(整理)ecology英语词汇.

1、精品文档生态学词汇:agroecology农业生态学abundance丰度，丰富abiotic components非生物组分assimilate同化assimilation同化作用aquatic水生的，水域的，水栖的aquatic ecosystem水生生态系统algae藻类，海藻一ammonium氨age structure年龄结构area effect面积效应atmospheric cycle气相型循环ammonification氨化作用acid rain酸雨acid deposition酸性沉降物asexual reproduction无性繁殖aquaculture水产养殖annual

2、 weeds一年生草本abandoned field废弃农田alternative energy sources替代能源adaptation适应alternative farming替代农作adaptative radiation适应辐射aerobic respiration有氧呼吸agroforestry农林业alien species外源种ancient forest原始森林altitude纬度anaerobic respiration无氧呼吸arable land耕地autotroph自养生物aphid甥虫boundary边界biotic components生物组分biotic pop

3、ulation生物种群biotic community生物群落biomass生物量（用重量或能量单位表示）biome生物群系，区域性生物群落类型boreal forest北方针叶林beaver海狸biosphere生物圈biological nitrogen fixation生物固氮biological oxygen demand (BOD)生物需氧量biotic potential生物潜能（生殖潜能）biodiversity生物多样性biogeochemical cycles生物地球化学循环biological magnification生物放大作用biotrophic parasite活体

4、寄生物biodegradable生物能降解的biological control生物防治biennials两年生的biotic factors生物因子birth control生育控制broad-spectrum pesticides光谱杀虫剂behavioral ecology行为生态学biocoenosis生物群落biotope（群落）生境cultivation栽培，驯养climate change气候变化carbonhydrate碳水化合物carbon cycle碳循环Calcium carbonate碳酸钙coral reef珊瑚礁carrying capacity环境容纳量clump

5、ed dispersion成丛分布commensalism偏利作用competitive exclusion竞争排斥coevolution协同进化camouflage伪装climax community顶极群落consumer消费者carnivores肉食动物canopy冠层coniferous forest针叶林convergent evolution趋同进化clear-cut采伐空地contour plowing等高耕作crop rotation作物轮作cowbird燕八哥carbon dioxide concentration二氧化碳浓度cellulose纤维素closed system

6、封闭系统coexistence共存courtship求偶（期）crude birth rate粗出生率compost有机肥料，堆肥continental ecosystem陆地生态系统distribution分布decomposition分解，腐烂，降解discipline学科degradation退化desertification沙化，荒漠化deciduous forest落叶林decomposer分解者detritus有机残体1 density-independent controls非密度制约density-dependent controls密度制约distance effect距离效

7、应detritivore食碎屑者detrital food chain腐生食物链deforestation破坏植被；森林砍伐denitrification反硝化作用deepsea fishery深海渔业dominant species优势种dilution effect稀释效应ecological生态学的，生态的ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统environment环境environmentalism环境论，环境保护论ecologist生态学家，生态学者earthworm蚯蚓ecological efficiency生态效率entropy嫡endothermic animal温血

8、动物，恒温动物ectothermic animal冷血动物，变温动物El Nino厄尔尼诺现象estuary河口，江口ecosystem function生态系统功能euphotic zone透光层ecological pyramid生态金字塔ecosystem value生态系统价值ecological nicheexponential growth生态位指数型增长energy flow能流environmental reservoir环境库evaporation蒸发ecosystem modeling生态系统模拟environmental gradient环境梯度energetic tra

9、de-off能量平衡equilibrium平衡emergent挺水植物，突出树丛epiphyte附生植物extinction灭绝exotic species外来种endangered species濒于灭绝的物种ecotone群落交错区ecotourism生态旅游external cost外部成本ecological crisis生态危机fungi真菌first law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律food chain食物链food web食物网flux流（量）fossil fuels化石燃料fixed action pattern固定行为模式fundamental nic

10、he基础生态位feedback反馈fern蕨类植物flagship species旗舰种feedback loop反馈环floating-leaved aquatic plant浮叶水生植物gross primary productivity(GPP)总初级生产力grazing food chain草牧食物链geological uplifting地质抬升greenhouse effect温室效应greenhouse gases温室气体green revolution绿色革命guild共位群grasshopper蝗虫genetic drift遗传漂变global warming全球变暖geot

11、hermal power地热能geographic isolation地理隔离green manure绿肥genetic diversity遗传多样性hunter-gatherer society狩猎-采集社会herbivore草食动物hydrological cycle水循环habitat生境human intervention人类干扰humus腐殖质hummingbird蜂鸟habitat fragmentation生境片段化heterotroph异养生物herbcide除草剂hazardous waste有害废物hydrosphere水圈homeostasis动态平衡interact相互

12、作用irrigation灌溉individual level个体水平nfrared spectrum红外光区industrial nitrogen fixation工业固氮infiltration rate渗漏速度inverted ecological pyramid倒生态金字塔impermeable layer不透水层intraspecific competition种内克争interspecific competition种间竞争intertidal zone潮间带instinctive behavior先天性行为inshore fishery沿海渔业sotope同位素ce-cap冰盖，冰

13、帽intermediate disturbance hypothesis中度干扰假说inorganic fertilizer无机肥料interplanting间作integrated pest management综合害虫管理island biogeography岛屿生物地理学edge effect边缘效应indicator species指示生物infant mortality rate幼体死亡率intercropping间作invasive species入侵物种infectious disease传染病keystone species关键种kinetic energy动能K-strate

14、gistsK-对策者landscape ecology景观生态学Lindemann efficiency林德曼效率lynx狰痢，山猫life table生命表life expectancy平均寿命limiting resource限制性资源limiting factors限制因子logistic growth逻辑斯谛增长leafcutting ants切叶蚁leaching渗漏land-use planning土地利用规划law of tolerance耐性定律law of conservation of energy能量受恒定律Lyme disease莱姆关节炎病lithosphere岩石圈

15、lentic ecosystem静水生态系统management of ecosystem生态系统管理mycorrhizal fungi菌根真菌mineralization矿化作用marine system海洋生态系统methane甲烷mortality rate死亡率mutualism互利共生maximum fatal temperature最高致死温度mimicry拟态migratory birds候鸟maximum sustainable yield最大持续收获量marginal cost边际成本marginal benefit边际收益microclimate微气候（小气候）matapo

16、pulation联种群minimum viable population最小可生存种群nematode线虫类natural resources自然资源net primary productivity (NPP)净初级生产力nutrient cycle养分循环nitrogen cycle氮循环nitrogen-fixing bacteria固氮菌nitrate硝酸盐neutral interaction中性作用nitrogen fixation氮固定nitrification硝化作用n-dimensional hypervolumen维超体积niche separation生态位分离necrot

17、rophic parasite尸养寄生物nonpoint source pollutant非点源污染物nonbiodegradable生物不能降解的native species本地种nature reserves自然保护区natural disasters自然灾害organism生物体，有机体overgrazing过度放牧organic matter有机质open system开放系统overlapping generations世代重叠one-way flow单向流动ozone layer臭氧层ozone hole臭氧空洞overexploitation过度开发利用overfishing过度

18、捕捞optimal foraging theory最适捕食理论oscillation波动，摆动oligotrophic（水域）贫营养的Omnivores杂食动物oil spill漏油productivity生产力pathogen病菌，病原体pesticide杀虫剂photosynthesis光合作用primary productivity初级生产力photosynthetic efficiency光合效率predator捕食者，肉食动物praying mantis螳螂phytoplankton浮游植物permafrost永冻带（土）phosphorus cycle磷循环parent mater

19、ial土壤母质population demography种群统计学，人口统计学population density种群密度spatial distribution空间分布predation捕食parasitism寄生parasite寄主，寄生者parasitoid拟寄生物pioneer species先锋种primary succession原生演替prairies草原primary producer初级生产者precipitation降水（量）photochemical smog光化学烟雾population fluctuation种群波动periodic fluctuation周期性波动p

20、rey猎物preadapted预适应的perennial weeds多年生草本positive feedback mechanism正反馈机制point source pollutant点源污染物power plant能源植物physiological ecology生理生态学photic zone透光层population dynamics种群动态protist原生生物resistance抗性，抵抗力regulation of ecosystem生态系统的调控respiration呼吸作用，呼吸root nodule根瘤red tides赤潮random dispersion随机分布reso

21、urce partitioning资源配置（分配）realized niche实际生态位remote sensing遥感restoration ecology恢复生态学system系统stability of ecosystem生态系统的稳定性soil erosion土壤侵蚀salinization盐化（作用）solar energy太阳能second law of thermodynamics热力学第二定律species diversity物种多样性sable紫貂，黑貂seal海豹standing biomass现存生物量static life table静态生命表survivorship curves存活曲线symbiosis共生（体）succession演替secondary succession次生演替structure of ecosystem生态系统的结构sedimentary cycle沉积型循环surface runoff地表径流soil acidification土壤酸化side effect副作用solid wastes固体废物shifti