总论：翻译简史和性质2

1、段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Brief Introduction to Translation I. Brief history of translation in China II. The nature of translation III. Translators qualificationsSession 2段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Brief history of translation in China Four important periods of translation in China 1. East Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty 2. Ming Dynas

2、ty Qing Dynasty 3. May 4th Movement the 1950s 4. the 1980s -段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Major Works Translated for each period 1st period: Sanskrit Buddhist Scripture 2nd period: Science & technology; social sciences and literature 3rd period: Literature; social sciences 4th period: Social sciences; Literature

3、段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Major Translators for each period 1st period: 1st translators:安世高， 支谦，道安; Four outstanding translators: Indian scholars: 鸠摩罗什(Kumarajiva)，真谛(Paramartha); 玄奘，义净/不空. 2nd period:徐光启,利玛窦； 严复， 林纾， 梁启超，苏曼殊，伍光键 3rd period:鲁迅， 郭沫若，茅盾，张谷若，朱生豪，傅东华，钱钟书, 懂秋斯，傅雷 4th period:杨宪益，戴乃迭，许渊冲，张培基等 段自力嘉兴学院外国语

4、学院Specific works translated: examples 2nd period: 徐光启: 几何原本；严复: 天演论(Evolution and Ethics) ; 林纾: 巴黎茶花女遗事(La Dame aux Camelia by Alexander Dumas fils.) Lin Shu (translated 156/185 literary works). 3rd period:张谷若: 还乡(The Return of the Natives),苔丝Tess of the Durbervilles 朱生豪: 31 Plays by Shakespeare 傅东华

5、: Gone with the Wind 傅雷: 高老头 ,追忆逝水年华(A La Cherche du Temps Perdu) 4th period: many foreign literary works into Chinese. Chinese literary works into English. 杨宪益，戴乃迭，Chinese classics translation e.g. A Dream of Red Mansion, 许渊冲, Chinese poetry translation. 张培基, modern Chinese prose translation. 段自力嘉兴

6、学院外国语学院Features of translation in each period(1) 1st period: Translation method: Literal translation is advocated and preferred. Translation theory: 支谦在法句经序中提出“因循本旨，不加文饰” 。 道安：案本而传(convey as the original says)； 提出“五失本，三不易”five deviations from the original; three difficulties) 玄奘: 五不翻(transliteration

7、 in five cases) 彦琮: 八备( eight conditions for translators) 2nd period: many foreign literary works were translated into classic Chinese. Rewriting characterizes the translations. 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Features of translation in each period(2) 3rd period: Most translators tend to translate liberally. Lu Xun put

8、 forward the standard of faithfulness rather than smoothness. Zhu Shenghao argues that the translator should keep the flavor and spirit of the original. Fu Lei puts forth the standard of shengshi. Qian Zhongshu puts forth huajing 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Features of translation in each period(3) Many translation

9、 theorists such as Nida, Catford, Peter Newmark have become familiar to Chinese scholars and other readers. Many schools of translation theory have been introduced to China. 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院I. The nature of translationTwo statements about the nature of translation: 1.Translation is a cross-lingual , cro

10、ss-cultural and communicative activity 1).cross-lingual: between two different languages. 2).cross-cultural: A language is the carrier and expression of the culture. 金鸡电影节金鸡电影节; 玉皇大帝玉皇大帝; God; Satan; afterlife He is as stubborn as a mule.Two examples about culture in literary translation 3). Communi

11、cative activitySource text writer-translator- target reader2.Translation is a science, an art, and a craft.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Two examples about culture in literary translation 1. “一肚皮的酒，几乎全化成酸醋” (-围城) “The wine in Hsin-meis stomach turned to sour vinegar in his jealousy.” (Fortress Besieged ) C.f. His hea

12、vy consumption of alcohol burning through his veins inflamed him with jealousy. He was filled with jealousy fuelled by drinking a large dose of alcohol. He experienced such a burning sensation of jealousy after consuming too much alcohol.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院 2. 围城中孙柔嘉嫌丈夫方鸿渐不知好歹，竟然对她姑姑给找的工作不感兴趣，怒斥他道：“你不要饭碗，饭

13、碗不会发霉”译文如下： If you dont want the rice bowl, it wont get moldy. C.f. If you can manage without bread and butter, who cares? If you want to quarrel with your bread and butter, I wont stop you. If you refuse to earn your bread and butter, its your damn problem. If you dont earn want bread and butter, t

14、hey wont become stale. If you dont care about a meal ticket, plenty of others will. If you throw away a meal ticket, someone else will pick it up.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院translation is an art:some examples He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. 他留下一封短信， 对我表示欢迎，那信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Tran

15、slation is a craft: examples University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院one definition of translation Translation is a cross-lingual and cross-cultural communicative activity. It reproduces the message of the source tex

16、t into the message of the target text to make the target reader understand what the source text is about. 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Passage Example for Translation is an art and a craft Tips for comprehension: This passage is an essay. The difficulty of its translation does not lie in its comprehension but in its

17、 expressing in Chinese. The translation should be readable like a Chinese essay.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food for Thought There are moments in life when you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them from your dreams and hug them for real! When the door of happiness closes, another opens, but often tim

18、es we look so long at the closed door that we dont see the one which has been opened for us. Dont go for looks; they can deceive. Dont go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you smile because it takes only a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your he

19、art smile.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food for Thought 生命中有多少这样的时刻，我们对一个人朝思暮想，只想一把把她从梦中拉出来，拥她人怀! 一扇通往幸福的门关闭了，另一扇通往幸福的门会打开。可有多少次啊，我们徘徊在那扇关闭的门前，却忽略了那扇早已为我们开启的新的幸福之门。 不要以貌取人，花容月貌也许会欺骗你;不要追逐钱财，钱财会消蚀枯竭;去寻找那个让你笑口常开的人吧，一个微笑就可以使郁闷的日子云开雾散，风和日丽;去追寻那个令你心灵愉悦的人吧。段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food for Thought Dream what you want to dream; go wher

20、e you want to go; be what you want to be, because you have only one life and one chance to do all the things you want to do. May you have enough happiness to make you sweet, enough trials to make you strong, enough sorrow to keep you human, enough hope to make you happy. The happiest people don t ne

21、cessarily have the best of everything; they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food for Thought 做你想做的梦，去你想去的地方，走你想走的路，因为在这单程的生命旅途中，我们仅有一次机会来做我们想做的事情。 愿你与幸福永伴，亲切可爱;愿你历经磨难，坚韧不拔;愿你痛彻心肺，懂得同情;愿你满怀希望，天天快乐。 世界上最幸福的人并不一定要拥有一切最好的东西，他们只是最充分利用、珍惜了他们生命中的一切段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food fo

22、r Thought Love begins with a smile, grows with a kiss and ends with a tear. The brightest future will always be based on a forgotten past, you can t go on well in life until you let go of your past failures and heartaches. When you were born, you were crying and everyone around you was smiling. Live

23、 your life so that when you die, you re the one who is smiling and everyone around you is crying. 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院Food for Thought 爱始于微笑，育于亲吻，凋于流泪。 我们最亮丽的未来扎根于我们对过去的遗忘，只有对曾经的失败与挫折不再耿耿于怀，生命才会变得更加美好。 当你呱呱落地，啼哭不已时，周围的人却笑逐颜开;要认真地生活，只有这样，当你走到生命尽头时，你才会含笑而眠而周围的人却会痛哭不已。 段自力嘉兴学院外国语学院 Translation is a craft: exam

24、ple The Beauty of Britain （1）I suspect that we are always, faintly conscious of the fact that this is a smallish island, with the sea always round the corner. （2）We know that everything has to be neatly packed into a small space. （3）Nature, we feel, has carefully adjusted things-mountains, plains, rivers, lakes-to the scale of the island itself. （4）A mountain 12,000 feet high would be a horrible monst