高考英语专题复习专题二介词、介词短语和动词短语课件

1、专题二 介词、介词短语和动词短语高考高考英语(课标专用)五年高考考点一介词及介词短语1.(2017北京,35)Many people who live along the coast make a living fishing industry.答案答案in 句意:很多居住在沿海的人都从事捕鱼业谋生。本题考查介词。in表示“从事或影响某种工作”,符合语境。答案答案among句意:当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时,你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。设空处应该用介词表示“在(三者或三者以上)之中”,故用among。2.(2017天津,12)When you drive through the

2、Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old. 答案答案to句意:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置仍然是我们生存的重要技能。本题考查介词短语。in relation to“相对某事物而言”,符合语境,故此处填to。4.(2017江苏,32)Determining where we are in relation our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival. 答案答案In句意:我们向我们的学生提供优质的

3、教育,作为回报,我们希望学生能够努力学习。考查介词短语。in return意为“作为回报,作为报答”。3.(2017天津,13)We offer an excellent education to our students. return, we expect students to work hard. 答案答案in句意: 这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本方法。本句采用定语从句的形式考查介词。 “we grow up ”为定语从句,先行词为the cultures,将先行词代入定语从句后为:We grow up in the cultures.故设空处填介词in。 6.(

4、2016浙江,7)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 答案答案In句意: 那个年轻人诚实且有合作精神,当你需要他帮忙的时候,他总是随叫随到。简言之,他是可以信赖的。in short 简言之。 5.(2016浙江,6)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. short, hes reliable

5、. 答案答案of句意:他们对于他们学生时代的共同记忆是校服。本题考查介词用法。本句包含一个定语从句“they all have their schooldays”,将先行词memory代入定语从句后为:They all have a common memory their schooldays.由此可见设空处表示所属关系,故答案为of。8.(2015福建,22)A common memory they all have their schooldays is the school uniform. 答案答案around句意:他们相信交通的发展就要到来了,这将会带来很多更好的变化。本题考查介词短

6、语。around the corner意为“要到来”。7.(2015安徽,33)They believe that there are transport developments the corner that will bring a lot of changes for the better. 答案答案in句意:这间会议室是无烟区。我想事先提醒你如果在这儿吸烟的话你会被罚款的。考查介词短语。in advance提前,事先。 10.(2015湖北,30)This meeting room is a non-smoking area. I would like to warn you adv

7、ance that if you smoked here you would be fined. 答案答案in句意:人类生活被认为是大自然的一部分,严格说来,我们生存的唯一方式是与大自然和睦相处。in harmony with意为“与协调”。9.(2015福建,32)Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live harmony with nature. 答案答案by句意:那个小学生挽着奶奶的手臂带她过了马路。本题考查介词。take sb.by th

8、e arm“挽着某人的手臂”。12.(2015陕西,12)The little pupil took his grandma the arm and walked her across the street. 答案答案but for句意:要不是因为Thomas Edison,许多现在让我们获益的东西都不会存在。本题考查介词短语。but for要不是。根据句意和该句中的虚拟语气可知答案。 11.(2015江苏,34)Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edi-son. 答案答案in句意:对当地新闻记者

9、常常问起的特定问题,这些评论正好做出了回复。本题考查介词词组。in response to意为“回答,对做出反应”。 14.(2015浙江,17)These comments came response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen. 答案答案By句意:大多数人工作是因为那是不可避免的,相比之下,还有一些人是真的喜欢工作。本题考查介词词组。by contrast意为“相比之下,对比而言”。13.(2015浙江,10)Most people work because its unavoidable. contrast, th

10、ere are some people who actually enjoy work. 答案答案above 句意:去年是有记录以来最温暖的一年,全球气温超过了平均气温0.68摄氏度。考查介词。根据语境可知此处表示“在之上,高于”,所以要用介词above。16.(2015重庆,10)Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 the average. 答案答案to句意:你听说过成为海陆两栖动物的栖息地的树吗?本题考查介词。be home to为固定搭配。15.(2015浙江,3)Have you

11、ever heard of the trees that are home animals both on land and sea? 答案答案Besides句意:除了学校以外,这个村庄还有一个诊所,它也是在政府的支持下建造的。18.(2014天津,6) the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support. 答案答案in句意:简很着急,因为去飞机场的火车半小时后就发车了。“in+一段时间”用于表示将来的句子中,意为:在之后。17.(2014北京,23)Jane is in a hurr

12、y because the train to the airport leaves half an hour. 答案答案of句意:我们的俱乐部对所有人开放,不分年龄、性别和教育背景。regardless of不管,不顾。20.(2014福建,22)Our club is open to everyone regardless age,sex or educational background. 答案答案off句意:她在转弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。off 离开,偏离。19.(2014重庆,7)She drove so fast at the turn that the car alm

13、ost went the road. 答案答案in句意:在村庄停留期间,James无私地和村民分享他所拥有的一切,不要求任何回报。21.(2014浙江,10)While staying in the village,James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the vil-lagers without asking for anything return. 答案答案with 句意:在第五届汉语演讲比赛中,那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with表示“具有”。23.(2014陕西,14)The Scottish girl blue

14、eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 答案答案of句意:面对你的问题而不是逃避它们才是解决问题的最好办法。instead of 而不是。22.(2014浙江,12)Facing up to your problems instead running away from them is the best ap-proach to working things out. 答案答案despite句意:令人难以置信的是,尽管很富有,但Lucas先生过着简朴的生活。despite尽管。24.(2014江西,33)It

15、is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth. 27.(2013北京,26)I have an appointment Dr.Smith,but I need to change it. 答案答案without句意:没有一些数学知识,进行严谨的物理学研究是不可能的。without “没有”。 26.(2013课标,11)A serious study of physics is impossible some knowledge of mathemat-ics. 答案答案against 句意:完成这项工程真

16、的是在与时间赛跑。幸运的是,我们成功了。against 在此处为“与竞争”之意。25.(2013课标,34)It was a real race time to get the project done.Luckily,we made it. 答案答案with句意:我和Smith博士有一个约会,但是我需要改一下。have an appointment with sb.与某人有约会、预约。答案答案In句意:如果你能去商店买来我们晚餐所需要的东西,这将是一个巨大的帮助。同时,我将摆放餐具。in the meanwhile同时。 29.(2013浙江,14)It will be a big help

17、 if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. the meanwhile,Ill set the table. 答案答案for句意:史密斯夫妇因为他们培养孩子的方式而受到了赞扬。根据语境可知,此处表达夫妇二人受赞扬的原因,应该用介词for。28.(2013山东,34)The Smiths are praised the way they bring up their children. 答案答案With句意:我总是很高兴收到你的邮件。关于7月1日的聚会,我将乐意参加。with re-gard to关于。32.(2013江苏,2

18、6)I am always delighted when I receive an e-mail from you. regard to the par-ty on July 1st,I shall be pleased to attend. 答案答案On句意:我代表这儿的每一个人,祝你们的回国旅程愉快。on behalf of为固定词组,意为“代表”。31.(2013辽宁,25) behalf of everyone here,I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. 答案答案in句意:史密斯太太觉得很难把杂乱的东西收拾好,因为无

19、论她什么时候试图整理,她的孩子们总是碍手碍脚。in the way/in sb.s way妨碍。30.(2013福建,29)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess,as her children are always the way whenever she tries to. 答案答案for句意:在你参观一个名胜之前,要在你当地的 图书馆找一本关于这个地方的书(了解一下)。look for寻找。in your local library是状语。35.(2013安徽,22)Before you pay a visit to a place of

20、 interest,look in your local library a book about it. 答案答案in句意:经理想看到公司的变化,我确信他迟早会看到的。in time迟早。34.(2013陕西,24)The manager wants to see changes in the company,and I am sure he will time. 答案答案by句意:一位最近乘坐渡船到这个南部岛屿旅行的艺术家偶然发现了一个丢失已久的希腊古董花瓶。by chance偶然。33.(2013湖北,30)An artist who was recently traveling on

21、a ferry to the southern island discovered chance a long lost antique Greek vase. 答案答案out句意:在非洲医疗队的工作让她作为医生的才能得到了最大限度的发挥。本题考查动词短语。bring out意为“使显现,使表现出”。2.(2017江苏,25)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought the best in her as a doctor. 答案答案down句意:Brown夫妇想看到他们的女儿定居、结婚生子。settle down表示“过安定的生活,

22、定居下来”,符合语境。考点二动词短语考点二动词短语1.(2017天津,5)Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter settle , get married, and have kids.答案答案on句意:我讨厌上班时她给我打电话我总是很忙,没法和她进行谈话。carry on进行(从事)。4.(2016天津,14)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry a conver-sation with her. 答案答案to句意:在讨论的前期玛丽一言不发,

23、但最后她就这个话题发表了意见。give voice to表露心声,表白心迹。3.(2016天津,8)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice her opinion on the subject. 答案答案off句意:当孩子们住得离他们远时,这些老年人就觉得与世界隔绝。cut off使与外界隔绝。6.(2016浙江,12)When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt cut from

24、 the world. 答案答案of句意:我打算利用这次旅行探索那座城堡的历史。take advantage of利用。5.(2016天津,12)Im going to take advantage this tour to explore the history of the castle. 答案答案in句意:毫无疑问这位候选人的优势在于他能用英语和外国人交流。考查动词短语。lie in在于,根据语境可知答案。8.(2015湖北,25)There is no doubt that this candidates advantage lies his ability to communi-ca

25、te with foreigners in English. 答案答案off句意:多亏适宜创业的宽松环境气氛,很多大学生创办的公司都已经取得成功了。take off成功,起飞。7.(2016江苏,30)Many businesses started up by college students have taken thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. 答案答案for句意:这所大学开设了一些新的语言课程来满足该国丝绸之路经济带的需要。本题考查动词短语。cater for满足的需要。10.(2015江苏,27)The u

26、niversity started some new language programs to cater the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt. 答案答案up句意:不要担心。我相信你丢失的眼镜迟早会找到的。考查动词短语。turn up(失去后偶然)被发现。根据语境可知答案。9.(2015湖北,26)Dont worry. Im sure your missing glasses will turn sooner or later. 答案答案up句意:Peter将会在下个月末就职成为该旅行社的主管。本题考查动词词组。take up ones post意为“就

27、职”。12.(2015陕西,25)Peter will take his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. 答案答案on句意:整个队都指望着Cristiano Ronaldo,他很少让他们失望。本题考查动词短语。count on相当于depend on,意为“指望,依赖”。 11.(2015江苏,29)The whole team count Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down. 答案答案to句意:相比于直接事实而言,我们更倾向于记住那些令我

28、们的感官兴奋和对我们的情绪有吸引力的事物。appeal to意为“对有吸引力”。14.(2015浙江,11)We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal our emotions than for straight facts. 答案答案down句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会的邀请。考查动词短语。turn down拒绝,根据语境可知答案。13.(2015天津,10)Tom had to turn the invitation to the party last weeke

29、nd because he was too busy. 答案答案for句意:Caroline虽然没有音乐天赋,但她靠努力学习弥补这个缺陷。make up for 弥补。16.(2014大纲全国,31)Caroline doesnt have a gift for music,but she makes up it with hard work. 答案答案away句意:肢体语言可能会泄露你的很多情绪,所以,抱臂而立有可能传达一种信息你的戒备心很强。本题考查动词短语。give away意为“泄露”。15.(2015浙江,7)Body language can give a lot about yo

30、ur mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. 答案答案from句意:Terry,奶奶和你说话时请不要低头玩手机。look up from从抬起头看。18.(2014安徽,26)Terry,please look up your cell phone when Grandma is talking to you. 答案答案off句意:爸爸,我认为奥利弗不是这份工作的合适人选。我明白。我立刻去给他结账让他走。pay sb.off付清某人工资后将其解雇。17

31、.(2014江苏,30)Dad,I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.I see.Ill go right away and pay him . 答案答案down句意:在你已经失业好几个月的时候,你怎么会拒绝这样一份绝好的工作呢?turn down意为“拒绝”。20.(2014浙江,19)How could you turn such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months? 答案答案up句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们的聚会上时,他受到了大家的

32、热烈欢迎。turn up到场,出现。19.(2014安徽,28)When the sports hero turned at our party,he was welcomed with open arms. 答案答案through句意:整个晚上我一直都在给Charles打电话,但网络一定出现了问题,我似乎不能打通电话。get through通过,完成,接通电话。22.(2014湖北,25)Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening,but there must be something wrong with the network;I cant

33、seem to get . 答案答案to句意:反正大家现在都在这儿,那我们开始做一些重要的工作吧。get down to 开始做。21.(2014江西,27)Anyway,were here now,so lets get down some serious work. 23.(2014湖北,26)Is this your necklace,Mary? I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. 答案答案across句意:这是你的项链吗,Mary?我今天早上打扫浴室的时候偶然发现了它。come across碰到,偶然遇到。单

34、句填空考点一介词及介词短语考点一介词及介词短语1.(2017四川石室中学二诊,66)One day he became very angry the teacher and the other students because they laughed when he said he knew how to do a problem which none of the other students had been able to solve.三年模拟A组 20152017年高考模拟基础题组(时间：12分钟 分值：18分)答案答案with/at句意:一天,他对老师和其他学生非常生气,因为当他说

35、他知道如何解决其他学生不能解决的问题时他们都笑了。本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。be angry with/at sb. 意为“对某人生气/发怒”。答案答案from句意:除了刺激舌头来使你尝到咸味,这种装置也能被用来让你尝到酸味。apart from是固定短语,意为“除了外(还)”。3.(2017广西南宁高三二模,68)Apart stimulating the tongue to make you taste saltiness, this device can also be used to let you taste sourness. 答案答案of句意:缺乏水会导致健康问题,诸如头疼、身

36、体状况欠佳,甚至更严重的问题。a lack of意为“缺乏/缺少”。2.(2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测,47)A lack water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems. 答案答案in/around/across/throughout句意:马来西亚国内已经拥有了16个主题公园和水上公园。in/around/across/throughout the country 意为“在全国”。5.(2017云南昆明一中高三月

37、考四,63) Malaysia already has sixteen theme parks and water parks the country. 答案答案with句意:当我坐在那儿的时候,我看到一个一岁半左右的小男孩。他正在草地上跑,他的妈妈在他后面不远处。考查with的复合结构。 not far behind him作his mother的宾语补足语。4.(2017四川资阳高三4月模拟,66)While I was sitting there, I saw a little boy about one and a half years old. He was running on t

38、he grass, his mother not far behind him. 答案答案in第一句句意:它总是能够从我遇到的人们那里获得同样的微笑作为回报。in return意为“作为回报”。7.(2016辽宁沈阳东北育才学校二模 ,68)Seldom did it fail to get the same smile return from the person I met. I also found that it pleased people when I passed them on the street to give them a cheerful smile. 答案答案for句

39、意:有了互联网,父母不能核对一个发表的指南来决定什么适合他们的孩子看。be suitable for 意为“适合”。6.(2016吉林一中第六次质量检测,70)With the Internet, parents cannot check a published guide to determine what is suitable their children to see. 答案答案with句意:她很耐心地教我们。考查介词短语。with great patience很耐心地。9.(2015广西桂林、防城港第一次联合模考,63)She taught us great patience. 答案

40、答案of句意:然而,我见过的大部分出租车司机都很友好。他们对这个城市非常熟悉并且乐意有所帮助。be of help相当于be helpful。8.(2016重庆适应性考试一,70)However, most taxi drivers I have met are nice. They know the city like the back of their hands, and are glad to be some help. 答案答案out句意:我认为这样的思想过时了。考查介词短语。out of date过时。10.(2015贵州遵义四模,3)I believe such thinking

41、 is of date. 答案答案from句意:据报道,出奇地多的中国市民遭受健康状况不好的痛苦,而且许多人在年轻的时候就去世了。 suffer from 为固定短语,意为“患(某种)病,受(某种病痛)折磨”。2.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检,61)It is reported that a surprisingly high number of citizens in China suffer poor health and many die at an early age. 答案答案on句意:我在就寝时间通常关注一个东西:我的电话。center on为固定短语,意为“以为中心;重点在

42、于”。考点二动词短语考点二动词短语1.(2017四川成都龙泉中学高三四月月考,63)My bedtime routine was usually centered one thing:my phone.答案答案with句意:从单音节开始,进行大量的训练,然后训练双音节。考查固定搭配。start with意为“从开始”。4.(2017宁夏石嘴山高三4月二模,66)Start single syllables(音节) and do that a lot and then syllable pairs. 答案答案on句意:这个词语很可能源于教堂的习俗。考查固定搭配。be based on 意为“根据

43、”。3.(2017广西南宁二中2月月考)The expression is probably based church customs. 答案答案to句意:我向导游求助,但他们不耐烦。本题考查动词短语。turn to sb.(for help)意为“向某人寻求帮助”。6.(2015内蒙古巴彦淖尔一中六模,64)I turned the guides for help,but they were impatient. 答案答案with 句意:最后他们设法给飞机输满二氧化碳,这毒死了所有的这些小动物。fill. with.意为“用装满/注满”。5.(2016重庆南开中学二诊,69)At last

44、they tried to fill the plane carbon dioxide, which poi-soned all of the small creatures. 8.(2015四川绵阳二诊,3)We have to go what weve learned before the final examinations. 答案答案up句意:每当我看着这些照片,它们会勾起我在纽约时幸福的回忆。考查动词短语。call up意为“使回忆起”。 7.(2015四川眉山高级中学一诊,4)Whenever I look at these photos,they will call happy

45、memories of my stay in New York. 答案答案over句意:在期末考试前我们得温习我们已学过的东西。考查动词短语。go over 意为“温习”。1.(2017四川双流中学高三二诊)You can imagine how shy I was with so many eyes fixed to me. 单句改错B组 20152017年高考模拟综合题组(时间：10分钟 分值：16分)答案答案toon句意:你可以想象有那么多眼睛盯着我,我是多么羞涩。fix on为固定短语,意为“把集中在上”。 2.(2017云南昆明高三下学期第二次统测)And from the card

46、, I knew my book turned out of to be a birthday gift for a strange girl. 答案答案去掉ofturn out为固定短语,表示“结果是”,后接(to be +)adj./n.,故去掉介词of。答案答案their前加as 句意:另外,那儿的工人把我们当作朋友,这使我们真的很高兴。treat.as.为固定短语,意为“把看作”。4.(2017四川乐山高三3月一调)Whats more, the workers there treat us their friends, which makes us really happy. 答案答

47、案去掉aboutsolve意为“解决”,是及物动词,后面接宾语时无需加介词,故去掉about。3.(2017四川乐山高三3月一调)I hope something can be done to solve about these problems soon. 5.(2017四川凉山州高中毕业班二检)First, the forests where it lived were cut down to make way with farms and cities. 答案答案withfor句意:首先,为了给农场和城市的发展让路,它生活的森林被砍伐了。make way for为固定短语,意为“给让路”

48、。 答案答案去掉of句意:因此,中国正在不遗余力地保护它。as a result意为“结果,因此”;as a re-sult of意为“由于”,其后需要加上名词或名词词组作宾语。8.(2016甘肃第一次诊断考试)As a result of, China is sparing no effort to protect it. 答案答案offor句意:我感到和你一块学习是我们的荣幸。动词不定式的复合结构中,除在表示人物特征的形容词后常用of外,其他情况用for。7.(2017宁夏石嘴山高三4月二模)I feel it an honor of us to study with you. 答案答案

49、wait后加介词for 句意:我不得不等下一辆公共汽车。突然,天开始下起雨来。wait for为固定短语,意为“等待”。6.(2017贵州凯里一中高考适应性月考五) I had to wait the next bus. Suddenly, it started to rain. 答案答案去掉in句意:在老师的帮助下,我们终于到达了山顶。reach为及物动词,其后直接加宾语。10.(2016四川资阳第一次诊断性考试)With the teachers help, we eventually reached in the moun-tain top. 答案答案lack 后加 of句意:人类肯定会

50、遭受由对居住环境的爱护的这种缺乏而造成的严重的后果。(a) lack of意为“缺乏”, 其中lack是名词,后需要加上of。9.(2016四川凉山州第二次诊断性检测)Man will certainly suffer from the serious consequences caused by this lack care for his living surroundings. 答案答案towith句意:我们和别人相处得很好并成了好朋友。get on well with为固定短语,意为:与相处得好。12.(2016贵州贵阳摸底)We get on well to others and h

51、ave become good friends. 答案答案去掉away句意:我们一点都不知道台上一分钟,台下十年功。take 作及物动词意为“需要时间,费时”。take away意为:解除,拿开,减去。根据句意可知away 是多余的。11.(2016广西柳州高中毕业班1月模拟)We never knew one minute on the stage takes away ten years of practice. 答案答案onto句意:因此为什么不与挨着你的同学谈谈呢?next to意为:紧挨着。14.(2015广西柳州、玉林、贵港、百色联考)So why not speak to the

52、 students youre sitting next on? 答案答案concentrate 后加 on 句意:他错过很多要点,并且他常常要花更多时间来完成作业,这使他难专心于他正在做的事情。concentrate on 意为:专心于,集中注意力在上。13.(2016四川眉山第一次诊断性考试)He misses lots of key points and it usually takes him more time to finish his homework,which makes it difficult for him to concentrate what he is doing

53、. 16.(2015河北石家庄五校联合体摸底)With his help, weve learned from how to settle problems. 答案答案forto句意:此外,花太多时间玩游戏不仅将对他们的学习有不好的影响,而且对健康有害。固定短语do harm to意为:对有害。15.(2015河北邯郸摸底考试)In addition, spending too much time playing games will not only have a bad effect on their studies but also do harm for health. 答案答案去掉f

54、rom句意:在他的帮助下,我们学会了如何解决问题。learn为及物动词,意为:学会。learn from.意为:向学习。C C组组 2015201720152017年高考模拟年高考模拟创新题组创新题组语篇型语法填空Passage 1(用适当的介词或副词填空)In the chemistry lab,because1 the students carelessness,the tube cracked and the liquid in it caused a fire on the table.Fortunately,he put it out2 time at last. In fact,i

55、t is common to have some small accidents caused3 carelessness.I used to enjoy cooking,so I always sought a chance to cook.However,the desire led4 an accident. Once I stayed5 home alone.I found it a chance to cook.I put all the food I needed6 a pot.Then I had to wait7 it to boil.In order to kill the

56、waiting time,I went to watch TV.Only in a few minutes was I fascinated by a wonderful programme.It was about half an hour later that I remem-bered my food.I turned8 the cooker immediately but unfortunately the food ran over9 the pot.I was blamed and had to clean the kitchen. So we should pay attention10 everythin