商务英语专业四级考试术语解释x

1、商务英语专业四级考试术语解释1. globalcompany:跨国公司-acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities-Amultinationalcorporationormultinationalenterpriseisanorganization,thatownedorcontrolsproductionsofgoodsorservicesinoneormorecountriesotherthanthehomecountry.（维基百科）2. jointventure:合资企业-apartnershipthatisformedbyt

2、woormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.-abusinessorprojectinwhichtwoormorecompaniesorindividualshaveinvested,withtheintentionofworkingtogether.（柯林斯词典）3. merger&acquisition:并购-combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.-transactionsinwhichtheowne

3、rshipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizationsortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.4. distributionchannel:分销渠道；销售渠道-alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.5. listedcompany:上市公司-acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.-Apubl

4、iccompany,publiclytradedcompany,publiclyheldcompany,publiclylistedcompany,orpubliccorporationisacorporationwhoseownershipisdispersedamongthegeneralpublicinmanysharesofstockwhicharefreelytradedonastockexchangeorinoverthecountermarkets外交易市场.（维基百科）6. Industrialcomplex:工业生产基地-amanufacturingareathatconsi

5、stsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.7. brandrecognition:品牌认知（度）；品牌识别-aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.8. specialtyshop:专卖店-anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.9. householdname家喻户晓的名字-abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknownto

6、allorverypopularinaplace.10. loss-maker:亏损企业-abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.11. homecountry:祖国，母国-thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporationsHQsisbased.12. quota:配额，定额，限额-arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.13. marketeconomy:市场经济-aneconomyinwhichthemarketisused

7、todetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.14. neweconomy:新经济-adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.-aneconomicsystemthatisbasedoncomputersandmoderntechnology,andisthereforedependentoneducatedworkers.（朗文词典）15. la

8、borforce:劳动力-allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.16. bubbleeconomy:-aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransient短暂的operation.17. venturecapital:风险资本-fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.-Vent

9、urecapitaliscapitalthatisinvestedinprojectsthathaveahighriskoffailure,butthatwillbringlargeprofitsiftheyaresuccessful.（柯林斯词典）18. bizcycle:商业周期-Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages-boom繁荣,recession衰退，depression萧条，recovery复苏.19. stockmarket:股票交易；证券市场，股票市场- -astockexchangethatdealsinsto

10、cksandshares.- -thebusinessofbuyingandsellingstocksandshares.- -aplacewherestocksandsharesareboughtandsold.（朗文词典）20. productlifecycle:产品生命周期-atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction投入期,growth成长期,maturity饱和期anddecline衰退期.21. Seedmoney=seedcapit

11、a启动资金-theinitialequitycapital股本usedtostartanewventureorbiz.-themoneyyouhaveavailabletostartanewbusiness.（朗文词典）22. liquidity流动资产-availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.-Infinance,acompany'sliquidityistheamountofcashorliquidassetsithaseasilyavailable.资产折现力23. exchangerate汇率-theamountofonecur

12、rencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.-thevalueofthemoneyofonecountrycomparedtothemoneyofanothercountry。24. multinationalcompany跨国公司-averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.25. moneymarket货币市场，金融市场- -theinstitutions

13、andpracticesthroughwhichshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.- -Acountry'smoneymarketconsistsofallthebanksandotherorganizationsthatdealwithshort-termloans,capital,andforeignexchange.（柯林斯词典）- -allthebanksandotherinstitutionsthatbuy,sell,lend,orborrowmoney,especiallyforeignmoney,

14、forprofit.（朗文词典）26. collateral担保物，抵押品-propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecuhty抵押品foraloanorotherobligation.被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产-propertyorothergoodsthatyoupromisetogivesomeoneifyoucannotpaybackthemoneytheylendyou.（朗文词典）27. Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage道琼斯工业平均指数-anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkS

15、tockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.28. Bluechip蓝筹股，优质股票-astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.29. Nasdaq:纳斯达克-nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会-TheNasdaqStockMarketisanAmericanstockexchange.Itisthese

16、cond-largestexchangeintheworldbymarketcapitalization,behindonlytheNewYorkStockExchange纽约证券交易所locatedinthesamecity.（维基百科）30. （insurance）policy保险单-theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany31. publicrelations公共关系，公关-PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrel

17、ationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.32. depression:萧条，不景气-aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。33. Tradedeficit贸易赤字-importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.34. S

18、peculation投机-engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofit35. Valueaddedtax增值税-anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincremental增值的increasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的

19、整个生产过程中的增加值。36. Fairtrade公平贸易-tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreement37. Subsidy补贴-apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.-financialbenefitdirectorindirectfromgovernmenttoproducersorexporters.38. Rebate减税，折扣-adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanam

20、ountgiveninpayment.39. taxexemption免税-thefreedomforhavingtopaytax40. FDI外国直接投资-thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise.Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.41. freetrade自由贸易-tradebetweenn

21、ationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.42. tariff关税-dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovernmentonimportedorexportedgoods.43. globalization全球化-theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.44. anti-dumpingduty反倾销税-tariffleviedondumpedimports.45.

22、tradebarrier贸易壁垒-anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification.46. importsubstitution进口替代-astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.47. arbitration仲裁-thepro

23、cessbywhichthepartiestoadisputesubmittheirdifferencestothejudgmentofanimpartialpersonoragroupappointedbymutualconsentorstatutoryprovision（指定条款）48. balancesheet资产负债表，缩写B.S.-afinancialstatementthatreportstheassetsandequitiesofacompanyataparticulartime.一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。49. return收益-aprofit

24、oryield,asfromlabororinvestment.50. cashflow现金流-Thecashreceiptsornetincomefromoneormoreassetsforagivenperiod,reckonedaftertaxesandotherdisbursements,andoftenusedasameasureofcorporateworth.现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值51. labor-intensive劳动密集型-requiringorhavingalargeexpen

25、ditureoflaborincomparisontocapital52. netearnings净收益，净盈禾-thenetprofitafterallcostsandexpenseshavebeendeducted.53. productivity生产力-therateatwhichgoodsorservicesareproduced,especiallyoutputperunitoflabor.54. marketshare市场份额-theproportionoftotalsalesvolumesofacertainmarketthatacompanycaptures.55. workf

26、orce劳动力,工人总数:thegroupofpeoplewhoworkinanindustry,company,country.56. incomedisparity:inequalityinincomedistribution.57. equity资产，股本:commonstock普通股andpreferredstock优先股whichrepresentownershiptoabizorganization58. outsource外协生产:tofarmout包出(work,forexample)toanoutsideproviderormanufacturerinordertocutco

27、st.夕卜界供应：为缩减开支而把(如工作)包给外界的供应者或生产者59. leadtime订货至交货的时间-theperiodoftimebetweentheactualorderingofpartsorequipmentandthedeliveryofthem.60. acquisition收购-whenacompanytakesoveranotheroneandclearlybecomesthenewowner,thepurchaseiscalledanacquisition,alsocalledtakeoverorbuyout.61. initialpublicoffering(IPO)

28、首次公开发行-privatecompanysfirstofferofitsstocktothepublic62. merger合并-theunionorcombinationoftwoormorecommercialinterestsorcorporations.63. liquiditysqueeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张-financialpressurecausedbyshortagesofnarrowingeconomicmargins.-areductioninthegeneralavailabilityofloans（orcredit）orasuddentighteningoftheconditionsrequiredtoobtainaloanfromthebanks.（维基百科）64. reversemerger借壳上市）-itisaspecialkindofacquisitionthatenablesaprivatecompanytogetpublicly-liste