专题06非谓语动词(易错起源)_2018高考英语备考黄金易错点Word版含解析

1、范文范例指导参考专题06非谓语动词度，步步为赢】1. (2017 全国卷 I )Fast food is full of fat and salt; by (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.【解析】考查动词-ing作介词宾语。在介词 about, before , after , for , with , by等之后作宾语应 该用动词-ing形式，故用eating 。【答案】eating2. (2017 全国卷 n )This included digging

2、up the road, (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.【解析】句意:这包括挖掘道路，铺设轨道,然后在上面搭建一4去实的顶。分析句子结构可知，digging up Ihc road, laying the track 和 building a strong roof over the top 是三个动名词短语作动词 indudal 的并列专 语口此处考生容易丰凿就蜥为情语动词，而误埴琢。【答案】laying3. (2017 全国卷 I )They are required (process) the f

3、ood that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处考查be required to do sth. 的固定用法。考生要善于分析句子结构，再结合自己的知识储备才能快速准确地确定答案。【答案】to process4. (2017 天津卷)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy tosee his mother(take) good care of at ho

4、me.【解析】考查过去分词作状语。句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家 里被照看得很好。空格处与其逻辑主语his mother之间构成动宾关系，故用过去分词。【答案】taken5. (2016 新课标出, 63)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal(create)special designs.【答案】to create【解析】句意：熟练的工匠也把硬木和金属结合在一起制作特殊的图案。此处为动词不定式作目的状语。6. (2016 浙江,1) Are you sure youre ready for

5、 the test? No problem. I m well(prepare)for it.【答案】prepared【解析】句意：一一你确定你准备好考试了吗？一一没问题。我已经做好准备了。I作主语，be动词后要接动词的-ed形式充当表语。7. (2016 新课标 I , 67)My ambassadorial duties will include (introduce)British visitors to the 120- plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bi

6、fengxia.【答案】introducing【解析】句意：我的大使职责将包括把英国参观者介绍给成都的120多只大熊猫及其他一些在碧峰峡雾山中一个研究中心里的熊猫们。include为及物动词，后面应用动名词形式作宾语。8. (2016 新课标 I ,66). .a TV show in the mid - 1980s, when I was the first Western TVreporter(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.【答案】permitted【解

7、析】句意：那时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特殊的关于照料的单元的西方电视台记者。TV reporter和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。9. He suddenly appeared in class one day , (wear) sun glasses.【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知，已有谓语动词appeared ,动词wear前又没有并列连词，故应为非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况；又因主语he与wear之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词。【答案】wearing10. One morning , I was waiting at the bus stop , worri

8、ed about (be) late for school.【解析】考查动名词。介词 about后应该跟名词或动名词，故要用 being。【答案】being11. I heard a passenger behind meshouting to the driver , but he refused (stop)untilwe reached the next stop.【解析】考查不定式。动词 refuse后要接不定式作宾语，refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事。【答案】to stop12. Still , the boy kept (ride).He was carrying so

9、mething over his shoulder and shouting.【解析】考查固定短语。然而这个男孩一直骑个不停。keep doing sth一直做某事。【答案】riding13. Wegot a little (sunburn), but the day had been so relaxing that we didnt mind.【解析】考查过去分词。我们有点晒黑了。动词 sunburn晒黑，此处get + done结构为被动结构， 表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作。【答案】sunburned/ sunburnt14. My older brother and I ar

10、e busy (arrange) a trip to Africa.【解析】考查动名词。 be busy (in) doing.忙于做某事。【答案】arranging15. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu （situate） in present day Hunan and HubeiProvinces , during the Warring States Period（战国时期）.【解析】考查过去分词。表示位于何地时，用 be situated in/on 。过去分词situated作定语，相当于定语从句 which was situated.

11、。【答案】situatedK名沔点目，易命远点】易错起源1、非谓语动词类别和句法功能例 1. (absorb)in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching.【解析】句意：沉迷于绘画中，约翰没有注意时间已到了傍晚。考查非谓语动词。此处的Absorbed inpainting相当于原因状语从句Because he was absorbed in painting 的省略。【答案】Absorbed【名师点睛】非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项不定式1 .介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时 except/but意为“除了，除

12、去“。其主要搭配有：can but + 动词原形;只能、只得cannot help(choose)but +动词原形：不能不do nothing but +动词原形:只做There is nothing to do but +动词原形： 只有做have no choice but to do:只有做例如：The last bus having gone, I could do nothing but go home on foot.（省略 to）I cannot choose but tell him the truth.（省略 to）She could do nothing but leav

13、e.（ 省略 to）I have no choice but to cry.（不能省略 to）2 .不定式在使役动词 have, let , make 以及感官动词 see , look at, watch , notice , observe , hear, listen to, feel后的宾补，不定式符号要省略，但这些句子变为被动结构时，就必须带符号to.例如:I often hear him sing this song. He is often heard to sing this song.I saw them play in the park. They were seen to

14、 play in the park.3 .不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式使不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的介词。但名词主谓关系）way, place , way 除外。例如:动宾关系）He is not a man to tell lies.（There will not be enough space to stand in on the earth.（Here is some paper for you to write on.The boy has a nice pen to write

15、 with.We found a way to solve this problem （in）.最高级或no, all , any,chance , idea , fact ,通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：（1）不定式表示将来；（2）用来修饰被序数词、等限定词的中心词。（3）用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability , disabilityexcuse , promise , answer, reply , attempt , belief , way, reason , time 等。例如：During my holiday I borrowed some books to read.

16、（ 表将来）She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.（有序数词修饰 ）I have no chance to escape.（修饰抽象名词 ）Do you have the ability to read French?（修饰抽象名词）4 .不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。表示目的时可用in order to , so as to 换用;will , shall , should ,表示条件时，一般把表示条件的动词不定式置于句首，句中的谓语动词常含有would , can, must,

17、could 等情态动词。例如:He sat down to have a rest.（ 表 目的）He woke up to find everybody gone.（ 表结果）I m very pleased to hear from him.（表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐 ）To look at him , you can t help laughing.（表条件，谓语动词含有can）He was too excited not to say a word.（表程度）He is old enough to go to school.（表程度）过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区

18、别这三种形式作定语， 主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。例如The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero.（将要修建的 ）The bridge being built is named Stone in honor of the hero.（正大修建的 ）The bridge built is named Stone in honor

19、of the hero.（己经修建了 的 ）Have you read the novel written by Dickens?表将来)现在分词表示“令人感He is a teacher loved anti respected by all students. （ 没有时间性） Listen! The song being sung is very popular with the young men.（表正在）The question to be discussed at the Sunday meeting is very important.(在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词

20、和过去分词形式作表语和定语时,到”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示感到”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。例如interesting令人感兴趣的interested感到有兴趣的exciting令人感到激动的 excited 感到激动的shocking令人感到震惊的 shocked感到震惊的过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别:1 .感官动词(see , look at , watch , notice , observe , hear, listen to , feel)和使役动词(have , let , make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分

21、词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意:make不能接现在分词作宾补。例如：I heard her sing a Chinese song jut now.（表示主动，完成 ）I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed by her room last night.（表示正在进行 ）I heard the Chinese song sung many times.（表示被动 ）The captain got/have the soldiers moving to ward the fron

22、t after a short rest.（不能用 make）I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone. （ 表示状态 ）I was surprised to find my hometown changed a lot.（表示完成 ）2 .动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使处于某种状态”。例如 ：It is wrong for you to leave the machine running. （ 主动，正在进行 ）The guests left most of the dishes untouched.（被

23、动，完成 ）My workmate left, leaving me to do all the rest work.（主动，斗各来 ）My workmate left, leaving all the rest work to be done.（被动， 将来 ）过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别：1 .一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。例如：Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like a man.Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.2 .现在分

24、词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。例如：Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well.Helped by the teacher, she has learned English well.3 .现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词动作发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。例如：Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.Used in th

25、is way , the word shouldn t be taken as a verb.Given more time, we will finish the work perfectly.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】独立主格结构分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果与句子的主语不一致，那么分词短语就需要有自己的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构形式。独立主格结构是分词短语意义上的逻辑主语，通常由名词或代词来充当，放在分词之前。因为没有实际的主语和谓语，独立主格结构不是句子，一般放在句首或句末，充当时间、原因、方式等状语。例如Winter having come , it s get

26、ting colder and colder.The homework finished, the child went home.His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.Time permitting , we ll visit the Summer Palace.She lay against the wall, the sun shining upon her.从例句可以看出，独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语是两个不同的人或物，因此，分词前的名词或代词不能省略。独立主格结构也可以由“ with/ without + 名词或代词+分词、不

27、定式、形容词、副词或介词短语”构成。例如：The boy stared at the teacher, with his mouth open.With his parents away, the boy became naughtier.The teacher came into the classroom, with a book in her hand （ = book in hand）.She sat still, with her eyes closed.（被动,状态）She sat still, with her eyes looking at the ceiling.（主动,正在

28、）With you to help me , I could do it better.（主动，将来）With a 10t of problems settled , the mayor went to have a holiday.（被动，完成 ）With a 10t of problems to be settled , the mayor has a hard time.（被动,将来）垂悬分词作状语垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。例如:Searching along the street, it had taken h

29、im along time to find a clinic. （ searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人）Walking or sleeping, this subject is always in my mind. （walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”）Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. （ using的逻辑主语泛指 “我们”）易错起源2、非谓语动词的时态和语态例 2. （learn）more about Chinese culture, Jack has

30、 decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.t解析】句意:为了了解更多的中国文化j杰克决定选择中国民族音乐作为选修课，考查非谓语动词作 目的状语。逗号后面,没有连词，可以判此处应填非谓语动词。【答案】To learn【名师点睛】动词不定式的时态和语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式（进行式没有被动式）。例如：Her father disappeared , never to be heard from again . （hear from 和 his fath

31、er之间是被动关系）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （translate 和 the book 之间是被动关系）注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况：（1）不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如：I haven t got a key to unlock the door.（to unlock the door的逻辑主语是 a key）（2）不定式所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。例如：I haven t got a

32、 book to read . （I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语 ）（3）不定式作宾语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了 for one 或for people 。例如：The book is difficult （for me） to understand.He is hard （ for me） to work with.（4）在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。例如：There is a lot of to be done.（工作被作）There is

33、 a lot of to do.（需要人去做）【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】动名词的时态和语态动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑这样是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。例如 ：We are interested in playing chess. （ 同时）She is looking forward to hearing from you again. （ 之后）I m sorry for not having kept my promise.（ 之前）Th

34、e little boy was afraid of being left at home alone.（被动）The house showed no sign of having been damaged.（ 之前，被动）易错起源3、非谓语动词的固定搭配例 3. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, AnneBenedict went on （thank）all the people who had helped in her career.【解析】句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女演员提名奖之后，安妮-本尼迪克粉膨卖感谢那些所有

35、在她的事业 申帮助她的大。考查固定搭配.能由2&继续曲另一件事手即mdomg维续做同一件事。裱奖和帮助 是两件事。学习资料整理范文范例指导参考【答案】to thank【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。1. 下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语:admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, consider （考虑 ） , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse,finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss（错过 ）, practice,

36、 risk, resist, suggest, suffer等动词 ;be used to（ 习惯于 ）, insist on, can t help（ 情不自禁 ） , can t stand （ 无法忍受）, give up, feellike, keep on, look forward to, put off, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, bebusy （in） , get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult/trouble （in）,have a good/wonderfu

37、l/hard time （in） 等动词组。2. 下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：forget remember regret to do忘记记住后悔去做某事forget remember regret doing忘记记得后悔已经做过某事stop to do 停下来接着做另一件事stop doing 停止做一件事mean to do 意欲、企图做某事mean doing 意味着做某事go on to do 做完某事接着做另一件事go on doing 继续做同一件事try to do努力、试图做某事try doing 尝试着做某事3. 有些短语作状语是固定结构:

38、judging from, generally/ frankly/ honestly/ strictly speaking, considering （that）. （考虑至U）, supposing/ providing （that）.（ 假如工seeing （ that ）.（既然，由于）,totell you the truth, to make things worse, to begin with（ 首先，第一） 。例如 :Judging from his accent, he must be a southerner.Tuning to the left, he saw a bus passing.Considering everything, he did a good job.Seeing （that） she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don t see how you can stop her.易错起源4、 非谓语动词逻辑主语的表达形式和否定形式例4 I really can