小学语法37486

1、三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：to be句型、there be句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、be going to句型等。现以58册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中58册的句型主要有：1. Whos your English teacher?   Mr. Carter.   2. Whats he like

2、?  Hes tall and strong.3. Is she quiet? No, she isnt.  She is very active.4. Is she strict?  Yes, she is, but shes very kind.5. What day is it today? Its Wednesday.6. Whats your favourite fruit/food?  7. Theyre sweet/ sour/ salty/ healthy/ 8. When is your birthday? Its in May.9.

3、My birthday is in June.  Uncle Bills birthday is in June, too.10. Is her birthday in June?  Yes, it is.    11. Whats the date?  12.This is Zhang Peng. 13. Where is the cinema, please? Its next to the hospital.14. How tall are you？  Im 164 cm tall.   

4、  15. You are shorter than me.16.Youre 4 cm taller than me.   17.How heavy are you?  Im 48 kg.18. Im thinner than you, and shorter.19. Whats the matter with you?   My throat is sore.20. How are you, Liu Yun / Sarah? 二 there be句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+

5、可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit 5和Unit 6中，如：1. There are two bedrooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a living room.2. There is a mirror, a bed and a big closet.3. Is there a forest in the park?  Yes, there is.4. Is there a river?  No, there isnt.5. Are there any pandas

6、in the mountains?  No, there arent.6. Are there any fish in the rivers?   Yes, there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually  often   sometimes  never  always等

7、。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2, 第7册Unit4,5,6, 第8册Unit2中。如：Book5: 1. What do you have on Thursdays?  We have English, math and science on Thursdays.    2. What do you do on Saturdays?  I watch TV on Saturdays.3. I do my homework.4. What do you have for lunch on Monday

8、s?  We have tomatoes, tofu and fish.5. I like fruit. But I dont like grapes.Book6: 1. When do you eat dinner? I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2. When do you get up?  I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3. What do you do on the weekend?  Usually I watch TV and go shopping. 4. Sometimes

9、I visit my grandparents. I often play football. Sometimes I go hiking.5. Which season do you like best? I like winter best. 6. Why do you like summer/winter?Book7: 1. How do you go to school, Sarah?  2. Usually I go to school on foot.  Sometimes I go by bike.3. I like collecting stamps. He

10、 likes collecting stamps, too.4. Does she teach math?  Yes, she does.5. Does she teach English？ No, she doesnt.  She teaches math.6. What does your mother do?  What does your father do? 7. Where does she work?  She works in a car company.8. How does she go to work?  She goes

11、 to work by bus.9. Where does the rain come from?  It comes from the clouds.10. Where does the cloud come from?  It comes from the vapour.11. Where does the vapour come from?   It comes from the water in the river.12. The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13. How do you do

12、that?  Book8: 1. My nose hurts.2. How do you feel?    I feel sick.   How does Amy feel? 3. You look so happy.  You look sad today.  四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look! Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be动词（am, is, are）+动词现在分词(v. ing)。该句型主要分布在第6册U

13、nit4, 5, 6中。如：1. What are you doing?  Im doing the dishes.   Im reading a book.2. Grandpa is writing a letter.  Brother is doing homework. Mom is cooking dinner in the kitchen.3. He is writing an e-mail in the study.3. What is it doing ?  Its eating bananas.   4. W

14、hat is she doing ?   Shes jumping.   5. What are they doing ?  Theyre swimming.  They re climbing trees.6. Are you eating lunch?   No, we arent.7. Are they eating the honey?  Yes, they are.8. Is he playing chess?  Yes, he is.  9. Is she counting

15、 insects?  No, she isnt.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday, last week ,  last year 等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词did。该句型分布在第8册Unit3&4中。如：1.What did you do last weekend?   I played football.2. Did you help them clean their room?  Yes, I did.3.What did

16、 you do yesterday?   I went fishing.4. Did you read book?   Yes, I did.5. Did you clean your room?  No, I didnt.6.Where did you go on your holiday?  I went to Xinjiang.7. What did you do there?  I sang and danced with my new friends.8. How did you go there？  I

17、 went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5, Book 5 Unit3中的：What would you like for lunch? Id like some 六 情态动词can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit4和第7册Unit1中。如：Book4: 1. What can you do?   I can sweep the floor.   I can cook the meals. 2. I can water the flowers.&#

18、160;    3. Can you make the bed?    No, I cant.  4. Can you use a computer?    Yes, I can.Book7:  How can I get to Zhongshan Park?  You can go by the No. 15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will和be going to句型，主要以be going to句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事

19、。句型主要结构：am/is/are + going to + v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow  next weekend  this morning  this weekend  nextbe going toBook7: 1. What are you going to do this weekend?   I am going to visit my grandparents.2. Where are you going?   I am going to the cinema.3. How is he g

20、oing to Beijing?    He is going to Beijing by plane.4. When is she going to Xiashan?    She is going to go there at 9:00 am.复习词组a new student 一个新学生 a new teacher一个新老师 Im new here. 我是新来的.Welcome to our school. 欢迎到我们学校. excuse me 打扰一下the boy in the tree 树上的那个男孩 let me see

21、 让我看看 come down 下来 climb trees 爬树in the zoo 在动物园里 come here 过来 the man over there 那边的那个男人 good evening 晚上好 at a party在聚会上 my brother 我的弟弟/哥哥 the boy with big eyes大眼睛的那个男孩 nice to meet you 见到你很高兴 the one in the white skirt 那个穿着白色短裙的 which one 哪一个 the man with a big mouth那个大嘴巴的男人the one in red那个穿红衣服的

22、the girl with a small nose 那个小鼻子的女孩 the woman with long hair那个长头发的妇女 be late for school上学迟到 the boy with big ears 大耳朵的那个男孩the one in the green shirt 那个穿着绿色衬衫的男人 in the car 在小汽车里 my good friend我的好朋友 her small eye她的小眼睛 a big nose一个大鼻子Youre right. 你是对的an old woman 一个老太太 buy fruit 买水果 some grapes 一些葡萄 h

23、ow many kilos 多少公斤 three kilos三公斤 Id like - 我想要- Here you are. 给你. these apples这些苹果 those oranges那些桔子 these or those这些还是那些 Can I help you?我能为你效劳吗? (营业员用语) by taxi坐出租车  on foot 步行      go by taxi  坐出租车去 go to the theatre去剧院   go there 去那儿   go to

24、 the Great Wall去长城go to the supermarket去超市   this train for Shanghai去上海的火车  the plane for Beijing 去北京的航班 good idea 好主意     play football 踢足球     in the school 在学校be free 有空 .go to school by bike 骑自行车去学校     at a snack bar在一家小

25、吃店(快餐店)里       how about-? -怎么样? some noodles 一些面条Something to drink一些喝的东西 something to eat一些吃的东西     orange/apple juice  桔汁/苹果汁 Anything else? 还要别的东西吗?     a cup of coffee/ tea 一杯咖啡/茶     a glass of

26、milk/ juice一杯牛奶/果汁some chocolate 一些巧克力 some sweets一些糖果 some water 一些水play basketball  打篮球 some cakes 一些蛋糕    get up 起床  have some juice 喝点果汁What would you like? 你要什么?  open day 接待日     our classroom我们的教室   watch TV看电视big and brigh

27、t又大又明亮    in your classroom 在你的教室里   in class在课上     near the window靠近窗   some songbooks一些歌本     on the piano在钢琴上  lots of books许多书   in the library在图书馆里           in the

28、 playground 在操场上 On the chair在椅子上   on the table在桌上     open the blue box  打开蓝色的盒子in the cupboard 在碗柜里  on the table在桌上  in the fridge在冰箱里           on the sofa 在沙发上      use chopsticks

29、   用筷子        Id like to try. 我想试试.        a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 Let me try again. 让我再试试.    in my classroom 在我的教室里          Good idea!好主意!   the first day of the new

30、 term 新学期的第一天all the students 所有的学生at school 在学校see each other 互相见面a new building 一座新大楼a lot of 许多Im not sure. 我不确定。go and see 去看看have a look 看一看how many 多少near your house 在你的房子附近 on the plate 在盘子里her parents 她的父母near her school 在她的学校附近very much 很,非常some dolls 一些洋娃娃on the wall 在墙上a map of the world

31、一幅世界地图a map of China 一幅中国地图behind the door 在门后in the basketball 在篮子里under the bed 在床下on my chair 在我的椅子上in the cats mouth在猫的嘴里look happy 看起来快乐at a Music lesson 在一节音乐课上two oclock in the afternoon 下午两点钟in the music room 在音乐室里have a music lesson 上一节音乐课sing a song 唱首歌,唱歌follow me跟着我sing together一起唱make a

32、 puppet做木偶make a model plane做飞机模型，做模型飞机play the violin拉小提琴play the guitar弹吉他play the piano弹钢琴put a book on your head 在你头上放一本书have an ice cream 吃冰淇淋after class 下课后play basketball 打篮球a Halloween party 一个万圣节聚会What do they need? 他们需要什么？like masks 喜欢面具a pumpkin lantern 一个南瓜灯What else do you need? 你还需要些什么

33、？Heres your change. 这儿是你的零钱。some sweets 一些糖果on Saturdays and Sundays 在周六和周日like swimming 喜欢游泳play table tennis with friends 和朋友打乒乓watch TV 看电视listen to music 听音乐read the book 读书open the door开门 write the new words写新单词 read the book读书draw a picture画一幅画 drink the water喝水 this red vase这个红色的花瓶 in the pic

34、ture在图片里eat the noodles吃面条 put the flowers in the vase把花放在花瓶里play computer games打电脑游戏do housework 做家务 Sunday morning 星期天上午 at home 在家 Are you free now? 你现在有空吗？ sweep the floor 扫地、擦地板 clean the windows 擦窗户 do homework 做家庭作业 help me with my Maths 帮助我学习数学this afternoon 今天下午 wash clothes 洗衣服 make a cake

35、 做蛋糕 see you this afternoon 今天下午见come and help me 过来帮我 sit on the chair 坐在椅子上 how about 怎么样 after school 放学后three oclock in the afternoon 下午三点钟look for 寻找 help you 帮助你in the playground 在操场上 play basketball 打篮球 go and join them 去加入他们go to the playground去操场 study in the library 在图书馆学习 clean the librar

36、y 打扫图书馆read a newspaper 看报纸 read a magazine 看杂志 play chess 下棋play cards 打扑克 play with a yo-yo 玩溜溜球 sit on a football 坐在足球上 eat the food 吃食物 play computer games 玩电脑游戏clean the study 打扫书房 on the kite 在风筝上 all busy 都忙a camping trip 一次日野营旅行 their teachers 他们的学生near the hill 在小山附近 a camping site 一个野营营地 a

37、 big tent 一个大帐篷 a tin of chicken 一罐头鸡肉a tin of fish 一罐头鱼肉over there 在那边 two new blankets 两条新毛毯 a box of chocolate 一盒巧克力 some fruit 一些水果 in the fridge 在冰箱里an Art lesson 一节美术课look at the blackboard 看着黑板fly a kite 放风筝 draw a circle 画一个圆 show us how to draw it 给我们看看怎么画它on the paper 在纸上make a card 做一张卡片m

38、any circles 许多圆形一节体育课 a PE lesson在操场  in the playground上一节体育课  have a PE lesson按照指令 follow the orders发出指令 give the orders站成一排 stand in a line做锻炼 do some exercise上下up and down上下跳  jump up and down仔细地听 listen carefully十次 ten times向左转turn left 向右转turn right 做这个十次do th

39、is ten times 把放在上  put on把放在里面  putin仰躺 lie on ones back 抬起 lift up用触摸 touchwith右手 right hand每天 every day忙碌的一天 a busy day在晚上 at night值日  on duty快点 be quick一场足球赛 a football game看电视 watch TV吃晚饭 have supper打扫图书馆 clean the library做作业 do ones homework加入我们 join us开始上课 classes

40、 begin洗衣服 wash clothes在周末 at the weekends过周末spend ones weekends谈论 talk about在星期五下午 on Friday afternoon放学后 after school上网 surf  the Internet向我学英语 learn English from me 听音乐 listen to music在家at home荡秋千 play on the swings做家务 do housework当然 of course/ sure 看卡通watch cartoons抓昆虫 catch insect

41、s抓蝴蝶 catch butterflies我们的好朋友our good friends一所小学 a Primary School在树上 in the tree/on the tree在瓶子里in bottles英语俱乐部the English Club不同的国家different countries 居住在纽约 live in New York说英语 speak English教英语 teach English一个大城市 a big city读书 read books参观中国 visit China日本参观者Japanese visitors一个英国朋友an English friend发邮

42、件 write an e-mail写信write a letter打乒乓play table tennis居住live in一个小镇 a small town相同的年龄 the same age在学校 at school从周一到周五  from Monday to Friday大声地说 speak loudly跑得快 run fast跳得高 jump high走路小心walk carefully安静地坐sit quietly跳舞跳得美dance beautifully拍照 take photos购物 go shopping收集邮票 collect stamps收集中国邮票collec

43、t Chinese stamps种花 grow flowers做衣服make clothes洗衣服wash clothesBen的爱好 Bens hobby一些爱好 some hobbies许多漂亮的邮票many beautiful stamps出示给看showto动物邮票 animal stamps在花园里 in the  garden做饭 cook food浇花 water the flowers相同的爱好 the same hobby一次电话通话a telephone call午饭以后 after lunch呆在床上stay in bed严重的咳嗽a bad coug

44、h吃药take some medicine去看医生go to see a doctor张开你的嘴open your mouth好好休息have a good rest打错电话 wrong number新学期 a new term星期一上午Monday morning在星期一上午on Monday morning她的学生 her students第一节课the first lesson欢迎回到学校  welcome back to school什么科目what subjects八门课eight subjects八节课eight lessons在一周内in a week立刻，马上at o

45、nce他的家人his family感觉病了feel ill来自日本from JapanNo smoking 禁止吸烟 No littering禁止扔杂物No parking禁止停车 No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝keep off the grass不接近草坪Be quiet保持安静Do not touch不要摸climb trees爬树go to the park去公园 go home回家 have an ice cream吃一个冰激凌 have dinner吃饭 watch TV看电视 play computer games 玩电脑游戏 go to bed睡觉 a l

46、ot of a lot大量的；许多 public signs公共标志on the wall在墙上 stay away from远离 walk on the grass在草地上走 he birds cage鸟笼 make noise发出噪音take a walk散步a ten-yuan note 一张十元的钞票 look around四周看 pick up捡起 a new student in Bens class 本班上的一位新学生 go home together一起回家after school放学以后 talk about谈论有关the third of March三月三日your bir

47、thday你的生日blow out吹灭as a birthday present作为生日礼物birthday cake生日蛋糕come to my birthday party 来参加我的生日聚会 have a birthday party举办生日聚会 a VCD of Japanese cartoons 一张日本卡通光盘open the door 开门 make a birthday card 做一张生日贺卡 take off脱下 Sports Day运动日all the students所有的学生very exciting非常令人兴奋 look for寻找 a running race一场

48、赛跑 let me see让我看看a moment ago / just now刚才 on the ground在地上 pick them up for me 帮我把它们捡起来 in front of 在前面a pair of glasses一副眼镜(单数) a roll of film一卷胶卷(单数) three diaries三本日记 a pair of earphones一副耳机(单数) listen to music 听音乐 yesterday evening 昨天晚上 under the table在桌子下面 close your eyes 闭上你的眼睛 play a game 玩游

49、戏National Day（国庆日）the National Day holiday（国庆假期）last week/ last year上个星期/去年after the holiday（假期后）go to school early（很早上学）/ early latein the school playground（在学校操场上）before class（上课前）/ before aftera funny cartoon （一部有趣的卡通片）visit a farm with my family （和我的家人一起参观农场）on the farm（在农场里）water trees（浇树）pull

50、up carrots（拔胡萝卜）milk cows（挤牛奶）collect eggs（收集鸡蛋）fruit trees（果树） pick a lot of oranges摘许多橘子taste them（品尝它们）go to the farm（去农场）at the weekends（在周末）watch cartoons（看动画片）visit the zoo（参观动物园）play volleyball打排球clean the house（打扫房子）visit Liu Taos grandparents拜访刘涛的祖父母camping trip（野营旅行）at a camp（在一个营地上）cook a

51、 lot of food（做许多食物）play a lot of games（玩许多游戏）go camping（去野营）have a good time（玩得很高兴）come after 在之后到来New Year's Day 元旦on New Year's Day 在元旦at Christmas 在圣诞节go to parties 去参加聚会have a big lunch 吃一顿丰盛的午餐at Spring Festival 在春节What do people usually do at Spring Festival? 人们通常在春节干什么？ visit their re

52、latives and friends 拜访他们的亲戚和朋友eat lots of delicious food吃许多美味的食物last Spring Festival 上个春节of course 当然my favourite holiday 我最喜爱的节日in October 在十月dress up in costumes 用戏服装扮last Halloween 去年万圣节eat moon cakes 吃月饼play with lanterns 玩灯笼watch the moon赏月on different holidays 在不同的节日last year 去年at Easter 在复活节l

53、isten to him 听他讲in the grass 在草丛中a popular holiday 一个流行的节日in China 在中国 in January or February 在一月或二月 eat rice dumplings 吃粽子 like to play with lanterns喜欢玩灯笼eat chocolate eggs 吃巧克力蛋make pumpkin lanterns制作南瓜灯笼give presents to your friends 把礼物给你的朋友go to Beijing 去北京this afternoon 今天下午play with balloons 玩

54、气球sing and dance唱歌跳舞meet Helen in the playground 在操场上遇见海伦 visit a farm with my parents 和我的父母亲一起参观农场play with friends 和朋友玩 watch the dragon boat races 观看龙舟比赛on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 Jim's family 吉姆一家人in his grandparent's house在他爷爷奶奶的房子里Christmas trees 圣诞树the presents under the Christmas tree 在圣诞

55、树下的礼物so many 这么多from grandmother 来自祖母open it for me 为我打开它like drinking tea 喜欢喝茶Christmas presents 圣诞礼物at Jim's house 在吉姆家draw and write in the diary 在日记上画和写go to the supermarket 去超市sit at the back of the bus 坐在公共汽车的后面get off 下车the seat in front of me 在我前面的座位the woman beside him 在他旁边的妇女walk to th

56、e driver 走向驾驶员after lunch 午餐后You are welcome. 不用谢write his diary 写他的日记under the seat 在座位下面open the presents 打开礼物6B词组归纳去散步 go for a walk很高兴见到 be glad to see聊天 have a chat双胞胎姐妹 twin sisters看起来很像 look the same大10年 ten years older than小20分钟 twenty minutes younger than唯一的孩子 the only child再试试 try again擅长于

57、英语 be good at English擅长于唱歌 be good at singing做得好 do well in体育需要帮助 need help with PE怎么拉？ Whats wrong? / Whats the matter?一位好篮球运动员 a good basketball player那是事实。 Thats true.男孩中的一些 some of the boys在我班里 in my class别担心。 Dont worry.做更多锻炼 do more exercise变得更强壮 get stronger起得早 get up early慢跑去学校 jog to school

58、玩球类运动 play ball games开始上课 start our lesson读新单词 read the new words我们所有人 all of us上学迟到 be late for school来自于 be from/ come from去历史博物馆的路 the way to the History Museum认识路 know the way怎样到达那儿 how to get there告诉我 tell me沿着街走 walk along the street在第四个十字路口左拐 turn left at the fourth crossing在你右边 on you right多

59、远 how far错过它 miss it五公里远 five kilometres away一段长的距离 a long walk每五分钟 every five minutes每六天 every six days去邮局 go to the post office在中山路 on Zhongshan Road在街上 in the street乘5路车 take bus No.5在电影院前 in front of the cinema在第二个车站下车 get off at the second stop到达购物中心 get to the shopping centre一本关于动物的书 a book about animals跑出商店 run out of the shop过来帮助 come to help沿着街跑run along the street开始跑 start to run拿回钱包 get my purse back跳高 high ju