高考英语阅读长难句的分类与解析

1、整理ppt高考英语阅读长难句的高考英语阅读长难句的分类与解析分类与解析整理ppt 高考英语阅读文章中往往会有一些长难句，这些长难句常常是考题所要考查的对象，也是考生理解文章的一大障碍。针对长难句，要学会利用语法知识中的句法知识来理解，先判断句子的主干部分，而对于句子的修饰、补充成分，可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再来理解修饰、补充成分。同时，句子中的标点符号也是一个很重要的判断依据，要充分利用标点符合，帮助我们判断句子的主干和修饰成分。根据长难句的结构，我们可以把长难句分为：环环相扣式、并列式、插入语式和改变语序式。整理ppt一、环环相扣式一、环环相扣式这类句子往往有多重句子修饰成

2、分，这这类句子往往有多重句子修饰成分，这些修饰成分往往用非谓语动词或从句充当。些修饰成分往往用非谓语动词或从句充当。在阅读过程中，对于这类句式应当先找到句在阅读过程中，对于这类句式应当先找到句子的主干，然后再看修饰成分。子的主干，然后再看修饰成分。二、并列式二、并列式有时候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，有时候，一个句子会包含多个并列成分，如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语等，这些如并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语等，这些并列结构往往有连词连接。在解读这类句式并列结构往往有连词连接。在解读这类句式时，要注意利用连词和标点符号来判断并列时，要注意利用连词和标点符号来判断并列部分。部分。 整理ppt三、插入

3、语式三、插入语式有些句子在中间会用逗号或破折号分开，有些句子在中间会用逗号或破折号分开，而处于逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为而处于逗号或破折号之间的内容通常被称为插入语。阅读时，要先将插入语部分跳过，插入语。阅读时，要先将插入语部分跳过，先读主句，然后再读插入语部分。先读主句，然后再读插入语部分。 四、改变语序式四、改变语序式有时候，有些句子会使用改变语序的手有时候，有些句子会使用改变语序的手段，主要以强调结构和倒装来使句子复杂化。段，主要以强调结构和倒装来使句子复杂化。正确掌握强调句型和倒装语法是理解这类句正确掌握强调句型和倒装语法是理解这类句型的关键。型的关键。 整理ppt1.Their

4、 study found that theobromine1.Their study found that theobromine，found in found in cocoacocoa，was nearly a third more effective in was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeinestopping coughs than codeine，which was which was considered the best cough medicine at present. conside

5、red the best cough medicine at present. The Imperial College London researchers who The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatmentcould lead to more effective

6、 cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害有害的的) it can have a major effect on the quality of ) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” this discovery could be a huge step life and” this discovery could be a huge step forwar

7、d in treating this problemforward in treating this problem，” said said Professor Peter Barnes.53.According to Professor Professor Peter Barnes.53.According to Professor BarnesBarnes，theobromine_. theobromine_. .cannot be as .cannot be as effective as codeine effective as codeine can be harmful to ca

8、n be harmful to peoples healthpeoples health.cannot be separated from chocolate.cannot be separated from chocolatecan be a more effective cure for coughscan be a more effective cure for coughsD.D.D D整理pptTheir study found Their study found that that theobrominetheobromine，found in cocoafound in coco

9、a，waswas nearly a third more nearly a third more effectiveeffective in stopping coughs in stopping coughs than codeinethan codeine，whichwhich was was considered the best cough considered the best cough medicine at present.medicine at present.译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳译文：目前，可卡因是最佳的止咳药物，可是他们的研究发现在可可药物，可是他们的研究发现在

10、可可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可粉中包含的可可碱，其疗效又比可卡因几乎高三分之一。卡因几乎高三分之一。整理pptThe Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment，“while coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life and” t

11、his discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes. 在因特网上公布了他们的研究成果的伦敦皇家大学的研究员们说道：这种发现可能有助于找到更有效的治咳方式。彼得巴恩斯教授说道：“这种发现可能在治咳史上向前迈了一大步”。 整理ppt2.Much of the energy that comes from the Sun never reaches the Earths surface.It is either reflected or absorbed b

12、y the gases in the upper atmosphere.Of the energy that reaches the lower atmosphere，30% is reflected by clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining 70% warms the surface of the planet. 题目:Only a small part of the Suns energy reaches the Earths surface because most of it is_. .absorbed by the clouds i

13、n the lower atmosphere reflected by the gases in the upper atmosphere lost in the upper and lower atmosphere used to evaporate water from the oceans and lakesC C整理pptMuch of the Much of the energyenergy that comes from the that comes from the SunSun never reachesnever reaches the Earths the Earths s

14、urfacesurface. .ItIt isis either either reflectedreflected or or absorbedabsorbed by the gases in the upper by the gases in the upper atmosphere.atmosphere. 来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表来自太阳的大部分能量都不会到达地球的表面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射面，这种能量或者被上层大气中的气体反射或吸收或吸收 整理pptOf the energy Of the energy that reaches the lower that

15、 reaches the lower atmosphereatmosphere，30% is reflected30% is reflected by by clouds or the Earths surface.The clouds or the Earths surface.The remaining remaining 70% warms the surface70% warms the surface of of the planet.the planet. 在到达低层大气的能量中，有在到达低层大气的能量中，有30%30%的能量的能量被云层或地球的表面所反射，剩下的被云层或地球的表面

16、所反射，剩下的70%70%使地球的表面温暖。使地球的表面温暖。 整理ppt3.The response to her request for help was 3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now

17、3001989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids 000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 youth environmental organization.(NMET 2008 山东卷山东卷D D篇篇) )72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.72.Kids F.A.C.E is_.A.a progra

18、m to help students with A.a program to help students with writingwritingB.a project of litter recyclingB.a project of litter recyclingC.a campaign launched by President BushC.a campaign launched by President Bush D.a club of environmental protectionD.a club of environmental protectionD D整理ppt3.The r

19、esponse to her request for help was 3.The response to her request for help was so huge that Poe established Kids For A so huge that Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 3001989.There are now 300，000 members of Kid

20、s 000 members of Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.youth environmental organization.73.What can we learn about Poe?73.What can we learn about Poe?A.She was awarded a prize in Brazil.A.She was awarded a prize in Bra

21、zil.B.She donated billboard across the B.She donated billboard across the country.country. C.She got positive responses for her C.She got positive responses for her effortseffortsD.She joined the National Park Service.D.She joined the National Park Service.C C整理ppt73.The 73.The responseresponse to h

22、er request for to her request for help help waswas so so hugehuge thatthat Poe established Poe established Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids Kids For A Cleaner Environment (Kids F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300F.A.C.E.) in 1989.There are now 300，000 members of Kids FACE worldwide 000 members o

23、f Kids FACE worldwide and is the worlds largest youth and is the worlds largest youth environmental organization.environmental organization.译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强译文：人们对她请求帮助的反应如此强烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的烈以至于波建立了一个为了更洁净环境的孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有孩子的组织。现在这个组织在全世界有300300，000000名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年名成员，并且它是世界上最大的青少年环保组织。环保组织

24、。 整理ppt4.One of the reasons that made it cool 4.One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his for him not to care was the power of his peer(peer(同龄人同龄人) group.(NMET 2008 ) group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷辽宁卷C C篇篇) ) 64.Why did Tom give up studying? 64.Why did Tom give up studying

25、?A.He disliked his teachers.A.He disliked his teachers.B.His parents no longer supported B.His parents no longer supported him.him. C.Its cool for boys of his age not C.Its cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.to care about studies.D.There were too many subjects in his D.There were too

26、 many subjects in his secondary school.secondary school. C C整理ppt4.4.One of the reasonsOne of the reasons that made it that made it cool for him not to carecool for him not to care waswas the the powerpower of his peer( of his peer(同龄人同龄人) ) group.(NMET 2008 group.(NMET 2008 辽宁卷辽宁卷C C篇篇) )译文：对他来说，不关

27、心自己的学译文：对他来说，不关心自己的学习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他习是一种酷的标志的原因之一是受到他的同龄人的影响。的同龄人的影响。 整理ppt5.The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in .The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a peoples lives.Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy acc

28、ess to a coffee pot is not exactly simple.Easy access to a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many peoplepowerlessness in many people，ending in the ending in the shopper giving up and walking awayshopper giving up and wa

29、lking away，or just or just buying an unsuitable item(buying an unsuitable item(商品商品) that is not ) that is not really wanted.(NMET 2008really wanted.(NMET 2008重庆卷重庆卷E E篇篇) )73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to 73.Why do more choices of goods give rise to anxiety? A.Professionals find it hard

30、 to decide anxiety? A.Professionals find it hard to decide on a suitable product. B.People are likely to on a suitable product. B.People are likely to find themselves overcome by business persuasion. find themselves overcome by business persuasion. C.Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad C.

31、Shoppers may find themselves lost in the broad range of items. D.Companies and advertisers are range of items. D.Companies and advertisers are often misleading about the range of choice. often misleading about the range of choice. C C整理ppt5.The endless choice gives birth 5.The endless choice gives b

32、irth to anxiety in peoples to anxiety in peoples lives.lives.Buying somethingBuying something as basic as as basic as a coffee pot a coffee pot is notis not exactly exactly simplesimple. . 译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来译文：无穷尽的选择给人们的生活带来了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本了无尽的烦恼。买像咖啡壶这样最基本的东西也不是那么简单了的东西也不是那么简单了。 整理pptEasy access to

33、 a wide range of everyday goods leads to a sense of powerlessness in many people，ending in the shopper giving up and walking away，or just buying an unsuitable item(商品) that is not really wanted. 对许多人而言，面对触手可及的一系列的日常用品却感到眼花瞭乱、不知所措，结果是购物者只好放弃选择、匆匆而去，或者仅仅买了一件并非真正需要的不合适的商品。整理ppt6.As the only girl in a f

34、amily of seven 6.As the only girl in a family of seven childrenchildren，she often felt like she had she often felt like she had “seven fathers“seven fathers，” because her six because her six brothersbrothers，as well as her fatheras well as her father，tried to tried to control her.Feeling shy and uni

35、mportantcontrol her.Feeling shy and unimportant，she retreated(she retreated(躲避躲避) into books.Despite her ) into books.Despite her love of readinglove of reading，she did not do well in she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy elementary school because she was too shy to partic

36、ipate.(NMET 2008to participate.(NMET 2008天津卷天津卷A A篇篇) )36.Which of the following is TRUE about 36.Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood? A.She had seven Cisneros in her childhood? A.She had seven brothers. B.She felt herself a nobody.brothers. B.She felt herself a nobody.C.S

37、he was too shy to go to school. D.She C.She was too shy to go to school. D.She did not have any good teachers. did not have any good teachers. B B整理pptAs the only girl in a family of As the only girl in a family of seven childrenseven children，she often felt like she often felt like she had “seven f

38、athersshe had “seven fathers，” becausebecause her six brothersher six brothers，as well asas well as her her fatherfather，tried to control her.tried to control her.作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常作为家庭七个孩子中唯一的女孩，她常常有一种感觉，就是她拥有有一种感觉，就是她拥有“七个父亲七个父亲”，原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制原因是她的六个兄弟和她的父亲都想控制她她 整理pptFeeling shy and unimport

39、antFeeling shy and unimportant，she she retreated(retreated(躲避躲避) into books.) into books.DespiteDespite her love of readingher love of reading，she did not she did not do well in elementary school do well in elementary school becausebecause she was she was tootoo shy shy toto participate.participate.

40、 由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故，她总是由于羞怯和觉得无地位的缘故，她总是埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书，可是在小埋头苦读。尽管她酷爱读书，可是在小学她的成绩不佳，因为她太害羞而不能学她的成绩不佳，因为她太害羞而不能积极地参与。积极地参与。 整理ppt7.They may think that eating lunch is the 7.They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness.Orcause of the sleepiness.Or，in summerin summer，they may think it is th

41、e heat.Howeverthey may think it is the heat.However，the the real reason lies inside their bodies.At real reason lies inside their bodies.At that time about eight hours after you that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature goes wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is wha

42、t makes you slow down and down.This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy.feel sleepy.44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early 44.Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?afternoon according to the text?A.They eat too much for lunch.A.They eat too much for lunch.

43、B.They sleep too little at night.B.They sleep too little at night. C.Their body temperature becomes lower.C.Their body temperature becomes lower.D.The weather becomes a lot warmer. D.The weather becomes a lot warmer. C C整理ppt7.They may think 7.They may think thatthat eating lunch eating lunch is the

44、 causeis the cause of the sleepiness.Or of the sleepiness.Or，in summerin summer，they may think it is the they may think it is the heat.Howeverheat.However，the real reason lies the real reason lies inside their bodies.inside their bodies. 他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。他们可能认为吃午饭是他们困乏的原因。或者在夏天，他们可能认为是炎热的缘或者在夏天，他们可

45、能认为是炎热的缘故。然而，真正的原因在于他们身体的故。然而，真正的原因在于他们身体的内部。内部。 整理pptAt that time about eight hours after At that time about eight hours after you wake upyour body temperature you wake upyour body temperature goes down.This is goes down.This is what makeswhat makes you slow you slow down and feel sleepy.down and f

46、eel sleepy.在那时，也就是说，在你醒来大约八个小时在那时，也就是说，在你醒来大约八个小时之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是之后，你的体温开始呈下降的趋势。这就是使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。使你行动迟缓并且感到困乏的原因。 整理ppt8.These brain differences also explain the 8.These brain differences also explain the fact that more men take up jobs that require fact that more men take up jobs that require

47、 good spatial skillsgood spatial skills，while more women speech while more women speech skills.It may all go back to our skills.It may all go back to our ancestors(ancestors(祖先祖先) )，among whom women needed among whom women needed speech skills to take care of their babies speech skills to take care

48、of their babies and men needed spatial skills to huntand men needed spatial skills to hunt，according to one research.according to one research. 题目题目Which of the Which of the following do you agree with according to the following do you agree with according to the fourth paragraph?fourth paragraph?Yo

49、ung boys may be Young boys may be stronger than young girls Bstronger than young girls B More women take More women take up jobs requiring speech skills up jobs requiring speech skills Women may Women may have stronger feelings than men.have stronger feelings than men.Our Our ancestors needed more s

50、patial skills.ancestors needed more spatial skills. B B整理pptThese brain dThese brain differencesifferences also also explain the factexplain the fact thatthat more men take more men take up jobs up jobs thatthat require good spatial require good spatial skillsskills，whilewhile more women speech more

51、 women speech skills.skills. 大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更大脑这些差异也解释了这样的事实：更多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多多的男性从事空间技能的工作，而更多的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。的女性则从事需要语言技能的工作。 整理pptIt may all go back to our It may all go back to our ancestors(ancestors(祖先祖先) )，among whomamong whom women women needed speech skills to take care needed speech skil

52、ls to take care of their babies of their babies andand men needed men needed spatial skills to huntspatial skills to hunt，according according to one research.to one research. 这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，这种现象也可以追溯到我们的祖先时代，据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做据一项研究表明，在他们当中，女性做的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工的是照看孩子这样的需要语言技能的工作，男性做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间作，男性

53、做的是像狩猎这样的需要空间技能的工作。技能的工作。 整理ppt9.In those days9.In those days，IP rights were easily IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying obtain intellectual property without paying for it.Howeverfor it.How

54、ever，a lot of IPa lot of IP，including including songssongs，filmsfilms，books and artworkbooks and artwork，can be can be downloaded today free of charge using the downloaded today free of charge using the Internet.(NMET2008Internet.(NMET2008江西卷江西卷D D篇篇) ) 69.What do we know about the Internet 69.What

55、do we know about the Internet according to the passage?according to the passage? A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.A.It makes IP rights harder to protect.B.It sells songs and films.B.It sells songs and films.C.It does not affect the way we C.It does not affect the way we understand IP rights.un

56、derstand IP rights.D.It prevents the production of artworkD.It prevents the production of artwork. A A整理pptIn those daysIn those days，IP rights were easily IP rights were easily protected protected sincesince it wasit was very very difficult difficult to obtainto obtain intellectual property without

57、 intellectual property without paying for it.Howeverpaying for it.However，a lot of a lot of IPIP，including songsincluding songs，filmsfilms，books and books and artworkartwork，can be downloadedcan be downloaded today free today free of charge using the Internet. of charge using the Internet. 译文：在那个时代，

58、知识产权很容易受译文：在那个时代，知识产权很容易受到保护，因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困到保护，因为不付费想得到知识产权是很困难的。然而，现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、难的。然而，现在许多知识产权包括歌曲、电影、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以电影、书籍和艺术品通过使用因特网都可以免费下载免费下载 整理ppt10.The busier we are10.The busier we are，the more important the more important we seem to ourselves andwe seem to ourselves and，we imaginewe imagin

59、e，to to others.To be unavailable to our friends others.To be unavailable to our friends and familyand family，and to be unable to find and to be unable to find time to relaxthis has become the model time to relaxthis has become the model of a successful life.(NMET 2008of a successful life.(NMET 2008湖

60、北卷湖北卷D D篇篇) ) 74.According to Paragraph 474.According to Paragraph 4，a a successful person is one who is believed successful person is one who is believed to _ .to _ .A.be able to work without stressA.be able to work without stressB.be more talented than other peopleB.be more talented than other peo