(完整版)桥梁常用单词

1、桥梁常用单词边梁:Endgirder(Beam)中隔板intermediateCrossbeam河道防护：Rivertraining地下排水沟：Subsoildrain一、结构物名称：边隔板：EndCrossbeam流水面咼程（管道内底咼程）Invert(1).结构物：Construction桥面板：Deckslablevel桥梁：Bridge现浇板：Castinsituslab跨线桥：Flyover防撞护栏：Crashbarrier（人行道）铁路桥：护栏：Railing;R.O.B.(Railwayoverbridge)磨耗层：Wearingcoat小桥：Minorbridge实心板Soli

2、dslab拱桥：Archedbridge空心板：Voidedslab二、工艺及其相关地下通道：Underpass预应力Pre-stressingWork；检查，视察：Check/Inspect人行天桥：Footbridge压浆Grouting；测量：Survey天桥：Overpass现浇预应力箱梁检查申请：RFI.(Requestfor便桥:Auxiliarybridge；PSCBoxGirderinspection)1.垫层Bedding/Cushion开挖：Excavate垫层砼：BeddingConcrete换填：Exchange(Replace)砂垫层：Sandbed/cushion钢

3、管栏杆：Pipehandrail填石：Rockfill2.基础：Foundation桥头搭板：Approachslab石屑chip；扩大/明挖基础：泄水孔Drainagespouts片石；chipstoneOpenfoundation收集井：collectionpit料石：chippedstone桩：Pile(2).涵洞：Culvert钢筋：Steelbar/Reinforcement桩基础：Pilefoundation管涵：Pipeculvert箍筋stirrup钢筋砼钻孔灌注桩：板函：Slabculvert弯沟:hookReinforcedconcreteboredpile箱函：Boxcu

4、lvert下料;Cut3.下部结构:Substructure倒虹吸：Invertedculvert弯曲：bend桩帽：Pilecap集水井：Stormwatermanhole(Catch绑扎：bind钢筋砼桩基承台：pit)绑丝：bindingwireReinforcedcementconcretepilecap检查井：Manhole保护层：Cover/protection桩头：Pile-head端墙：Headwalllayer/protectioncoat桩式桥台：Pileabutment底板：Bottomslab净保护层：Clearcover桥台:Abutment顶板：Topslab保护层

5、垫块：Coverblock台帽：Abutmentcap帽石：Cap焊接：weld(jointing)桥墩：Pier裙墙：Apron焊缝:joint；圆柱：Column底墙（坡脚墙）：Toewall焊剂weldingflux墩帽：Piercap截水墙（幕墙）：Curtainwall焊条weldingrod侧墙（迂回墙）Returnwall铺砌：Pitching焊丝weldingwire；翼墙：Wingwall砌石护坡：StonePitching钢筋下料表：BBS.(Barbending墙：Wall干砌石（乱石堆）Rip-rapschedule)加筋挡土墙：Retainingwall石墙：Ston

6、emasonrywall钢筋笼：Reinforcingcage加筋土挡墙：(Reinforcedearth)wall护墙（矮墙）Parapet钢筋网：Reinforcingmesh支座垫石：Pedestal（3）水系：（6）搭接：Lap支座：Bearing水沟：Drain钢筋搭接：Splicingofbars橡胶支座：elastomericbearing边沟：SideDrain钢肋接头:Jointofreinforcement背墙：Dirtwall(Backwall)中央水沟：MedianDrain钢筋间距:spacingofbars4.上部结构：Superstructure开口沟，明沟：Op

7、endrain钢板:steelplateT梁：T-Girder(Beam)钢筋砼沟：RCCdrain骨架skeleton预制钢筋砼T梁：PrecastRCC.T砌石沟：Masonrydrain钢丝刷wirebrushgirder石笼：Gabion螺栓:bolt横隔板梁：Intermediategirder/Beam石笼铁丝网Gabionmesh(钢结构)螺栓连接:boltedconnection模板：Formwork/Shutter木模板：timberformwork钢模板：SteelFormwork脚手架：Scaffold/Falsework/Staying胶合板:plywood木楔:cho

8、ck模板支设:Erection；模板加固：Fixedform模板拆除Removalofformwork砼：Concrete钢筋砼：Reinforcedconcrete素砼：Plainconcrete片石砼：Rubbleconcrete浇注砼：Castconcrete/Placingconcrete砼泵：Concretepump砼标号：Concretegrade(Class)养护：Curing水下砼用导管：Tremie砼保护层：Concretecover砼拌合站：Concretemixingplant/Concretebatchingplant振动器vibrator;附着式模板振动器：Exter

9、nalpneumaticvibrator离析segregationorlossofitsconstituentmaterials；溜槽chute；蜂窝honeycombspot裂缝crack/fissure；麻面pockmark；露筋revealofreinforcement；干缩shrinkage干缩裂缝Contractioncrack抗渗砼watertightconcrete；坍落度slump；终凝时间finalsettingtime；凝结时间settingtime；泵pump；振动台：Shaketable/Vibratorytable振动器vibrator；胶囊：Balloon不均匀沉降

10、non-uniformdistribution沉降缝settlementjoint：伸缩缝(接头)Expansionjoint(Gap)/伸缩缝：Contractionjoint施工缝：Constructionjoint密封条形伸缩缝StripSealexpansionjoint；水泥cement水泥砂浆cementmortar砂浆mortar石灰：lime；水准仪：Levelmachine全站仪：Totalstation全球定位系统：GPS.(Globalpositionsystem)台背回填：Backfill施工荷载：Constructionload施工图：Workingdrawing/W

11、orkingshop毫米：Millimeter厘米Centimeter米：Meter公里：Kilometer桩号：Chainage英寸：Inch英尺：Foot英里：Mile平方米：Squaremeter立方米：Cubicmeter数量：Nos.吨：Tonne公斤：Kilogramme克：Gramme木钉peg；铁钉：nail沥青纸：Tarpaper水泥罐bulkstoragecontainers/silo锤子：Hammer钢卷尺steeltape铁锨shovel/spade三、工种：人工：manpower;工人：worker's；工头，领班：forman/Workerganger1.

12、小工（体力劳动者）：Unskilledlabour壮工：labour2. 技工：Skilledlabour焊工weldor钢筋工：Fitter/Steelfixer木工：Carpenter砼工：Concretegang/Concretor瓦工/砌石工：Stonemason电工：Electrician爆破工：Blaster管工：Rigger/Pipelayer警卫、门卫：Watchman打桩操作手：Pilingrigoperator小型设备操作手：Lightplantoperator重型设备操作手：Heavyplantoperator下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pierbod

13、y墩帽piercap,piercoping台帽abutmentcap,abutmentcoping盖梁bentcap又称“帽梁”。重力式桥墩gravitypier实体桥墩solidpier空心桥墩hollowpier柱式桥墩columnpier,shaftpier单柱式桥墩single-columnedpier,singleshaftpier双柱式桥墩two-columnedpier,twoshaftpier排架桩墩pile-bentpier丫形桥墩Y-shapedpier柔性墩flexiblepier制动墩brakingpier,abutmentpier单向推力墩singledirectio

14、nthrustedpier抗撞墩anti-collisionpier锚墩anchorpier辅助墩auxiliarypier破冰体iceapron防震挡块anti-knockblock,restrainblock桥台abutment台身abutmentbody前墙frontwall又称“胸墙”。翼墙wingwall又称“耳墙”。U形桥台U-abutment八字形桥台flarewing-walledabutment一字形桥台headwallabutmentT形桥台T-abutment箱形桥台boxtypeabutment拱形桥台archedabutment重力式桥台gravityabutment

15、埋置式桥台buriedabutment扶壁式桥台counterfortabutment,buttressedabutment衡重式桥台weight-balancedabutment锚碇板式桥台anchoredbulkheadabutment支撑式桥台supportedtypeabutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台compositeabutment桥台后回填backfillingbehindabutment桥梁基础bridgefoundation浅基础shallowfoundation深基础deepfoundation明挖基础opencutfoundation扩大基础spreadfound

16、ation沉井基础opencaissonfoundation沉井刃脚caissoncuttingedge气压沉箱基础pneumaticcaissonfoundation管柱基础colonnadefoundation双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础double-walledsteelcofferdamandboredpilefoundation墩式基础pier-foundation桩基础pilefoundation排架桩基础pile-bentfoundation高承台桩基础high-riseplatformpilefoundation桩pile单桩individualpile,singlepile群桩pil

17、egroup又称“桩群”。斜桩batteredpile,rakedpile锚桩anchorpile主桩keypile预制桩precastpile钢筋混凝土桩concretepile预应力混凝土桩prestressedconcretepile木桩timberpile钢桩steelpile钢管桩steelpipepile混凝土管桩concretepipepile钻孔桩boredpile就地灌注桩cast-in-situpile沉管灌注桩tube-sinkingcast-in-situpile板桩sheetpile微型桩mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩under-reamedpile支挡桩s

18、oldierpile抗滑桩anti-slidepile排土桩displacementpile非排土桩non-displacementpile摩擦桩frictionpile支承桩bearingpile嵌岩桩socketedpile挖孔桩cast-in-situpilebyexcavation打入桩drivenpile承台bearingplatform,pilecap灌浆截水墙groutedcut-offwall灌浆帷幕groutedcurtain地下连续墙continuousslurrywall,diaphragmwall支座bearing固定支座fixedbearing活动支座expansio

19、nbearing,movablebearing合成橡胶支座elastomericpadbearing板式橡胶支座laminatedrubberbearing盆式橡胶支座potrubberbearing聚四氟乙烯支座polytetrafluoroethylenebearing,PTFEbearing铅橡胶支座lead-rubberbearing滚轴支座rollerbearing摆式支座rockerbearing平板支座platebearing球形支座sphericalbearing垫块支座padbearing活动伸缩缝支座slidingexpansionbearing伸缩滚轴expansionr

20、oller拉压支座tension-compressionbearing铰式支座knucklebearing桥梁设计bridgedesign桥梁方案设计bridgeconceptualdesign桥梁结构设计bridgestructuredesign桥梁细部设计bridgedetaildesign荷载load实用荷载serviceload施工荷载constructionload开裂荷载crackingload疲劳荷载fatigueload容许荷载allowableload破坏荷载failureload桥梁试运行荷载testrunloadingforbridge静载staticload动载dyna

21、micload活载liveload恒载deadload永久荷载permanentload可变荷载variableload偶然荷载accidentalload非常荷载abnormalload环境荷载environmentalload均布荷载uniformload,distributedload等代均布荷载equivalentuniformdistributedload集中荷载concentratedload车道荷载laneload人群荷载pedestrianload风荷载windload地震荷载earthquakeload,seismicforce又称“地震力”。离心力centrifugalfo

22、rce冲击力impactforce制动力brakingforce船舶撞击力shipcollisionforce土压力earthpressure冰压力icepressure流水压力flowingwaterpressure浮力buoyancy下拉荷载downdrag,negativefrictionofpile又称“桩负摩擦力”。拱推力archthrust基础隆胀力heaveforceoffoundation临界压曲荷载criticalbucklingload屈服破坏荷载failureloadbybuckling荷载组合loadingcombinations荷载效应loadeffect标准车辆荷载

23、standardtruckloading桥梁容许应力设计allowablestressdesignofbridge桥梁极限状态设计limitstatedesignofbridge桥梁承载能力极限状态ultimatelimitstateofbridgecarryingcapacity桥梁使用能力极限状态serviceabilitylimitstateofbridge桥梁荷载系数设计法loadfactordesignmethodofbridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法probabilisticlimitstatedesignmethodofbridge桥梁优化设计optimumdesignofbri

24、dge桥梁结构可靠度reliabilityofbridgestructure可靠度基准期reliabilitydatumperiod地震危险性分析seismicriskanalysis桥梁抗震设计aseismaticdesignofbridge桥梁抗震稳定性aseismaticstabilityofbridge地震基本烈度basicearthquakeintensity设计烈度designintensityofearthquake地震震级earthquakemagnitude地震加速度seismicacceleration疲劳设计fatiguedesign桥头回填设计bridgeendback

25、fillingdesign桥梁平面结构planestructureforbridge桥梁空间结构spacestructureforbridge静定桥梁结构staticallydeterminatebridgestructure超静定桥梁结构staticallyindeterminatebridgestructure结构体系转换structuresystemtransform结构完整性structuralintegrity安全系数safetyfactor冲击系数impactfactor又称“动力系数”。荷载系数loadfactor膨胀系数coefficientofexpansion构件membe

26、r,element又称“杆件”。节间panel梁腹web又称“腹板”。翼缘flange又称“法兰”。加劲杆stiffener又称“加劲肋”。加劲梁stiffeninggirder加劲腋haunch又称“梁腋”。托架bracket俗称“牛腿”。结点板gussetplate又称“节点板”。剪力键shearkey横系杆lateralbracing风嘴windfairing伸缩板expansionplate应力集中stressconcentration应力腐蚀stresscorrosion热应力thermalstress又称“温差应力”。支撑应力bearingstress组合应力combinedstr

27、ess容许应力allowablestress又称“许用应力”。极限应力ultimatestress稳定性stability刚度rigidity,stiffness位移displacement挠度deflection力矩moment,bendingmoment又称“弯矩”。剪力shear双力矩bi-moment力矩分配法momentdistributionmethod又称“弯矩分配法”。力矩包络线momentenvelope剪力分布sheardistribution剪力滞后shearlag又称“剪滞”。影响线influenceline影响面积influencearea压曲buckling又称“压

28、屈”。扭曲distortion又称“畸变”。翘曲warp颤振flutter驰振galloping抖振buffeting又称“击振”。涡流效应vortexsheddingeffect风致摆动windinducedoscillation挠度横向分布transversedistributionofdeflection荷载横向分布transversedistributionofload杠杆原理法leverprinciplemethod偏心受压法eccentriccompressionmethod刚性横梁法rigidcrossbeammethod铰接梁法hingeconnectedbeammethod刚

29、接梁法rigidconnectedbeammethod弹性梁支承法elasticsupportedbeammethod准正交各向异性板法quasi-orthotropicslabmethodGM法Guyon-Massonetmethod抗风稳定性windresistingstability空气动力稳定性aerodynamicstability风压分布图windpressuredistributiongraph临界风速criticalwindspeed温度梯度thermalgradient温差temperaturedifference年均温差annualmeantemperaturediffer

30、ence连拱作用continuousarcheffect土-结构共同作用soil-structureinteraction桥梁承载能力loadcarryingcapacityofbridge桥梁耐久性bridgedurability地基承载力bearingcapacityofsubsoil单桩承载力bearingcapacityofpile抗裂性crackresistance裂缝控制crackcontrol裂缝宽度限值limitofcrackopening裂缝分布图crackpattern疲劳限度fatiguelimit磨损限值wearallowance又称“容许磨耗”。使用状态挠度限值def

31、lectionlimitforserviceability结构延展性structureductility桥梁破损bridgefailure桥梁破坏bridgecollapse毁灭性破坏catastrophiccollapse钢筋锈蚀steel-barcorrosion桥梁计算机辅助设计computeraideddesignforbridge,CADforbridge格构比拟grillageanalogy预应力度degreeofprestressing全预应力混凝土fullyprestressedconcrete部分预应力混凝土partiallyprestressedconcrete有限预应力混

32、凝土limitedprestressedconcreteA类部分预应力混凝土typeApartiallyprestressedconcreteB类部分预应力混凝土typeBpartiallyprestressedconcrete体内预应力prestressingwithbond体外预应力externalprestressing预弯法预应力prestressingwithouttendonbypre-bending复传力法预应力prestressingbysubsequentbond压拉双作用预应力prestressingwithsubsequentcompressionandtension后张

33、自锚法预应力self-anchoredposttensioningprestressing双向预应力two-dimensionprestressing三向预应力three-dimensionprestressing非预应力钢筋non-prestressedreinforcement粘结的预应力筋bondedtendon消除粘结的预应力筋debondedtendon无粘结的预应力筋non-bondedtendon预应力损失lossofprestress管道摩擦损失lossduetoductfriction锚具变形损失lossduetoanchoragedeformation锚具温差损失lossduetoanchoragetemperaturedifference混凝土收缩损失lossduetoconcreteshrinkage混凝土弹性压缩损失lossduetoelasticcompressionofconcrete混凝土徐变损失creeplossofconcrete钢筋预应力松弛损失lossduetotendonrelaxation杆件缩短损失lossduetoconcretemembershortening杆件弯曲损失lossduetobendingofconcretemember锚