文化差异对国际商务的影响

1、文化差异对国际商务的影响摘 要：伴随着贸易的发展,文化差异对贸易的影响也越发突显。这体现在语言、宗教、社会习惯、政治哲学、社会结构、教育等文化构成的各个层面。必须培养跨文化意识,加强跨文化商务交往能力,进行文化交流与展示,注重文化的融合和变迁,以此推动世界贸易的发展。 关键词：国际贸易;文化差异;贸易扩展 Cultural differences impact on international businessABSTRACT Along with trade, cultural differences impact on trade is also increasingly prominen

2、t. This is reflected in language, religion, social habits, political philosophy, social structure, education, culture, consisting of all levels. Must develop cross-cultural awareness, strengthen cross-cultural business communication skills, cultural exchange and exhibition, focusing on cultural inte

3、gration and change, in order to promote the development of world trade. KEY WORDS International trade; cultural differences; trade expansionCulture is the human development process in the social history of the creation of material wealth and spiritual wealth, the sum of the accumulation of history,

4、is also different regions, different countries and ethnic characteristics of a carrier. Although the course of history different cultures influence each other and infiltration, but the different countries and cultures is still maintained their own unique personality. Therefore, the culture is divers

5、ity, a culture that is the essential things, to other cultures, it might not be so seriously. But with the changing structure of world economy and the acceleration of world economic integration, international trade is continuously expanding and deepening. But along with the development of trade, imp

6、act of cultural differences more and more to highlight. World trade in cultural differences have affected the international trade activities.In recent years, China-EU economic and trade relations developed rapidly. In 2003, the China-EU trade volume was 125.22 billion U.S. dollars, billions of dolla

7、rs the first time; in 2004, a new high China-EU bilateral trade reached 177.28 billion U.S. dollars; 2005, bilateral trade exceeded 200 billion U.S. dollars mark, reaching 217.3 billion dollars; 2006, bilateral trade amounted to 272.3 billion U.S. dollars. The first 10 months of 2007, EU trade 27.5%

8、 average increase in Chinas foreign trade 23.5% higher than the overall growth rate, and significantly more than the United States and Japan 15.6% and 14.0% growth. 1 to 10 months, the China-EU trade volume reached 287.52 billion U.S. dollars. Continue to maintain Chinas largest trading partner.Firs

9、t, the type and impact of cultural differences1. Language differences. Language is unique to humans, used to express ideas, a tool for exchange of ideas, is a special and universal social phenomenon. Language is culture is all about. Each language has its specific cultural connotation. In the econom

10、ic globalization today, conducting international trade activities, exchange of conversion between different languages is essential. However, due to cultural differences led to the transformation of communication between different language difficulties, which affected the international business conta

11、cts.GMs slogan: living in Belgium (Body in Belgium) language translation Franks was the fisherman next to the body (Corpse by Fisher). A very creative advertising because of language differences led to expand the market adversely. Similarly, a Brazilian airline ad that she had a very comfortable cab

12、in (comfortable rendezvous), but this change for the Portuguese was illegal sex establishments (a room for illicit sexuallen counters). Thus, the language of international trade, of which it has a great influence.2. Religious differences. Religion is a social phenomenon and social behavior, which in

13、cludes the guiding ideology, organization, mobile, and cultural aspects. Religion is a kind of community dominated by the worship of cognitive and cultural customs of the enlightenment, is a historical phenomenon. Since becoming a group activity of human biology, as social groups with since the reli

14、gion is, as has the training and strengthening the social role of an important social behavior as the most necessary.Therefore, the religious dimension of ideology, but also affect the operation of international trade. The worlds different countries, different regions and different ethnic groups hav

15、e different religious beliefs. The worlds major religions Judaism, Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, the religion, Sikhism, Zoroastrianism and so on. So in international exchanges should be noted that different religious beliefs, such as the multi-Japanese Shinto

16、 belief, the Arab countries are Moslem, Christian majority of the British.An international company in Qatar talks, due to the neglect of religious factors responsible person, based on the successful conviction, carrying a brandy ready to celebrate with colleagues at the ceremony, and he is not only

17、a strict Muslim country as a pious man of customs immediately off, and the company became the unwelcome company. Is such a cultural details on the error, resulting in the loss of trade contracts.3. The difference will be used. Social practices, in a long time in the gradually develop, the moment is

18、not easy to change behavior, orientation or social practice. It will not only affect the consumers values, but also affect peoples work and thinking. With the deepening of international trade, led the development of transnational corporations. A mature multinational corporations must be a firm under

19、standing of the target countrys culture, a focus on cultural differences in the company.Hilton Hotels is a world famous hotel, attention to differences in social habits is one reason for its success. Hilton stressed the individuality of each hotel must have, for their region or country market, to ca

20、rry out the decor and service with personality. Encourage chefs to use local raw materials to make the meal with local flavor.Similarly, the successful operation of multinational companies need to respect the work mode. A Northern California company acquired a company in Birmingham City, hoping to o

21、pen the European market. However, shortly after taking over the company, the management of the United States is ready to correct afternoon tea break time. In the UK, each person can have a half-hour afternoon tea time, but management wants this reduced to ten minutes. The result is the workers strik

22、e, the company eventually closed down. Therefore, international trade, if the cultural reality of overseas work slow to be incurred by the tragic consequences.4. Differences in political philosophy. Politics is the superstructure of the main powers in the field of safeguarding their own interests an

23、d the resulting form of specific acts of specific relationships. It is developed to a certain period of human history has emerged as an important social phenomenon. Politics on all aspects of social life have a significant impact and role. Because international trade is conducted between different c

24、ountries and regions, and therefore must be subject to the influence and role of political philosophy.In international trade, as countries have different national conditions, different political factors, on product packaging materials, structures, patterns and text logo and others have different req

25、uirements. Arab countries to import goods such as packaging disabled hexagonal star pattern, because the Star of David and Israeli flags in the pattern similar. Thus, only recognize the different political, historical and cultural background to understand the relevant order to better promote export.

26、5. Social structure differences. gaspects of entertaining guests to travel abroad, tourism and education are undoubtedly those who are the top spending, construction or purchase of housing, health services and adult education services belong to upper and middle class, although some difference betwee

27、n the proportion doubled the number of projects, or at least 1 / 3 or more. The lower middle class in the clothing, footwear, daily life, entertainment, vacations, travel and so on must save money, saveSocial structure is the basic component of a social system, the relationship between the organized

28、. Include social stratification social structure, and along with the level and types of class levels. Social structure greatly affect the operation of international trade and multinational companies target market.Regent Group under the different target customers ages to make an accurate market posit

29、ioning, the hotel had a different interior design. MAYFAIR Hotel in New York, the main attractions of its architectural style has strong security awareness, conservative, traditional, older customers, while the New York Regent Hotel is a modern atmosphere, to attract young, active business travelers

30、.Expenditure structure of Russian nationals, all sectors there is a clear distinction. Such as the upper middle class, they rarely food, medical services, cost-savin the middle are often vacation expenses. Differentiation of goods in use, its meaning is not whether their possessions, and more on the

31、 performance of the difference between the brand and price. Therefore, international trade must grasp the social class structure of the target market, targeted for production, use different marketing strategies.6. Educational differences. Education as a branch of culture, by changing a countrys comp

32、arative advantage or marketing of different countries and trade between regions. If a national level and the overall low level of education, its comparative advantage more inclined to labor-intensive. However, if a country attaches importance to education, civic education level is higher, the advanc

33、ed technology, innovation ability, comparative advantage mainly for technology-intensive or capital-intensive.Similarly, education is also affected marketing. On the one hand, for the implementation of the marketing strategy of the company, staff education and training for the companys development h

34、as important implications. World-famous multinational companies such as Wal-Mart, General Electric, IBM and so is the importance of staff education and training, establishment of specialized schools and even develop their own management. On the other hand, the recipient of the marketing strategy for

35、 customers, customers with different levels of education of their different needs, so when international trade should develop different marketing strategies.Second, to deal with international trade in cultural differences1. Cross-cultural awareness training. Cross-cultural awareness is the business

36、peoples understanding of cultural differences and respond appropriately to a business sense. In other words, reflecting the international trade are the values of local culture can not meet the standards of conduct for multinational development needs. International business operations in all aspects,

37、 such as international marketing, human resource management, incentives and so require a higher cross-cultural awareness. Therefore, persons engaged in international trade must have a basic cross-cultural awareness.2. Cross-cultural business skills to master. Cross-cultural business dealings should

38、have the ability to understanding the culture and organization, adaptability, ability to build relationships, systems, and multi-perspective thinking ability, attitude, sensitivity, language skills, cultural influence in decision-making, diplomatic capability and cross-cultural competence 3. These c

39、apabilities and the success of international trade is inextricably linked. However, these capabilities need to be honed in the business environment, practical experience and a lot of in-service training plays a big role. So for serving officers, it should strengthen the training of the relevant capa

40、city; for business professionals in higher education, it should strengthen awareness of intercultural business communication training, while schools should provide courses and practical opportunities.For example: American businessman attention to the pre-negotiation preparation, negotiation and purp

41、oseful intent; business negotiation, used to negotiate his own way, first create a strong position, with the ability to grasp the global negotiations and strong sense of superiority, frank sincere, straight to the point, direct contact with the substance, is willing to adhere to mutually beneficial

42、win-win negotiations. In the negotiations, love makes for Fang Xianliang card, used to discuss one by one, try to shorten the negotiation time, but also a lack of patience. American businessmen like the overall balance, love package deal, often only to compromise in the negotiations stalled. Therefo

43、re, the Chinese side in the negotiations, should not be intimidated by the offensive, you can use to distinguish between the small-Dahua the scheme, and seeking benefits from the fine, according to the part to adhere to the principles of its overall negotiations. Tactic in the negotiations, we shoul

44、d try to use the usual American businessman, spear or shield against its shield or spear. Full use of American businessman frank, enthusiastic feature, create a good climate for negotiations to negotiate the appropriate manner to create the chances of success3. Focus on the strategic development of

45、cultural integration. A multinational cross-border investment business, they often need to integrate the three cultures: the culture of their country, the target market countries, culture, corporate culture. Only focus on cultural integration in order to adapt to the market depth, thus expanding the

46、 market. KFC early launch of the Mexican chicken roll in the product into the market soon after, KFC has introduced a blend of Chinese culture, old Beijing chicken roll, added the product of traditional Chinese fermented flour paste , onion and other ingredients, so impressive sales. Similarly, Chin

47、as investment in Motorolas strategy emphasizes the development of management localization, localization of accessory products. Also strongly support Chinas public welfare undertakings, and thus be successful in the Chinese market.4. To strengthen cultural exchange and display. The multi-level forms

48、of cultural exchange and exhibition, is an effective way to understand cultural differences. It is not only conducive to cultural exchange between countries and regions, as well as force to promote economic and trade cooperation has been successfully held the China-France Culture Year is a display o

49、f culture, communication and cultural platform. In 2006 Chinas foreign exchange content and form of innovation, Meet in Beijing gathering, the Shanghai International Arts Festival, Wuhan International Acrobatics Art Festival and other projects have a brand and attract more and more universal guests.

50、 Following the Sino-French Culture Year after each other, China and Russia of Country Year once again set off a wave of cultural exchanges between the two countries. In France, Germany, Mauritius and other Chinese Cultural Center is proceeding smoothly, a cultural highlight.5. Attention in the inter

51、national trade in cultural change. Any culture is a pool of stagnant water, changing with the times, culture is also constantly evolving, constantly changing. Chinese tea culture has a long history, however, were relatively out in the cold coffee culture. However, since the reform and opening up, in the past been considered petty bourgeoisie taste coffee culture began inroads into China, the coffee bar sprung up in the streets, coffee has also entered into peoples daily life. Therefore, international trade, trade policy must c