m4u2学案5语法

1、2013-2014学年度高一第二学期-导学案编写于2014.4江苏省灌南高中高一第二学期英语教学案（54）内容：M4 U2 Grammar 课时：5主备人：郭佳莹 刘佳艳 流水号 201404054学习要求： Modal verbs: general introduction, comparisons and relative practice知识梳理:A.特征|情态动词有一定词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，须和不带to的动词不特征定式（ought等除外）一起构成合成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词表示可能，能力，允诺，命令，愿望，敢于等情态。B.基本形式和否定词not连用时的简略形

2、式原形否定形 式过去式否定形式例句cancan'tcouldcouldn'tHe can't ski./ I couldn't speak English fluently then.maymightmustmust ( had to)mustn'tYou mustn't think only of yourselves.ought tooughtn'tought tooughtn'tThere oughtn't to be much noise in a library.willwon'twouldwouldn&

3、#39;tI won't do so.我/、愿这样做。He wouldn't go to bed before he finished his work.shallshan'tshouldshouldn'tWe shouldn't be so careless.needneedn'tneededYou needn't go there alone.daredaren'tdaredShe daren't swim in a river.C.情态动词的用法can /could 的用法:用法 例句1. My daughter c

4、an speak two languages quite well: France and English.表示能力我女儿能流利地讲两种语言：法文和英文。2. Because he was tired, he couldn't swim across the river.因为累了，他不能游过河。1. If we don't have a guide, we can lose our way in the forest表示可能性(推测)假如没有向导，我们有可能在森林里迷路。2. We have just bought 50kg of rice. We can 't be

5、in short of food.我们刚买了 50公斤大米，我们不可能缺粮。1. Can you lend me your bike? 你能将自行车借给我吗?表示请求，命令，惊讶等2. You can bring the calculator tomorrow. 明天你们要带计算命来。3. How can he be so rude? 他怎能这样无礼 ？Could用于疑问句申表示 请求，语气比较委婉，但 肯定回答时要用 can,而 不用could.-Could you lend me your book? 把你的书借给我好吗？-Certainly, I can.当然可以。2. Could yo

6、u let me have your pass? 看看你的通行证好吗？can 与 be able tocan和be able to者B可以表示能力，但它们的过去式仕思义上有点差 另L could表示某人过去有某种能力，不明确表示某人干了某事，而 was/were able to 则表不过去某人侣能力并实际上干J某事。另外， be able to用更多的时态形式。如：I was able to (managed to) finish my homework in an hour.我终于在1小时内做完家庭作业了。2. Chuck has been able to realize that frie

7、ndship is about feelings and we must give as much as we take.查克能够明白这样的道理：友谊就是感情，我们既要得到关爱，又须给与别人同样多的关爱。may/might 的用法：用法例句表小允许和诏求might在语气上更委婉1. You may use my camera.你可以用我的摄像机。2. May /Might I come in?我可以进来吗？表示可能性(may比might可能性人)1. She may not be free today.今天她可能没后至。2. He might come to see you this even

8、ing.今晚他可能来看你。用在由so that或 in order that引导目的状语从句中1. She saved her money in order that she might buy a watch.为了买块手表，她节省钱。2. I am saving my money so that I may go to Australia next winter. 我正在攒钱，以便明年冬天到澳大利亚去。表小祝愿1. May you have a good time.2. May you succeed.表小让步Try as he may, he cannot find her.表7K建议(和

9、 as well连 用)译为“不妨，倒不如”1. We may as well stay where we are.2. You may as well consult a dictionary.must的用法：用法例句表示必须，必要，mustn ' t (munot) 表示禁止，不准1. You must come to school early enough for the morning class.你必须早晨到校上早读课。2. You mustn ' t talk to your father like that你不能那样对你父亲讲话。表示肯定推测，The old ma

10、n must be our history teacher.“一定” “准是”那位老夫子肯定是我们的历史老师。后力口 have done 表示对过去的推测Mike speaks Chinese very well. He must have studied Chinese before.迈克的汉语很棒，他以前肯定学过汉语的后加 be doing 表示对现在进行事物的推测She must be waiting for us.她一等着我们。表示推测时否定 和疑问须用can1. The door is locked; she cannot be at home. 门锁了，她一定不在豕。2. Can

11、the news be true?这消息可能是真的吗？Must 与 have tomust和have to都可以表tk必须，但must强调说话人的主观看法， 而have to强调客观需要。另外，have to有多种时念形式。如：1. We must learn at least a foreign language well.2. Mother was ill, so I had to look after her at home.母系病了,我得在豕照顾她。will/would 的用法：用法例句用干各种人称，表 小息愿或决心1. I will do anything my country as

12、ks me to do.我决心做祖国需要我做的任何 事。2. Xiao Hong said that she would help me with my maths.小红说愿总帮我学数学。用于第二人称的 疑问句，表示征求 对方的意见或向 对方提出请求。Would比will更委 婉客气些1. Will you give this note to Tom as soon as he comes back?汤虬-回来，你把便条给他，好吗？2. Would you mind explaining it again?请你能再解释一遍好吗？will表示现在的某 种倾向或习惯。Would表示过去 习惯发生的

13、动作1. Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼就会死。2. They will have a party every Saturday evening.他J总在周六晚上举行晚 会。3. He would go for a walk every evening when he stayed at the hotel.当他位住在旅馆的那段时间，他有每天傍晚散步的习惯。Would like“愿意，要”1. I would like to hear your opinions. 我愿意听听你的意见。2. Would you like to have a chat with

14、 me?你愿小愿思和我起聊天？Would rather “宁愿，较喜欢”1. He would rather have tea.他较喜欢茶。2. I would rather not go to the concert.我愿小去参加首乐会。Would 与 used towould和used to都表示过去的习惯，但 used to表示这种习惯现在已停 止，used to后面可用状态动词或动作动词，而 would后只能用动作动词。1. I used to smoke heavily, but I don'我anymore很重，但现在/、抽了。2. He would go to see h

15、is grandfather on Sunday when he was in middle school.他中学时星期天常去看望祖父。3. Ben used to be a heavy smoke. Ben 曾经卞席烟枪。Shall/should 的用法：用法例句Shall用于二、三人称 后，表示说话者的意 图、许诺、警告、命 令、威胁等1. You shall not leave your post.你不得离开回位。（命令）2. You shall see her again before long. 不久你就会见到她。（允诺）Shall用于第三人称后 （在条约、规章、法 令等文件中表示义

16、务 或规定）The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st.新章程自6月1日起施行。Shall在第一、第三人 称的问句中表示征求 对方意见Shall I close the door?要不要我把门关上？Let s go to the cinema, shall we? 我们去看电影好吗？Should （表7K义务责任）Should have done“本该做而未作”含责备之意1. You shouldn't be so careless.你小应该这样粗心大忌。2. He should have told me the news earl

17、ier.他本来应该早些告诉我这消息。Should （用于虚拟语气中）“万一”1. If he should fail to come, ask Jack to work in his place.万一他小来，就叫杰克代替他工作。2. Should it rain tomorrow （ 或 If it should rain tomorrow）, the meeting would be postponed. 万一明天卜雨，会议就延期。Should （表tn可能性、 按照常规的推测）1. He should have arrived in Beijing by this time.他这时该至 U

18、北。2. The report is written after careful investigation, so it should be reliable.这份报告是经过周密调查与成的，所以该是可靠的。should （表不惊讶等语气）“竟然会”It is astonishing that we should find violence here.我们这儿竟然有暴力行为，真令人震惊。Should （用于表示建 议、命令、决定等的 从句中）应该，必须1. He suggested that we should make better use of the school library. 他建

19、议我们应该更好地使用学校图书馆。2. The young doctor proposed that he should try the experiment on himself. 青年医生建议在他自己身上做实验。ought to的用法用法例句表小义务、贝任时ought to 比 should1. You ought to be attentive at class.你在课上应当思想集中。2. He oughtn ' t to be so careless in his work.的语气更强他在工作中小应该如比粗心大意。后力口 have done 表tk过去该做而未做1. I ough

20、t to have washed my clothes last night. 我昨晚就应当洗衣服。2. You oughtn 1 to have wasted so much time. 你不该浪费这么多时间。Need/dare 的用法：用法例句need作情态动词 常用于否定句或 疑问句中，做实义 动词/、受限制1. -Need I go with you to the market? （，f#）需要和你一起到超巾去吗？ -No, you neednt. I gellam ayamyself. 不必了，我自己能设法去。2. Tom doesn ' t need to come to

21、the meing tomorrow.（实） 汤姆不必明天来参加会议。need 后力口 have done用在否te句 中，表小做了本来 不必做的Your elder brother need not have come last night.你哥哥昨天晚上本来无需来的。need not have come 来了,但实际不必来dare作情态动词 常用于否定句或 疑问句中，做实义 动词/、受限制1. The girl dare not go out at night.（情）这女孩晚上不敢出门。2. Dare you climb such a steep cliff?（情）你敢攀登如此陡峭的山隹吗

22、？3. He doesn;t dare to cross the river.（实）他不敢过河。情态动词+ have done用法例句表推测时：may/might have done （语气不肯定）过去可能can t/couldn t have done （语气 肯定）过去/、可能must have done （语气肯定）过去 ,/E1. -I didn't see Mary at the meeting yesterday.-She might have been ill, I guess.2. The streets are all dry. It couldn't hav

23、e rained during thenight.3. The streets are all wet, it must have rained during the night.表责备时：may/might have done 过去本可能做而未做can/could have done 过去本能做而未做should have done 过去本该做而未做ought to have done 过去本应该做而未做needn't have done 过去本不必做却做了1. He might have given you more help, even though he was very bu

24、sy.2. -Did you listen to the speech?-No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way.3. The plan is dead. Maybe I should have given more water.4. Your brother s failed in English again. You ought to have given him more help.5. -Mr. Smith didn't come last night, did he?-No.

25、We needn't have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.导学检测：52013-2014学年度高一第二学期-导学案编写于2014.4 一、单项选择1. You didn ' t go to the party yesterday, or I you.A. would see B. could see C. might have seen D. might see2. He at the meeting this morning. He was in hospital then.A. can ' t have spo

26、ken B. mustn ' have spoken C. shouldn ' have spoken D. needn ' Have spoken3. He must be in the classroom,he?A. can 't B.mustn ' t he C. isn' t D. needn ' t4. You have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.A. couldn' tB. needn ' t C. wouldn 't D.mu

27、stn ' t5. My little son out alone at night.A. dares not go B. dares not to go C. dare not to go D. doesn ' t dare to go6. At last he finish the work ahead of time.A. couldB. was able to C. could be able to D. can be able to7. There must be some soldiers hidden in the forest.any behind the ch

28、urch?A. Must there be B. Should there be C. May there be D. Can there be8. If anybody to see me, say that I shall be back soon.A. would be come B. comes C. came D. should come9. Could I have a word with you? Yes,.A. you can B. you could C. you must D. you should10. I told him how to get here, but pe

29、rhaps I for him.A. had to draw a map B. should have drawn a map C. ought to draw a map D. must have drawn a map11. She is late. What have happened to her?A. shouldB. mustC. can D. would12. We were waiting for you this time yesterday. Sorry, I you to te ll you that I couldn ' t come.A. must have

30、called B. would have been calling C. could have been calling D. should have called13. You swim even faster than he if you practice more.A. mustB. canC. ought to D. have to14. I wonder why it so dars. There be a heavy rain coming.A. shall B. must C. shouldD. will15. They not to make so much noise in

31、the classroom.A. need B. dare C. can D. ought16. You return the bike right now. You can keep it until he wants to use it.A. mustn ' t B. may notC. can ' t D. needn ' t17. It ' s fine and sunny outside. we go out for a walk?62013-2014学年度高一第二学期-导学案编写于2014.4A. MustB. Will C. WouldD. Sha

32、ll18. The meeting has already begun. You 10 minutes ago.A. should come B. ought to comeC. must have comeD. ought to have come19. Little Franz wasted a lot of time playing when he.A. should study B. must study C. should have studied D. must have studied20. If your group leader is not right, you him.A

33、. mustn ' t obey B. don ' t have to obeyC. wouldn ' t have obeyed）. can ' t have obeyed二、动词填空（用适当的情态动词填空）1. A: There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.8: It have been a comfortable journey.2. A: Jack, you play with fire. You hurt yourself.B: OK, mum.3. A: Will you stay for dinner?B: Sorry, I. My mother is waiting for me at home.4. A: My new pencil-box