高考英语阅读五大常考考点解析加练习

1、高考英语阅读五大常考考点解析加练习导语：高考英语阅读是高考英语试卷上的重中之重。把握好高考阅读的常考点，有的放矢地阅读，才能在考场上发挥优秀。下面是小编为大家整理的资深高考专家为大家总结的高考英语阅读五大常考考点的解析和练习，希望能够帮助大家备考高考英语阅读。第一点：开头结尾常考在高中阶段，我们常见的文章体裁有三种，分别是记叙文、说明文、议论文。记叙文开头交待文章的时间、地点、人物关系，结尾往往总结出文章的主旨抑或有几句含金量很高的句子，可以作为推断题细节题滋生的天然土壤。说明文开头总写，每段第一句话总写该段段意，最后一段下结论，总结全文。议论文开头引出话题抑或提出论点，最后一段总结论点。从中

2、同学们可以看出，无论是记叙文、说明文、议论文，文章中最重要最帅气的段落，往往是开头结尾，所以对于开头结尾我们一定要认真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句话。例文：All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral， vegetable， and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.1. The author

3、wants to tell us_.A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depthsB. that scientists try to make use of resourcesC. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknownD. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it点评：这是一道主旨题，通过文章的最后一段我们可以知道，正确答案是D.这题我我们也可以利用“十大无赖原则”中的

4、综合选项原则，只读选项发现D选项是A、B选项的综合，所以D选项正确的概率比较高。第二点：因果关系常考一篇文章中出现because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或结果的词引导的语句，往往含金量非常高，是出题老师出细节题的最爱。例文：Fus soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “Ill tell you，” Fu said. “But if your restaura

5、nt going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”1. The food is called brains becauseA. it looks like brains B. it has animal brains in itC. Fus mother liked the name D. it makes one clever and live longer2. Be

6、fore Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food， one of the things he demanded was thatA. the restaurant shouldnt offer any other foodB. the restaurant should use his mothers nameC. the shape of the food must never be changedD. the food must be used to help sick people点评：这同样是一篇文章的最后一段，出现了两道题目

7、，而且第一题可以通过文中because of its shape and colour.选择正确答案A.第二题这有最后一句话after my mother以母之名，可知选择B.第三点：转折关系常考我们在听力中经常听到某个男孩子约女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。Id love to， but I am busy now.显然强调的不是Id love to而是but I am busy now.阅读中也是一样，出现but/however/whereas等表示转折的词引导的语句往往成为细节题的出题点。例文：All these early dives were deep. But the divers

8、could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded， Cousteau， a Frenchman， was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet

9、for a week.1. Which of the following statements is true?A. The early divers could not stay down for very longB. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratoryC. The purpose of undersea laboratories is to make plans for the resources in the oceanD. It is easy to explore t

10、he plant and animal life in the deep ocean点评：通过文章中的All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long我们可以知道正确答案是A.而其中的B选项可以利用“十大无赖原则”中的绝对化选项原则将其排除，因为出现only等绝对化的选项过于极端，往往是错误选项。第四点：比较关系常考这点同学们平时注意得很少，但是如果同学们有心，可以回去看一看你们考过的卷子就会发现比较关系出现的地方，十之八九都会有考题出现，当然这里的比较关系及包括了比较级也包括了最

11、高级。原因很简单，比较关系涉及几个事物之间的比较，能够很好地说明事物的特征，这样的句子，对于出题老师来说具有很大的诱惑力。例文：Along the way， Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies， the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students， and the larger a student

12、， the more heat he produces. It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking， overweight boy student who is very clever in the university.1. Which of the following persons would produce the least heat?A. A fa

13、t boy students who is clever and studies hardB. A thin girl students who is not clever and does not study hardC. A thin boy students who is clever and studied hardD. A fat girl students who is both clever and hardworking2. In the last sentence， the “hottest prospect” refers toA. the person who produ

14、ces the most heatB. the person who suffers most from heatC. the person who takes in the most heatD. the person who bears the most heat点评：由原文中比较级出现的部分不难得出第一题答案为B，第二题答案为A.第五点：数字关系常考文章中的数字，表明时间、特征量间的数量关系，对于说明事物特征具有文字所不能及的作用。例文：In the United States Government， the laws are made by the Congress， which ha

15、s the House of Representatives and the Senate. They are almost equal in power. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years， and the number from each state is determined by the population of the

16、 state.1. The House of Representatives has more members than the Senate.A. 100 B. 435C. 535 D. 335点评：由原文The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years可知答案为D.文中出现的数字为100和435，运用了减法。数字题往往需运用简单的四则运数，但

17、是绝对不可能出现开平方，求微分等高级的数学运数。高考英语阅读理解解题排除法详解1.包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对A)选项的理解概括了对其它三项 (或其中某一项)的理、解，那么我们就说选项A) 与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项A)往往就是正确答案。如在“花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是“花”，花包含了玫瑰, 因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。Living in a residence hall (学生宿舍)carries certain obligation.(义务) You have to be considerate of others,especially during s

18、tudy hours. Telephone calls and visits by friends should beshort. You have to cooperate in keeping the room as sanitary(卫生) as possible. It is sometimes hard to be tolerant(容忍的) of another persons habits that may differ from your own.24.What must you learn to be tolerant of if you live in a dormitor

19、y?A) Your roommates telephone callsB) Habits that may differ from your ownC) Visits by your roommate's friendsD) Roommates who are unsanitary【原文题意】:住学生宿舍要受一些约束。你必须要考虑他人习惯，特别是在学习的时间。打电话及接待朋友来访的时间尽量要短。你还得齐心协力与室友尽可能保持好寝室卫生。有时候你是很难容忍别人不同的生活习惯。)个案解析：从四个选项分析中我们可以看出，选项B)“与你不同的生活习惯”其实就包含并概括了其他三选项，即A)室友的

20、电话、C)室友的朋友来访、D)室友不爱卫生，这些都是你不能接受的生活习惯。如果我们可以选A)、C)、D)任一选项，那么B)也可以选，但正确答案只有一个，所以我们只能选B)。再如: Q: The three examples are cited to show that_.A. Quit smoking is necessaryB. Healthy habitsbenefit our healthC. Fruits and vegetables are better than milkD. We should drink more water everyday.个案解析：答案为B。 显而易见，B

21、为包含项，概括了A、C、D三项，即 “quit smoking, have more fruits and vegetables anddrink more water”都是“Healthy habits”。Q:In the building of the rail lines, _.A. more equipment made in China should be usedB. more imported equipment should be usedC. more exported equipment should be usedD. more equipment used in inf

22、rastructure(基础) projects should be used个案解析：正确答案为A。选项A命题(应该使用更多的国产设备)包含了选项C命题(应该使用更多的出口设备)，因为出口设备本身就意味着它是国产设备。包含项原则预示：选项中内容全面、概况性强的，往往是正确答案。2. 正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中A)、B)互为正反项，那我们通常先排除C)、D)项，正确答案一般在A)、B)项当中取其一。They feel they are poor listeners w

23、hen they think about something else while the other is talking or when they are tired, or not interested in what she orhe is talking about. Most people listen only with their ears.According to the passage, listening only with ears may happen to us when_A) we are emotionally tiredB) we are physically

24、 disabledC) we are so interested in the topicD) we are asked many questions【原文意】:当他们心不在焉, 感到厌倦, 或对他/她谈论的话题不感兴趣的时候，他们就会觉得自己不是一个好的听众了。他们大多数人仅仅是用耳朵而非用心去听。个案解析：四个选项中，A)与C)陈述互相矛盾, 互为正反项。我们什么时候不会用心去听? A)我们情绪厌倦的时候，C)我们对话题很感兴趣的时候。显然这两个选项是矛盾正反判断，只有一个而且必有一个是真，所以我们可以先排除B)、D)选项，然后再结合我们下文将要提及的常识项原则，可以把答案确定为A)。再看

25、一例：The main problem is that our neighbor worlds appear to be unsuitable for advanced life forms. The moon may be the case first, it has hardly any atmosphere. Venus is little better, but the surface's temperature is veryhigh. Mars with thin atmosphere and little water cannot support the living n

26、ecessity of the animals.Q:There is unlikely any life on Venus because_.A.it has very thin atmosphereB.the surface temperature is too hotC.the weather is too coldD.it is extremely short of water个案解析：B项(表面温度太热)与C项(气候太寒冷)语义相反互为正反项。根据正反项原则，可以排除A、D项，然后在B、C项中选其一，这样，考生至少可以在不看原文的前提下把答案的命中率从25%提高到50%。其实，此题为细

27、节题，根据原文第三句，我们可以把答案确定为B。正反项原则预示: 陈述内容或基调完全相反的两选项往往有一个是正确答案。3.委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达，如：probably, possibly, may, usually,might, most of, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary,although, yet, in addition，tend to，be liable to等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往

28、不是正确答案，如：must, always, never, the most,all, every, any, merely, only, completely, none, hardly，already等等。Q: According to the first two paragraphs, _.A).the use of water is a completely new conceptB) the sea has already long been used as a way of powerC) water is a source of energy far more economica

29、l than any other energiesD) water, if properly handled, may present a promising solution to energycrisis.个案解析：很明显，根据委婉原则，正确答案应该为D, 其他三项都含有过于肯定语气的词，如：completely, has already, far morethan any other。而选项D比较委婉，if分词短语使说话留有余地，情态动词may使语气相对平缓. 再如：56.The opinion of the writer is that_.A. there may be other i

30、ntelligent beings in the universeB. there are other intelligent beings in the universeC. people living on the earth are almost certainly the only intelligent beings in the universeD. people living on the earth are definitely the only intelligent beings in the universe个案解析：答案为A。根据委婉项原则，我们先可以把含有绝对语气词a

31、lmost，certainly， definitely，the only的C、D项先排除，对比A、B项，我们会发现A项与B项所表达意思相近，但A项含有推测情态词may，使得它所表述的语气比B项更委婉，所以答案应该为A项。24.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Working hard is a basic requirement of all employees.B. Good writing skills alone help you succeed in any fieldC. The only quali

32、fication for getting hired by a company is good communicationskillsD. While the importance of ones ability to communicate increases, hisprofessional background may become increasingly less important.个案解析：答案：D。选项A(工作努力是对所有员工最起码的要求);选项B(单凭好的写作技能可使你在任何领域取得成功)、C(被聘任上的唯一条件就是要有良好的表达技能)都过于绝对化;选项D(当交流表达能力重要

33、性上升时，专业技术背景的重要性就可能会相应降低)中“may”表推测的情态动词使语气较为平缓，所以有可能是正确答案。4.同形项原则几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的“球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。The development of rapid transit rail lines in cities should parallellocal economic develop

34、ment and blind construction of such lines should beavoidedIt stressed that the amount of domestically made equipment used in such infrastructure projects needs to be increased.16.The rapid-transit rail lines should _.A. develop as quickly as possibleB. develop with local economic developmentC. devel

35、op after local economic developmentD. develop with the construction industry个案解析：答案为B。经语言形式与结构分析，我们不难发现B、C选项形式与结构相似(仅with与after一词之差)为同形项，所以可先试着排除A、D。再结合常识(常识项原则/下文)：高速路轨的建设应该与地方经济互相促进、同步发展，可最终确定答案为B。检验：根据原文中的“parallel”(与平行)可以确定上述分析结果正确。5.常识项原则在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。Trees ar

36、e useful to man in three import ways: they provide him with wood andother products; they give him shade; and they help to prevent droughts andfloods. Unfortunately, in many parts of the world, man has not realized thatthe third of these services is the most important.Q:What is the most important ser

37、vice of trees to man according to the passage?A. They help him make moneyB. They give him wood and other productsC. They help him prevent droughts and floodsD. They give him shade个案解析：答案为C，这是常识项。植树造林是我国的一大国策，目的在于防止洪涝、风沙、旱灾，这是我国公民的普遍常识，所以C为正确答案：树木可以帮助人类阻挡洪涝与旱灾。相对于其它三项，C项意义更加深远。 其实，根据“Unfortunately(语义

38、转折标志)，in many parts of the world, manhas not realized that the third of these services is the most important，”我们也可以得出C项为正确答案。再如：If Mrs. Abby dies after he has paid premiums for one or two years only, theinsurance company will lose heavily. But if she lives to the age of seventyor beyond, the insuran

39、ce company will make a profit.Q:According to the passage, the insurance company will make great profits.A. If the premium(保险费)is increased so the company can earn moremoney each year.B. If nobody above seventy buys insurance against death.C. If most insurancebuyers live longer than the average lengt

40、h of life.D. If most insurance buyers live shorter than theaverage length of life.个案解析：答案为C，这也是常识项。众所周知，保险公司之所以能盈利，那是因为被保险的对象平安无事，所以，人活得越长，他交的保险额就越多，保险公司利润就越高，所以C为正确答案：如果投保人比普通人活得更长。注意：人的平均年龄往往是保险公司设置保率的基准。另外，此题根据“But (语义转折标志)if she lives to the age ofseventy or beyond, the insurance company will ma

41、ke a profit.”也可以推断出答案为C。6.集合项原则四个选项中，如果有一项是其它两项或三项的集合，那么此集合项往往就是正确答案。其表现形式为：A and B; A, B and C; Both A and B; all of the aboveitems。The Antarctic is a continent almost as large as Europe and Australia combined, surrounded by the mostunobstructed water areas of the world- the Atlantic, Pacific, and

42、Indian Oceans.Q:Antarctic is bordered (与接壤) by the _.A ) Atlantic ocean . B) Pacific OceanC) Indian Ocean. D) All of theabove个案解析：D项为集合项，覆盖了A/B/C三项内容，是正确答案。根据最后一句“南极被大西洋、太平洋和印度洋活水域所环绕，”答案就应该是D项。再如：In his eagerness to make money from trees, he has cut them down in largenumbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.And besides, he is usually too careless to plant and look after new trees. So the forests slowly disappear.47.Why do forests in many parts of the world slowly disappear?A. New trees are not looked after properly .B. Many tree