通风机产品使用说明书

1、通风机产品使用说明书OPERATINGMANUALFANS目录一、用途3二、结构型式3三、主要零部件及装配关系5四、风机的安装调试和操作5五、风机的维护和保养8六、风机运转中主要故障及消除10TABLEOFCONTENTSI APPLICATION11II CONSTRUCTION11III MAJORPARTSANDASSEMBLY13IV INSTALLATIONANDOPERATION*14V MAINTENANCE19VI MAJORFAILURESINOPERATIONANDSOLUTIONS20用途通风机广泛应用于工厂、矿山、电站（厂）石油、化工、台金、轻纺、建材等各个行业的通风换

2、气、排烟除尘、物料输送、锅炉送、引风等。输送的介质主要为空气、烟气等，介质中所含的尘土或硬质颗粒不大于150mg/m3。所输送介质的温度，送风机一般要求不超过80°C,引风机一般要求不超过250°C。通常在引风机入口加装除尘效率较高的除尘装置，减少进入风机介质的含尘量，延长风机的使用寿命。二、结构型式通风机的结构形式一般分为两大类：一类为离心式，另一类为轴流式。离心式为轴向进风，径向出风。轴流式为轴向进风，轴向出风。从电动机一侧正视，叶轮顺时针旋转称为右旋风机，以“右”或者以“顺”表示。叶轮逆时针旋转称为左旋风机，以“左”或者以“逆”表示。风机的传动方式有A、B、C、D、E

3、、F六种，根据使用现场和机号大小而选用。离心式风机（1）离心风机不但有“左”“右”之分，还有机壳的出口角度之分，一般机壳出风口有0°、45°、90°、135°、180°、225°、270°七种角度。（2）叶轮：叶轮是通风机的关键部件，它是由一定数量的叶片、前盘、后盘、轴盘组成、叶片有机翼型、单板型。前盘可制成弧形或锥形，后盘为平板型。3）机壳：机壳是由蜗板、侧板、支腿、进口法兰、出口法兰等组成。为了运输方便，机壳可以制成二开箱或三开箱式，通过对口法兰螺栓联接到一起。4）进风口：进风口制成收敛流线型的整体结构，通过法兰联接，安

4、装在风机入口侧与叶轮同轴，使气体轴向顺利进入叶轮，流动损失小。5）传动组：风机的传动组由主轴、轴承箱、轴承及轴承装配组件油位指示器、温度计等组成。引风机的传动组备有冷水系统，现场须加装输水管。（6）调节门：调节门是用来调节风机流量的装置，D式风机调节门为花瓣式，调节门轴向安装在进风口前面，调节范围由90°（全闭）到0°（全开）。通过壳体外部转动的搬把进行调节，其搬把的位置从进风口方向看在右侧，对于右旋风机，搬把从下往上推是由全闭到全开方向，对于右旋风机，搬把由上往下拉是由全闭到全开方向。F式风机调节门的调节叶片为机翼型，采用联动柄进行调节。为使调节门各部正常工作，必须很好地

5、润滑，对通风机的调节门可采用钙钠基润滑脂润滑。对引风机因气体温度较高，润滑脂可采用二硫化钼高温（260°）润滑脂。7）传动组轴承润滑，送风机一般采用脂润滑，引风机一般采用油润滑，一般为30#机械油。三、主要零部件及装配关系离心风机的组成：叶轮、机壳、进风口（、调节门）、传动组、（皮带轮）、防护罩、地脚螺栓、测温仪表、油位指示器等。轴流风机的组成：叶轮、机壳、集风器、整流罩（整流体、）支架、传动组（直联风机无传动组、）联轴器（皮带轮。）在安装风机前，首先应准备好安装使用材料及工具，并对风机各部分的机件进行全面检查。叶轮雨机壳旋转方向是否一致，内部联接是否紧密，有无松动。主轴和轴承等主要

6、部件有无损伤，传动部是否灵活，如发现问题应及时检修调整好。然后用煤油清洗轴承内部。在安装过程中应该注意以下几点：1. 在安装时，一些结合面上为防止生锈，减少拆卸困难，应涂上润滑脂或机油。在安装接合面的螺栓时，如有定位销钉，应先上好销钉，再拧紧螺栓。2. 在安装时应注意检查机壳及其他体内，不应有掉入和遗留的工具、杂物。3. 安装要求：（1）风机安装时应先将风机的底座放到基础上，在基础表面和底座表面之间，插上垫铁，通过调整垫铁的厚度，达到安装要求垫铁必须成对使用，垫铁表面必须平整，每组垫铁一般不超过34块，厚铁放在下层，而最薄的应夹在中间，以免产生翘曲变形，同一组垫铁放置必须整齐，设备调好水平和方

7、位，再将每组垫铁焊接固定好。在调整水平过程中应结合地脚螺栓同时进行。（2）风机地脚螺栓采用二次灌浆法安装。地脚螺栓埋入基础上的预留孔，复校其方位精确度是否准确，然后将机身底座和基础混凝土间隙灌入足够的灰浆，以形成混凝土结构件。地脚螺栓预留孔的大小，按螺栓直径而定。对直径为2030mm的螺栓，预留孔的口子应为lOOmmX100mm,相应的孔底是llOmmX110mm;对直径大于30mm的地脚螺栓预留孔的口子是200mmX200mm,其相应孔底是220nmaX220mm。以上两种预留的孔深由螺栓长度规范决定。孔的纵切面是梯形即可。在灌入灰浆时，应特别注意收缩性、龟裂及施工有关规范，待灰浆充分硬化后

8、，才能拧紧地脚螺栓的螺帽。（3）在大型通风中，机壳与底座是分开的，机壳本身也往往分成几部分，此时应将机体底座、轴承底座按上述方法安装后，按顺序，边调整定子和转子间的间隙边组装。组装过程中，应注意重要部位是否有毛刺、卷边、变形等。组装时注意不要弄脏、不要撞击研合面，精心施工。（4）组装机壳是应以转子轴线为基准找正机壳的位置。进风口与叶轮进口圈的轴向插入深度和径向间隙，应调整到随机文件规定的范围内。套口形式的轴向伸进重叠段多半小于或等于叶轮直径的0.0080.012倍，其径向单面间隙，小于或等于叶轮直径的0.00150.0040倍。机壳后侧板轴孔应与主轴同心，不得互相刮碰。（5）轴承箱与底座应紧密

9、结合。整体安装的轴承箱找正、调整时，纵横向水平度用水平仪在轴承箱中分面上测量，纵向水平度也可在主轴上测量，其纵向水平度允差均应不超过0.11000。（6）左右分开式轴承箱找正、调平时，纵向水平度应用水平仪在其中分面上测量，主轴水平度在主轴上测量。水平度允差应符合下列要求：a每个轴承箱纵向水平度误差不超过0.041000；b每个轴承箱横向水平度误差不超过0.081000；c主轴水平度误差应不超过0.041000；d主轴与轴箱孔轴线在水平方向的同轴度误差不超过0.06mm;e保证主轴的水平位置，并测量主轴与机电轴同轴度及联轴器两端面的平行度。两轴的同轴度允差为0.05mm，联轴器两端面的平行度允差

10、为0.05mm。风机安装后，拨动转子，检查是否有过紧或与固定部分碰撞现象。安装风机进口和出口管道时，管道重量不应加在机壳上。安装进风管道时克直接利用进风口本身螺栓联接，此时进风口的固定靠三个沉头螺钉。全部安装后，经总检查合格后，方可试运转。4风机的试运转风机的试车应在无载荷（关闭进气管道砸门或调节阀门）的情况下启动，如运转情况良好然后再逐渐打开调节门，在满载荷的正常工况（规定的全压和流量）情况下运转至规定时间后，经检查无异常现象发生，方可投入正式运行。在正常工况下连续运转时间；对新安装风机不少于2小时，对修理后安装的风机不少于半小时。5风机的操作风机操作规程：（1）关闭进风调节门，出风调节门稍

11、开（如有出风调节门；）（2）检查风机机组各部分间隙尺寸，转动部分与固定部分不允许有碰撞机摩擦现象，所有固定零件的螺栓应拧紧；（3）检查轴承箱的油位是否在最高与最低油位之间；（4）对联轴器或用皮带转动的风机，要检查联轴器或带轮、皮带安装的是否可靠。风机轴与电机轴的同轴度是否符合技术规定。（5）引风机备有冷水装置，因此必须加装输水管，耗水量随气温不同而异，一般按0.5lm/h考虑，水压不超过0.2MPa.检查电气线路及仪表安装是否准确完好。（6）在风机启动过程中，应严格检查机组的运转情况，如发现风机严重振动或有撞击声，轴承温度剧烈上升，应立即停机，检查其原因，并进行消除。当风机启动达到正常转数后，

12、逐渐开大调节门，直至规定负荷为止。在运转过程中，轴承温升不得高于周围环境温度40°C。轴承盖表面温度不高于80°C，轴承的均方根振动速度值不大于6.3mms。21五、风机的维护与保养1、风机安装使用后，每台风机应建立保养账目，以此为基础进行定期检查，维修。无论哪种风机至少每一年进行一次定期检修。2、风机连续运转3个月，进行一次滚动轴承的检查，检查滚柱和滚道表面的接触情况及内圈配合的松紧度，更换一次润滑脂（或油）其润滑脂以装满轴承空间的三分之二为宜；润滑油按油位指示器显示。3、风机定期维护保养，消除风机内部的灰尘、污垢等。4、检查各种仪表的准确度与灵敏度。5、对未使用的备用风

13、机，或停机时间过长的风机，应定期将转子旋转120°180°以免主轴弯曲。六、风机运转中主要故障及消除障故因原生产轴承座剧烈振动0位昔壳轮叶2度刚础基3变架支与士定rm理合轴承温升过高不粘多过水含如X9旨月擦碰件机他其与架持保或坏损承轴动滚4电动机温升过高或电源过大大增度密漏否是检刘气大增度密过量&X-温小因提原予明应查氐流电5检歪接连节轴联6合整调I APPLICATIONFansarewidelyusedinkindsofindustrieslikemanufactory,mine,powerstation,petroleum,chemicalindustry,m

14、etallurgy,textilefactoryandbuildingmaterialwiththefunctionsofventilation,dischargingflue,aspirating,materialhandling,blowing-inorinducedairtoboiler.Thetransportedgasisorfumeanddustandgranuleinthegasshouldnotexceed150mg/m3.ThegastemperatureofforceddraughtblowerisW80°CandtheoneofinducedfanisW250&

15、#176;C.Therewouldbeusually.installingahighefficiencydustcleaningapparatusintheentranceofinducedfantoreducethedustloadofgasandextendthefanoperatinglife.II CONSTRUCTIONThekindoffaniscentrifugaloraxial.Theair-inletdirectionofcentrifugalfanisaxial,andtheair-outletoneisradial.Theair-inletdirectionofaxial

16、fanisaxial,andtheair-outletoneisalsoaxial.Viewingfromthesideofthemotor,theimpellerrotatingintheclockwiseiscalledtheanti-clockwisefanre-markedwithleft.Thekindofdriveisaccordingtotheservicesiteandsizeoffan.ItincludesA,B,C,D,E,andF.CENTRIFUGALFAN(1) Thecentrifugalfancanbedividedintoclockwiseoneandantic

17、lockwiseone,italsohasdifferencesintheangleoftheoutletincludes0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,and270°.(2) Impeller:Theimpelleristhekeycomponentoffan,Itconsistsofblades,shroudcover,maindiscandboss.Thebladeisdividedintoairfoiloneandplateonetheshroudcoverisdividedintoarcandc

18、one,andthemaindiscisflatplate.(3) Casing:Thecasingconsistsofscroll,sidewall,supports,inletflange,outletflangeandsoon.Inordertobetransportedconveniently,thecasingcanbemadeintobi-boxorthree-boxconnectedwithflangesandbolts.(4) Inletsection:Theinletsectioninstalledintheinletsideoffanisstreamlineandparal

19、lelwiththeaxial,whichmakesgasflowintoimpellersmoothlywithaxialdirectionandlessflowloss,anditisconnectedwithflange.(5) Transferunit:Thetransferunitoffanconsistsofmainshaft,bearinghousing,bearings,bearingsubassembly,oillevelindicator,thermometerandsoon.Acoolingwatersystemisequippedinthetransferunitofi

20、nducedfan,andthereshouldbehydraulicpipelineintheservicesite.(6) Adjustdoor:Theadjustdoorisusedforadjustingwindcurrent.KindofDadjustordoorispetal-likewhichisinstalledaxiallyinfrontoftheinletsection,theadjustablerangeisfrom90°(fullcut-off)to0°(fullopen)adjustedbythereversiblewrenchoutsidethe

21、casing.Viewingfromthesideoftheinletsection,thewrenchisintheright.Whenboostingupwrench,theadjustordoorisfromfullcut-offtofullopenforclockwisefanandisfromfullopentofullcut-offforanticlockwisefan.KindofFadjustordoorisairfoiladjustedbylinkedhaft.Theadjustordoorshouldbelubricatedcommendablytomakesurethep

22、artsareinnormalwork.TheadjustordoorofVentilatingfanislubricatedwithCa-Nagrease,andtheoneofinducedfanislubricatedwithmolybdenumdisulphidehigh-temperaturegrease(260°).(7) Theforceddraughtblowerusesgreasetolubricatethebearingoftransferunit,andtheinducedfanusesoilwhichusuallyismachineoil30#.III MAJ

23、ORPARTSANDASSEMBLYCompositionofcentrifugalfan:impeller,casing,inletsection,(adjustordoor),transferunit,coupling(beltpulley),protectivecovering,basebolt,thermometer,oillevelindicatorandsoon.Compositionofaxialfan:theimpeller,casing,bellmouth,fairing(rectifier),steadier,transferunit(noneindirect-drivef

24、an),coupling(beltpulley).IV INSTALLATIONANDOPERATIONTheremustbepreparingmaterialsandtollsusedininstallationinthefirstandcheckingeachpartoffanbeforetheinstallation.Therotatingdirectionoftheimpellerisinconformitywiththeoneofthecasing.Eachconnectionpartshouldbetight,freefrombeingloosenedormissed.Thekey

25、partslikemainshaftandbearingarehavingnodamage.Thetransferunitisrotatingsmoothly.Itshouldbestoppedtorepairandadjustintimeifthereisanyfault,thencleaningtheinnerofthebearingwithcoaloil.Thefollowingpointsshouldbenoticedintheinstallation:1Itshouldbelubricatedwithgreaseormachineoilinsomebondingsurfacesfor

26、avoidingrustinessanddisassemblinginstantly.Thepinshouldbefittedoverfirstandthenscrewinguptheifthereisapinboltwheninstallingtheboltofthebondingsurface.2 Itshouldbenoticedthatthereisnotoolsandobjectsdroppingorleavingincasingandothershells.3 Installationspecification:(1) Themountingbaseshouldbeplacedin

27、thegroundfirst.Therearesizingblocksbetweenthebasefaceandthegroundface.Theinstallationlevelcanbeachievedbychangingthethicknessoftheblock.Thesizingblockofwhichsurfaceissmoothshouldbemated,andeachunitislessthan3or4.Toavoiddistortion,thethickblockshouldbeplacedinthelowercourse,andthethinnestblockplacedi

28、nthemiddle.Asetofblocksshouldbeplacedlevelly.Allpartsoffanshouldsettherightlevelandazimuth,andthenweldingtheunitofblocks,thebaseboltshouldbeadjustedatthesametime.(2) Thebaseboltoffanisinstalledbymeansofquadricgroutingmethod.Thebaseboltshouldbeembeddedintothepreparedholeandbereadjustediftheazimuthpre

29、cisionisright.Theninjectingenoughgrouttothegapwhichisbetweenthebaseoffanandthegroundtoformconcretestructure.Theapertureofbaseboltpreparedholeisaccordingtothediameterofbolt.Theapertureofpreparedholeis100mmx100mm,andtheapertureofholebottomis110mmx110mmincorre-spondwhenthediameterofboltis20-30mm.Theape

30、rtureofpreparedholeis200mmx200mm,andtheapertureofholebottomis220nmax220mmincorrespondwhenthediameterofboltismorethen30mm.Theseholedepthsaredecidedbebolt-lengthnorm.Thelongitudinalsectionofholeistrapezoidal.Thecontractility,fissuresandconstructionnormsshouldbenoticedwheninjectinggrout.Thenutofbasebol

31、tcouldbescrewingupwhengroutisfullhardened.(3) Thecasingwhichconsistsofdifferentpartsisseparatedfrombaseinlarge-scalefan.Thebasesoffanandbearingareinstalledaccordingtoprioritybypreviousmeans,andthegapbetweenstatorandrotorisadjustedatthesametime.Thereshouldbenorag,hemminganddeformationgeneratedinmajor

32、partsinprocess.Thelappinginfaceshouldnotbedirtyandimpacted.Itshouldbewell-constructed.(4) Thecasingiscenteringiscenteringbyrotoraxialline.Theaxialdepthofpenetrationandradialclearancebetweeninletsectionandimpellermouthringshouldbeadjustedtotherangedefinedbyproductflies.Thelinkingaxialoverlaysegmentof

33、penetrationismostlylessthanequalto0.008-0.012multipleofthediameterofimpeller,andtheradialgapofoneislessthenorequalto0.0015-0.0040multipleofthediameterofimpeller(seeingpicture2).Theaxleholeincasingrearsidewallshouldbeconcentrictomainshaft,anditshouldbenobetweenthem.(5) Thebearinghousingshouldbetightl

34、yassociativetobaseplate.Bothoflongitudinalandcrosslevelnessaremeasuredinmid-separatesuifaceofbearinghousingbylevelmeterwhencenteringandadjustingbearinghousingwhichisinintegralerection.Thecrosslevelnesscouldbealsomeasuiedinmainshaft,anditsfranchiseislessthan0.1/1000.(6) Bothoflongitudinalarecrossleve

35、lnessaremeasuredinmid-separatesurfaceofbearinghousingbylevelmeterwhencenteringandadjustingright-leftdividedbearinghousing,andthemainshaftlevelnessismeasuredinmainshaft.Thefranchiseoflevelnessshouldbematchtothefollowingrequests:a) Thecrosslevelnesserrorofeachbearinghousingislessthan0.04/1000b) Thelon

36、gitudinallevelnesserrorislessthan0.08/1000c) Themainshaftlevelnesserrorislessthan0.04/1000d) Theaxialityerrorinhorizontaldirectionofholelineofmainshaftandbearinghousingislessthan0.06mme) Themainshaftshouldbelevel,andthenmeasuringnon-axialitybetweenmainshaftandmotorshaftandnon-parallelismofheadfacesi

37、ncoupling.Thenon-axialitybetweentwoshaftsislessthan0.05mm.Thenon-parallelismofheadofheadfacesincouplingislessthan0.05mm.Aftertheinstallation,thereisanexaminationtomakethatisnottootightandcrashbetweenfixedpartewhenputtingrotor.Thenweightoftheinlet-outpipesshouldnotbeaddedtothefan.Theinletcouldbeconne

38、ctedtoboltofinletsection.Theinletsectionisfixedbythreesunkscrews.Thecouldbetest-runningafterexamination.4Test-RunningThetest-runningoffanisstartingupincaseofnon-load(closinginletpipevalveoradjustordoor).Theadjustordoorcouldopenwidegraduallyifthefanisingoodworkingorder.Untiltothefull-loadcondition(in

39、thespecifiedcurrentandpressure),thefancanbeputtedintoproductionafterrunningpreset-time,andatthesametimethereisnounconventionality.Thecontinuousrunningtimeinnormalworkconditionislessthan2hoursforfanassembledrecently,andislessthanahalfofhourforfanrepaired.5OperationOperationrolesoffan:(1)Closinginleta

40、djustordoor,openingoutletadjustordooralittle(ifhavingoutletadjustor).(2)Examiningthegapdimensionofeachpart.Thereshouldbenocrashandfrictionbetweenrotatingartandfixedpart,andallboltsoffixedpartshouldbescrewedup.(3) Theoillevelofbearinghousingshouldbebelowthehighestlevelandoverthelowestlevel.(4) Forthe

41、fandrivedbycouplingorbelt,thecouplingorbeltwheelandbellpulleyshouldbeinstalledright,andnon-axialityoffanshaftandmotorshaftshouldbematchtotechnicalspecification.(5) Theinducedfanhascoolingwaterdevice,samewaterpipesshouldbeprovidedtoit.Waterconsumptionisdifferenttotemperature,itis0.5to1.0stereingenera

42、l.Waterpressureislessthan0.2MPa.Makingsureelectricalcircuitanddeviceareinstalledright.(6) Examiningworkconditionofeachpartthestartingup.Thefanshouldbestoppedifthereisanyfaultsuchasvibratinginaviolentway,givingoutabnormalnoiseandhightemperatureinbearing,andthenexaminingthefanandsolvingtheproblem.When

43、fanisrunningtoregularnumberofspeed,theadjustordooropenwidegradually,untiltospecificload.Thetemperatureriseofbearingislessthan40°Ctoambienttemperature,surfacetemperatureofbearingcapislessthan80C,androot-mean-squarelibratingvelocityofbearingislessthan6.3mm/sinrunning.V MAINTENANCE1 Afterinstallat

44、ion,amaintenanceandoperationcardisnecessarytoeachfan.Thefanshouldbeexaminedandrepairedperiodically.Eachmustberepaired.atlestonceayear.2 Afterrunning3months,thereshouldbeanexaminationforrollingbearingtomakesurecontactconditioninthesurfacebetweenrollerandrollawayandtightnessofinnercircleiswell.Greaseo

45、roilshouldbechanged,thequantityofgreaseisproperwhenspaceofbearingisfullto2/3,andtheoneofoilisdecidedbyoillevelindicator.3 Thefanshouldbesubjectedtogeneralservicetoclearthesedimentsinthecasingortheimpeller.4 Theaccuracyandsensitivityofeachmustbeexamined.5 Therotorshouldberotated120°to180°to

46、avoidmainshaftbendingforoff-dutyfanwhichisnotusedorfanofwhichstoptimeistoolong.VIMAJORFAILURESINOPERATIONANDSOLUTIONSFAULTREASONSSOLUTIONSBea1Thefanshaftisskewornonhomocentrietomotorshaft,orshaftjointsareiringbaifetiontesi地vSobeatayn.Adjustingandcenteringagain2Thereiscrashbetweenrotatingpartslikeimpellerandcasingorinletpor