过去分词的用法讲解以及练习

1、过去分词的用法讲解以及练习1. 构成：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：（1）、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。（2）、以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将”y”变为i，再加“ed”。（4）、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写辅音字再+“ed”。（5）不规则动词，见课后不规则表seesawseen2. 用法：非谓语动词除了包括不定式、动名词，还包括过去分词。过去分词又称-ed分词,在句中要和其它成分连用可以构成句子的谓语，单独的话也可以用作句子的表语、定语，宾补和状语。一：过去分词要和其它成分连用

2、构成句子的谓语。1. have/.has+过去分词（现在完成时）Eg:Ihaventbeenoutmuchrecently.我最近没太出门。2. had+过去分词（过去完成时）Eg:Itwassaidthathehadbeenarrested.3. be+过去分词（被动语态）Eg:ThebookwaswrittenbyLuxun.二：单独使用的话做非谓语，可以用作句子的表语、定语，宾补和状语。1.动词-ed形式作定语作定语的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成，不表被动.如:cookedfood;b

3、oiledwaterboilingwaterfriedchipsfallenleavesfallingleaves;icedbeer；therisensuntherisingsunTheexcitedpeoplerushedintobuilding.Losttimecanneverbefoundagain.(2)后置定语少数单个动词的-ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定语。1. Everythingusedshouldbemarked.2.Thebooksleftareformystudents.动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上相当于一个定语从句。Theco

4、ncertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccessThemeeting,attendedbyalotofpeople,wasasuccess.实战练习一：用所给词的适当形式填空1. Amongthe(invite)weresomeladies.2. Mr.Smith,(tire)ofthespeech,startedtoreada(bore)novel.3. Wemustadaptourthinkingtothe(change)conditions.4. Hedidntnoticethe(surprise)_lookonherface2. 、动词-ed形式作表语常放在be或

5、系动词之后，过去分词作表语并无完成”或被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或感受等。如:Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.【注意】1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别态则表示动作:过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的感受和状态，而被动语(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.表示动作)(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(过去分词作表语)2. 作表语的-ed形式可被much,very,quite等所修饰。被动态却不行1.1wasveryp

6、leasedatthenews.2.Hegrewmuchtiredofthework.3.Heseemedquitedelightedattheidea.【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成，V-ing形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing形式来修饰物.这本书(3) Thebookisinterestingandrminterestedinit.实战练习二：用所给词的适当形式填空1. Heseemedquite(delight)attheidea.2. Cleaningwomeninbigci

7、tiesusuallyget(pay)bythehour.3. AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot(lose)frommyfriends.3. 动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。动词的-ed形式可以在主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中，动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下四类：1. 表示感官动词.女口:see,watch,observe,lo

8、okat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等.(1) IheardthesongsunginEnglish.(2) Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.2. 使役动词.女口:have,make,get,keep,leave等.1. )过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成(1)nihavemyhaircuttomorrow.(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.(3)Dontleavethosethingsundone.2. )过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所遭受的经历女口:Hehadhismoneystol

9、en.Hehadhislegbroken.3. 表示爱憎，意愿的动词如want,wish,like,hate等后。如：(1)1wantedtwoticketsbooked.2)Hedidntwishthemattermentioned.4. with+宾语+过去分词”的结构此结构中，过去分词用作介iwith的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间，方式，条件，原因等状语.(1) Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.(2) Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.区别练习1. Withalotof

10、homework(do),Icantgoout.2. Withalotofhomework(finish),Iamtired.3. Withthebaby(cry),1couldntfallasleep.With的其他用法归纳：With+名词+介词短语/形容词/畐恫1. DontstanWithyourhandsinyourpockets.2. Shesawasmallriverwithgreengrassandredflowersonbothsides.3.Shesleepswiththewindowopen.4. TianAnMenSquarelooksevenmorebeautifulw

11、ithalllightson.实战练习三：用所给词的适当形式填空1.1llhavemyphoto(take)tomorrow.2. Iwantmyhomework(finish)bySunday.3. IturnedaroundbecauseIheardmyname(call).4. Withhishomework_(finish),_Peterwentouttoplayfootball.5. Ihadmypurse(steal)onthebus.4. 过去分词作为状语常放在句首，有时候也在句尾，过去分词作状语语逻辑主语之间表示被动的和完成的动作.如1. Hestoodtheresilentl

12、y,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.2. Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!过去分词作状语来源于状语从句，在句中一般能作6种状语，即时间、原因、条件、让步，结果，方式和伴随状语。1. Whenseenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.2. Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.3. Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.4. Thoughbeate

13、nbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidntloseheart.5. Hecamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.注意当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，才可以把从句的主语和be动词省略，把状语从句改为过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成连词+过去分词结构作状语，即while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+过去分词结构。如Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.2. 过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语)因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。

14、这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有:worried(迷路);seated(坐);absorbed/lostin(/陷入。);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦)interestedinFacedwith(面对)等。如：Absorbed/lostindeepthought,hedidnthearthesound._Dressedinawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.5、过去分词作独立成分如果过去分词作状语时，前面再加逻辑主语，主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.(1) Thesi

15、gnalgiven,thebusstarted.信号一发出，汽车就开动了.(thesignal是given的逻辑主语，因此主句主语thebus就不是given的逻辑主语.(2) Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(herhead是heldhigh的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she就不再是heldhigh的逻辑主语.)实战练习四：用所给词的适当形式填空。1. (see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautifultous.2. (look)outofthewindow,Ifoundmanychildrenplay

16、ingontheplayground.3. (give)time,hellmakeafirstclasstennisplayer.4. (move)bywhatmymothersaid,Icouldnthelpcrying.5. Whenask)wherehewasborn,JohnsaidhewasaNewYorker.实战练习1. Canthose(sea)atthebackoftheclassroomhearme?Noproblem.2. Mostoftheartists(invite)tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.3. Pricesofdailyfoods

17、(buy)throughacomputercanbelowerthanpricesinstores.4. -Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou?-Idliketohavethispackage_weigh)madam.5. TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish(speak)asmuchaswecan.6. Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseearry)outthenextyear.7. Pleaseremain(sea);thewinnerof

18、theprizewillbeannouncedsoon.8. (lose)inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.9.If(give)thesametreatmentagain,hessuretogetwell.10. (found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.tseem11. When(compare)withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn12. Unless(invite)tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.13. When,(invite)themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.14. Theresearchissodesignedthatoncebegin)nothingcanbedonetochangeit.15. (give)_mo