拉丁语语法复习112019

1、语法复习I .拉丁语的名词、形容词、代词和动词可变；其他类型词的形式不变。II .我们学习了名词的两种变格法（见麦老师的书第26页：第一变格法，第二变格法），这两种变格法需要熟练掌握。II.六种格：（可参考麦老师的书PP20-24.）a. Casusnominativus（主格）：是动作的主语，支配动词的词。Paterdormit.Matersedet.Puerirident.b. Casusgenetivus（属格）：表达从属关系，如“某人或某物的”。Paterdiscipui（thefatherofthemalestudent）Materpuellarum（themotherofthegi

2、rls）c. Casusdativus（与格）：表示说话或给予事物的对象。Magisterdiscipulodicit.（Theteachersaystothestudent.）d. Casusaccusativus（宾格）：动作的直接接受者。Magisterdiscipulosvocat.（Theteachercallstothestudents.）e. Casusablativus（夺格）：表示地点、时间、原因、方式等等。Discipulietmagistracantant（canto,cantare:sing）inschola.（Thestudentsandtheteachersingi

3、nschool.）f. Casusvocativus（呼格）：表示感叹。（见米兰老师的书第22页。）Domine,Deusmeus!（OLord,myGod!）（Dominus变成了Domine）RIV.大部分动词可以归于四组，我们学习了动词直陈式主动现在时的四组动词的变位（见米兰老师书第59页，或麦老师的书第27页）。第I组第II组第III组第IV组不定式ama-re爱sede-re坐dice-re说dormi-re睡觉第1人称单数amosedeodicodormio第2人称单数amassedesdic-i-sdormis第3人称单数amatsedetdic-i-tdormit第1人称复数a

4、mamussedemusdic-i-musdormimus第2人称复数1amatissedetisdic-i-tisdormitis第3人称复数amantsedentDic-u-ntDormi-u-nt熟记动词esse的变位：EgosumTuesIs/Ea/IdestNossumusVosestisli/Eae/Easunt.V.介词1 .加宾格的介词：Praepositionescumcasuaccusativoante,post,per,circuma)ante(before):?Curluditisredetisqueantelocumsacrum?(ubi?Where?)b)post(

5、after):?Pueripostprandiumpilaludunt.(quando?When?)?Postecclesiammurioppidisunt.(ubi?Where?)c)per(through)?Puellaeperostiuminecclesiamintrant.d)Circum(around)?Ecclesiasitaestpropemurumantiquum,quicircumoppidumAquileiaest.2 .加夺格的介词：Praepositionescumcasuablativo:sine,a(ab),de,e(ex),cum,in,suba)cum(with

6、):cumservo,cumancillab)sine(without):PuerisinePaulopilaludunt.(sinequo?Withoutwhom?)c)a(ab):from,从。分离：Claudiaapuerisdiscedit.PerpetuaetBenedictusaHoratiodiscedunt.d)de(about,关于)：Iidevariisargumentisdisputant.(dequare?aboutwhatthing?)e) e(ex):from,从。地方，ex在元音前面(a,e,i,o,u,h；e在辅音前面(b,c,d,f,)eGraecia,exI

7、talia(UndervenitAlexander?WheredoesAlexandercomefrom?AlexanderveniteGraecia.f) DonatamesamDominibenepurgat.SubeaChristianireliquiasSanctorumservant.3.即可以加夺格，又可以加宾格的介词：inPraepositionescumcasuablativoetcasuaccusativona) Invia(夺格：表示地点)Appiaambulamus.b) Inhorto(夺格)discipulisinemagistroambulant.Thestuden

8、tswalkinthegardenwithoutthe(male)teacher.c) Discipulietdiscipulaeinscholam(宾格：表示动作的方向)veniunt.VI. Pronomendemonstrativum（指示代词）:is,ea,id（见米兰老师的书第75页或麦老师的书第91-92页）MFNNominativus主格iseaidSingularisGenetivus属格eiuseiuseiusDativus与格eieieiAccusativus宾格eumeamidAblativus夺格eoeaeoNominativus主格iieaeeaPluralisGen

9、etivus属格eorumearumeorumDativus与格iisiisiisAccusativus宾格eoseaseaAblativus夺格iisiisiisVII. Pronomenrelativum（关系代词）：qui,quae,quod（见米兰老师的书第76页。）MFNNominativus主格quiquaequodGenetivus属格Dativus与格Accusativus宾格quemquamquodAblativus夺格Nominativus主格quiquaequae3Genetivus属格Dativus与格Accusativus宾格quosquasquaeAblativus

10、夺格练习：1. Pleasefillintheblank:(1) Puellasingularisest.(puella)pluralisest.(2) Fluviipluralisest.(fluvius)singularisest.(3) Oppidumsingularisest.(oppidum)pluralisest.(4) Discipulibonipluralisest.Singularisest.(5) Rosapulchrasingularisest.Pluralisest.(6) Oppidumbonumsingularisest.Pluralisest.(7) Secund

11、umvocabulumsingularisest.Pluralistest2. Pleasefillintheappropriateformofthewords.(1) Puellaeper(ostium)inscholamintrant.(2) Sub(sella)rosaest.(3) UbiestMarcus?In(forum).(4) Ubiestmagistra?In(schola).(5) Ubiestmagister?In(fluvius).(6) Discipulipilaluduntcum(magister).(7) Marcuspost(prandium)in(schola

12、)venit.(8) Ante(talula)magistrastat.(9) Benedictusapud(Marcus)sedet.(10) Syravenite(Graecia).(11)Horatiusex(Italia)venit.3. Pleasefillintheappropriateformofverbs:(1) Egolaudo.Tu.Is.Nos.Vos.Discipuli.Ego.Tu.Marcussedet.Nos.Vos.Puellae.Ego.Tudicis.Donata.Nos.Vos.PerpetuaetCeciliaEgo.Tu.Is.Nosvenimus.Vos.Discipulae.4. PleasetranslatethefollowingLatinproverbsandmottosintoEnglishorChinese:Sapereaude!Arslongavitabrevis.Egosumvia,veritasetvita.Carpediem.Romacaputmundi.Cogitoergosum.Omniavincitamor.Nemoestsup