英文财务报表解析

1、英文财务报表解析2015年9月解决三个目标问题n 英文报表的直观差异是什么？n 报表项目是什么意思？n 如何看懂英文报表？n财务报表的组成资产负债表、利润表、股东权益表及现金流量表和综合收益表n会计期间会计年度结束时间各有不同，但原则上是满一年的结账日。美国的财务会计准则委员会并没有对企业的会计年度起讫日期做出特别规定，只是由政府部门公布了一个指导时间10月制（10月1日至次年9月30日为一个会计年度），实际上允许企业根据自己所在行业和经营情况来灵活选择自己的会计年度。n比较性财务报表英文报表的直观差异是什么？以美国公司报表为准以美国公司报表为准INCOME STATEMENT(损益表)英文英

2、文报表主要项目报表主要项目中文释义中文释义Net sales净销售收入【注】Cost of goods sold销货成本Gross profit毛利Selling expenses销售费用Administrative expenses管理费用Income from operations经营收益Other revenues and gains其他收入和利得Other expenses and losses其他费用和损失Income before tax税前收益Income tax所得税Net income for the year本年净收益Earnings per share每股收益【注】Net

3、 sales including sales, discounts, allowances, returns and other related information.INCOME STATEMENT(损益表)英文报表项目中文释义Selling expenses销售费用Sales salaries and commissions销售人员工资和佣金Sales office salaries销售办工资Travel and entertainment差旅费和招待费Advertising expense广告费Freight and transportation-out运费Shipping suppl

4、ies and expense船运物料和费用Postage and stationery邮费和办公用品Telephone and Internet expense通讯费Depreciation of sales equipment销售设备折旧费英文报表项目中文释义Administrative expenses管理费用Officers salaries管理人员工资Legal and professional services法律和专业服务费Utilities expense水电费Insurance expense保险费Depreciation of building房屋折旧Depreciatio

5、n of office equipment办公设备折旧Stationery, supplies and postage办公用品、物料和邮费Miscellaneous office expenses其他办公费BALANCE SHEETS(资产负债表)英文报表主要项目中文释义Assets资产Current assets流动资产Cash and cash equivalents现金和现金等价物Available-for-sale securities-at fair value可供出售证券-公允价值Short-term investment短期投资Accounts receivable应收账款All

6、owance for doubtful accounts坏账准备Inventories存货Prepaid expenses预付费用Total current assets流动资产合计Long-term investment长期投资Plant assets, net of depreciation固定资产折旧后净值Intangible assets, net of amortization无形资产摊销后净值Goodwill商誉Other assets其他资产Total assets资产总额BALANCE SHEETS(资产负债表)英文报表主要项目中文释义Liabilities and Share

7、owners Equity负债和所有者权益Current liabilities流动负债Notes payable应付票据Payable to suppliers and others应付账款Accrued interest on notes payable应付票据利息Accrued salaries, wages应付薪酬Accrued liabilities应计负债Dividend payable应付股利Accrued income taxes应付所得税Deferred revenue递延收益Current maturities of long-term debt年内到期的长期负债Other

8、 current liabilities其他流动负债Long-term debt长期负债Obligations under capital leases融资租赁义务Other liabilities, mainly deferred income tax其他负债，递延所得税为主Shareowners equity所有者权益Paid in on capital stock实收资本Preferred stock authorized 40sh.;none issued优先股，核准4000万股，发行0股Capital stock,$0.15 par value;authorized14sh;issu

9、ed 13sh股本，面值$0.15，核准1400万股，发行1300万股Capital surplus资本公积Earnings retained in the business留存收益Cumulative translation adjustments外币折算调整累计数STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS(现金流量表)英文报表主要项目中文释义Cash flows from operating activities经营活动产生的现金流量Net earnings/income净收益To reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by opera

10、ting activities:将净收益调整为经营活动产生的现金流量净额Depreciation and amortization折旧和摊销Divestitures and restructuring剥离和重组Deferred taxes递延税款Other, net其他净值Cumulative effect of accounting change会计变更的累计影响(increase) decrease in accounts receivable应收账款的减少（增加）(increase) decrease in inventories存货的减少（增加）Net change in other

11、current assets and liabilities其他流动资产和负债的变化净额Net cash from operating activities经营活动产生的现金流量净额Cash flows from investing activities投资活动产生的现金流量Purchases of plant assets购置固定资产Sale of plant assets出售固定资产Businesses acquired企业并购Sale of businesses企业出售Increase in other assets其他资产增加Net change in other temporary

12、investments其他临时投资变化净额Net cash used in investing activities投资活动产生的现金流量净额STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(现金流量表)英文报表主要项目中文释义Cash flows from financial activities筹资活动产生的现金流量Long-term borrowings长期借款Repayments of long-term borrowings偿还长期借款Increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings短期借款的增加（减少）Other short-term bor

13、rowings其他短期借款Repayments of other short-term borrowings偿还其他短期借款Payment of cash dividend支付现金股利Issuance of common stock发行普通股Redemption of bonds偿付债券Other, net其他净值Net cash from financing activities筹资活动产生的现金流量净额Effect of exchange rate change on cash汇率变动对现金的影响Net increase(decrease) in cash and cash equival

14、ents现金及现金等价物净增加（减少）额Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year期初现金及现金等价物Cash and cash equivalents at end of year期末现金及现金等价物如何看懂英文报表？以苹果（AAPL）报表为例如何看懂英文报表？如何看懂英文报表？如何看懂英文报表？如何看懂英文报表？ Financial statement analysis focuses on one or more elements of a companys financial condition or operating results. Our analysis emphasizes six areas of inquiry-with varying degrees of importance. “Building blocks” of financial statement analysis as follows:1. Short-term liquidity2. Capital structure and solvency3. Return on invested capital4. Asset turnover5. Op