材料的搬运储存使用处置的安全注意事项MaterialsHandli

1、Materials Handling, Storage, Use, and Disposal1Overview - Handling and Storing Materials Involves diverse operations:Manual material handlingCarrying bags or materialsUnpacking materialsMaterial handling via machineForkliftCraneRigging Stacking or storing drums, barrels, kegs, lumber, loose bricks o

2、r other materials2InjuriesLifting objects is a major cause of back injuries in the work placeImproper storing and handling of material and equipment can cause struck by and crushed by injuries 3HazardsImproper manual lifting or carrying loads that are too large or heavyBeing struck by materials or b

3、eing caught in pinch points Crushed by machines, falling materials or improperly stored materialsIncorrectly cutting ties or securing devices4Manual HandlingSeek help: When a load is too bulky to properly grasp or lift When you cant see around or over the load When you cant safely handle the loadAtt

4、ach handles to loads to reduce the chances of getting fingers smashed.5Safe LiftingBreak load into partsGet help with heavy or bulky itemsLift with legs, keep back straight, do not twistUse handling aids - such as steps, trestles, shoulder pads, handles, and wheelsAvoid lifting above shoulder level6

5、Safe Lifting TrainingWhat should be taught: How to lift safely How to avoid unnecessary physical stress and strain What you can comfortably handle without undue strain Proper use of equipment Recognizing potential hazards and how to prevent / correct them7Personal Protective EquipmentFor loads with

6、sharp or rough edges, wear gloves or otherhand and forearm protection When loads are heavy or bulky, wear steel-toed safety shoes toprevent foot injuries if the loadis dropped8Materials Handling EquipmentEmployees must betrained in the properuse and limitations of the equipment they operate This inc

7、ludes knowing how to effectively useequipment such asforklifts, cranes, and slings9ForkliftsCenter the load on the forks and as close to the mast as possible to minimize the potential for the truck tipping or load falling Overloading a lift truck makes it hard to control and could make it tip overPl

8、ace the load at the lowest position for travelingDont place extra weight on the rear of a counterbalanced forklift to allow an overload10Operating a Forklift SafelyKeep arms and legs inside the truckHandle only stable loadsKeep speed low - you may have to stopBe careful when making sharp turnswith a

9、 raised loadIf a load blocks your view, travel in reverseNo riders, unless theres an approved seatDont drive with forks raisedWear safety belts or other restraint devices11 Powered Industrial Truck Training Truck-related topics Workplace-related topics Standard requirements Trainees must be supervis

10、ed by a competent person and not endanger others Formal instruction Practical training Evaluation of performance12Dock Boards (Bridge plates)Dock boards must have handholds, orother effective meansfor safe handling.13Earthmoving EquipmentScrapers, loaders, crawler or wheel tractors, bulldozers, off-

11、highway trucks, graders, tractorsProvide seat beltsEquipment with an obstructed rear view cant be used in reverse unless the equipment has a signal alarm 14CranesCheck the load chart in the cabFrequently inspectNever lift peopleCheck overhead power linesEnsure area of travel is clear15Rigging Equipm

12、ent SlingsTypes of slings covered are those made from alloy steel chain, wire rope, metal mesh, natural or synthetic fiber rope, and synthetic web.ChainWire ropeMetal meshSynthetic16Sling InspectionInspect slings: Each day before use Where service conditions warrantRemove them from service ifdamaged

13、 or defective17Remove From ServiceImmediately remove damaged or defective slings from service18Adapts to shape of the loadCan damage by sudden shocksBest choice for hoisting very hot materialsMust have an affixed tag stating size, grade, rated capacity, and sling manufacturerAlloy Steel Chains19Mark

14、ings Alloy Steel ChainIt must be marked with grade or manufacturers mark20Hooks, rings, oblong links, or other attachments, when used with alloy steel chains, must have a rated capacity at least equal to that of the chainAlloy Steel Chain AttachmentsRated Capacity21Job or shop hooks and links, or ma

15、keshift fasteners, formed from bolts, rods, etc., or other such attachments, cant be usedUnsuitable Alloy Steel Chain AttachmentsRightWrong22Chain WearWhen a chain shows excessive wear, or is cracked or pitted, remove it from serviceNon-alloy repair links can not be used23Wire Rope SlingsUsed to hoi

16、st materialsSelection considerations: strength ability to bend without cracking ability to withstand abrasive wear ability to withstand abuseWire ropeStrandCenterWireCore24Wire Rope SlingsEye SplicesEye splices made in any wire rope must have at least three full tucks25Cover or blunt protruding ends

17、 of strandsProtruding Ends26Wire Rope ClipsWhen using U-bolt wire rope clips to form eyes, ensure the U section is in contact with the dead end of the ropeThis is the correct methodDead End27LubricationRegularly lubricate ropes and chains28Wire Rope Slings Remove From ServiceIf these happen, remove

18、the wire rope sling from serviceCrushingKinkingBird Caging29Mark or code to show: Name or trademark of manufacturer Rated capacities for the type of hitch Type of materialSynthetic Web SlingMarkings30Fittings must be: At least as strong as that of the sling Free of sharp edges that could damage the

19、webbingSynthetic Web SlingsFittings31Stitching is the only method allowed to attach end fittings to webbing, or to form eyesSynthetic Web SlingStitchingStitching32Remove from service if any of these are present: Acid or caustic burns Melting or charring of any part Snags, punctures, tears or cuts Br

20、oken or worn stitches Distortion of fittingsSynthetic Web Slings -Remove from ServiceHeat Damage33Storing MaterialsSecure materials stored in tiers by stacking, racking, blocking, or interlocking to prevent them from fallingPost safe load limits of floorsKeep aisles and passageways clear34Storing Ma

21、terialsDont store noncompatible materials togetherIn buildings under construction, dont place stored materials within 6 feet of a hoistway or floor opening35Employees who work on stored materials in silos, hoppers, or tanks, must be equipped with lifelines and harnessesFall Protection36Stack bricks

22、in a manner that will keep them from fallingDo not stack them more than 7 feet highTaper back a loose brick stack after it is 4 feet highBrick Storage37LumberRemove nails before stackingStack on sillsStack lumber so that it is stable and self supporting38HousekeepingKeep storage areas free from accu

23、mulated materials that cause tripping, fires, or explosions, or that may contribute to harboring rats and pests 39Disposal of Waste MaterialsUse an enclosed chute when you drop material more than 20 feet outside of a buildingIf you drop debris through holes in the floor without chutes, enclose the drop area with barricades40Disposal of Scrap and Flammable MaterialsRemove all scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish from the immediate work area as work progressesKeep all solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquid