2019学年高一年级英语自主预习学案：Unit1《Womenofachievement》Grammar(新人教版必修4含答案)

1、GRAMMAR主谓一致【归纳】主谓一致是指句子的主语和谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。一般遵循以下原则:1. 语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形 式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2. 意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。当主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复 数时，谓语根据意义用复数形式；当主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数时，谓语根据 意义用单数形式。3. 就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。一、 名词作主语1. 集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类

2、名词有army, audie nee, class, family, team, crowd, staff,enemy, government 等。有些集体名词如people, police 等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The team is the best in the league.The team are all lovely people.I don care what people think.2. 单、复数同形的名词如 species, deer, fish, sheep, means 等作主语时，应根据其意义来决 定谓语动词的单复数形式。如：Several lar

3、ge fish live in the pond.A large fish was caught during the competition.3. 表示单数概念的复形名词（如学科、机构、书名、剧名等）作主语，谓语动词通常用 单数。如：Maths is one of the most importa nt courses in the senior school.The Times is Brita in 6ldsst n atio nal daily.4. trousers, shoes, chopsticks, sun glasses 等名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果 其前有

4、a pair of, a kind of 等时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：His trousers were slightly too short.A pair of trousers is on the bed.5. 当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。如：Four thousa nd dollars is more tha n she can afford.6. “ then 形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数。 这类词有 rich, poor, bli nd, injured 等。如：

5、Even the poor have their pride.The injured were take n to several n earby hospitals.7. 如果主语由 more than one 或 many a 构成，即使从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词通常用单数形式；在“ more+复数名词+ than one结构之后，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如：More tha n one pers on has bee n concerned in this.Many a famous pop star has bee n ruined by drugs.More boxes tha n

6、 one have bee n used at the stati on.二、 代词作主语1. 由代词 each, either, neither, another 以及合成代词 something, anything, nothing, everyth ing,somebody, an ybody, n obody, everybody, some one, anyone, every one 作主语 时，谓语动词均用单数。如：Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.Everybody was glad to see her back.2

7、. all, most, none, some 等作主语时， 谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。 如： Those boysare my students. All work hard.I wanted some more coffee but there was none left.三、由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1. 两个名词或代词由 and 连接作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。但当 and 不表示并列意义， 而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词则 用单数形式。如：Both the secretary and the manager have a

8、greed to be present.Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.2. 当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语， 如由 with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with,including, in addition to 等引导的短语时，谓语动词与主语保持一致。如：The missing things, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to

9、the owner.3. 由 or, either . or ., neither . nor ，not only . but also . 等连接的名词或代词作主语 时，谓语动词与邻近的主语相一致。如：Not only the students but also their teacher is going to the exhibition.四、 含数词的短语作主语“分数或百分数 + of +名词”构成的短语作主语时， 谓语动词的数取决于 of 后名词的数。 如：Only one third of the work was done yesterday.Three fourths of t

10、he students come to school on time.五、 从句作主语名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and 连接表示两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what 从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。如：Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.What caused the snow slide and how many tourists were injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.What

11、he left are but a few old books.【 即学即练 】I. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. I think $5,000 _(be) too much for a used car. 1,000 meters _ (make) a kilometer.2. The number of students in our school _ (be) increasing year by year. A large number of books _ (be) borrowed from the library every day.3. My friend and cl

12、assmate Paul _ (like) playing computer games. A writer and a singer _ (have) already arrived.4. On the wall _ (be) two pictures, which attract many people. Among the students _(stand) their teacher, who is in her thirties.5. Three fourths of the peach _(have) gone bad. Three fourths of the peaches _

13、(have) gone bad.6. Betty is one of us who _ (want) to join the English Club. Betty is the only one of us who _(want) to join the English Club.7. Everything, including the clothes, _ (be) stolen that evening. All but one _ (have) passed the exam.II. 选用括号内合适的选项补全下面短文。Hi Cathy,Greeti ngs from Nepal! Im

14、e nding this from an internet caf ein a small tow n n orth of Kathmandu.The town itself isnvetry interesting, but everything around it 1. _ (is / are) beautifulI can see the Himalayas through the cafewindow!The courses here are great, although maths 2. _ (is / are) certainly not my strongpoint.A lot

15、 of Nepalpsopulation lives in the mountainous parts of the country south of the Himalayas, andmost of these people 3. _ (depend / depends) on growing crops andkeeping animals. The standard of living in Kathmandu and the other cities 4. _ (have / has)risen a lot recently, and the number of people likely to move into the cities 5. _ (is / are)expected to increase. Itasreal problem here. The Himalaya Times, the local English-language newspaper,6. _ (has / have) just published a survey showing that most young peoplewould stay in their home vi