的，连续的，在很大程度上，定期和系统的10. Around the age of two, children begin to produce two-word utterances such as“ mommy sock' , which the following statements describes its feature?A. This kind

29、 of speech is called caretaker talk.B. This kind of speech is called telegraphic speech.C. There are content words in the speech.D. There are not fun ctio n eleme nts in the speech.您的答案：A11. The Ian guage characteristic of people of the same social backgro und is calledA. idolect B. gender speechC.

30、sociolect D. local dialect您的答案：C方言12. The most strik ing differe nee betwee n the Ian guage of the old and that of theyoung is found.A. in the words they use B. in their pronun ciati onC. in the way they con struct senten cesD. in the way they use body Ian guage您的答案：A13. Accordi ng to Fergus on'

31、 s inv estigati on, the hrnghofor Ian guage is used in allthe followi ng situatio ns in a diglossic country EXCEPT.A. uni versity lectures B. n ews broadcastC. capti on on political carto onD. serm on in Church您的答案：C政治漫画标题14. Accordi ng to Sap ir-Whorf Hypothesis, which of the followi ng is NOT true

32、?A. Differe nt Ian guages offer people differe nt ways of express ing the world around.B. Lan guage structure people habitually use shows no in flue nee on people ' s behavior.C. Lan guage filters peopleway they categorize experie nces.D.Lan guage patter ns determ ine or in flue nee people'

33、s thi nking and behavior.您的答案：B人们习惯性地使用语言结构对人们的行为没有影响。15. Which of the follow ing about the relati on ship betwee n Ian guage and culture is NOT true?A. Lan guage use is tin ted with its culture.B. The relati on ship is an alogous to that of structures and processes.C. Lan guage expresses cultural r

34、eality.D. The relati on ship of Ian guage to culture is that of part to whole.您的答案：B这种关系类似于结构和过程的关系。16. The culture that is abstract, ambiguous and hidde n refers to.A. spiritual culture B. folk cultureC. the products of natureD. what is born and grows您的答案：A17. “ Radar” is a/an.A. ble ndingB. acrony

35、m C. clipp ingD. coin age您的答案：D货币制度18. The study of how Ian guage is lear ned is called.A. applied lin guistics B. Ian guage acquisiti onC.psycholi nguisticsD. pragmatics您的答案：B19. Among the following theories, which has nothing to do with child Ianguage acquisiti on?A. The contextualist views. B. Th

36、e behaviorist views.C. The innatist views.D. The interationist views.您的答案：A20. According to some investigations, all the following characterize womenspeakers ' speech EXCEPT.A. they tend to use such words as awfully, terrible more ofte n tha n menB. they tend to be more correct in their usage th

37、a n menC. they tend to speak more quickly than menD. they tend to use questi on tags more ofte n tha n men您的答案：C21. What description is TRUE with sta ndard dialect?A. It is related to some particular group of Ian guage users in China.B. It is a socially prestigious dialect of a Ianguage, hence a soc

38、iolect.C. It is a superimposed form above over the range of regi onal dialect.D. It is most correct in linguistic forms among all the Ianguage varieties to linguists. 您的答案：C这是一个叠加的形式以上的区域方言的范围。22. The famous line“ My love is a red, red rose” stirs up th aibeagitifttion oyoung lady. This is themeanin

39、g.A.deno tativeB. iconic C.conno tativeD. cultural您的答案：B标志性的23. The follow ing is the Ian guage used by two speakers A and B.A:I did it yesterday. B: I done it yesterday.He hasn' got it. A It was she that said it It was her what said it.From this we can infer that.A. A and B ' s relative soc

40、ial status can roughly be estimatedB. And B have come from differe nt regi onsC. A and B display different linguistic skills and linguistic competenceD. A and B have lear ned differe nt Ian guages at school您的答案：A,B方的相对社会地位可以粗略估计24.lt is true that words may shift in meaning, i.e. semantic change. The

41、 semantic cha nge of the word tail bel ong to.A. n arrow ing of meaningB. meaning shiftC. widening of meaningD. loss of meaning您的答案：C意义扩大25. As late as the fiftee n and sixtee nth cen turies, one could merely add not at the end of an affirmative sentence to negate it, as in I Love thee not. However,

42、 in modernEnglish, people will say“I do not love you. ” This shows change inA. vocabulary B. agreeme nt ruleC. syn tactic relati onsD. n egati on rule您的答案：D否定规则26. is defi ned as any region ally or socially defi nable huma n groupidentified by shared linguistic system.A. A speech community B. A race

43、 C. A society D. A country您的答案：A言语社区27. Variatio n in Ian guage use is also associated with the sex of in dividual speakers Which of the following term does this definition fit for?A. Register Variatio nB. Gen der Variatio nC. Education Variation D. Age Variation您的答案：B28. Which socioli nguistic con

44、cept does this follow ing say ing bel ong to? If we don' t beg in study ing for the fin al, a whole semester ' s work is going dow n the tubes.A. Slang B. Euphemism C. Taboo D. Ethnic dialect 您的答案：A俚语29. Which of the following statements is NOT true about Black English?A. Black En glish has

45、its own features at the sound, word, and sentence level.B. Black En glish is spoke n by a small sector of privileged blacks.C. Black En glish tends to impress people as un educated and in ferior.D. Black En glish is just ano ther non-sta ndard variety of En glish.您的答案：B黑人英语是由一个小部门的特权黑人所说的。30. Among

46、the following terms for the types of Ianguage, which is considered a more neutral terms 中立项?A. Sta ndard Ian guageB. non-sta ndard Ian guageC. Dialects D. Speech variety您的答案：D言语变体31. In Halliday ' s terms registers rtofe.A. the Ian guage used for a certa in occupati onB. the type of Ian guage se

47、lected as appropriate to a type of situati onC. the area of operati on of the Ian guage activityD. the cha nnel of com muni cati on selected as appropriate for a certa in situati on 您的答案：B选定的语言类型为适当的一种情况32. variety refers to speech variati on accordi ng to the particular areawhere a speaker comes fr

48、om.A. RegionalB. Social C. Stylistic D. Idiolectal您的答案：A区域33. in a person' s speech, or writing, usually ranges on a continuum fromcasual to formal accord ing to the type of com muni cative con text.A. Regi onal variati onB. Social variatio nC. Stylistic variati on D. Idiolectal variati on 您的答案：C语体二、True or False （每小题 2.0 分，总共 18.0 分）1. The reason for French to use cheval and for English to use horse to re