高中英语重点难点知识点复习

1、高中英语重点难点知识点复习高中英语重点难点知识点复习清华大学清华大学英语系测试：为英语系测试：为中小学生英语中小学生英语量身定做量身定做. .官方网站：官方网站：http:/ 清华大学清华大学英语教授英语教授研究组提供研究组提供高中英语语法重点难点回顾1. 主谓一致常考难题：Five minutes is enough to do this exerciseEach boy and each girl wants to serve the people in futureMore than one student has seen the film. Many a ship has been

2、damaged in the storm.More members than one are against your plan.一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时, 谓语通常用复数形式：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors 等。但如果主语用 a kind of , a pair of , a series of 等加名词构成时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时, 谓语动词用单数形式,

3、 这时 and 后面的名词没有冠词。例如:Truth and honesty is the best policyThe girls teacher and friend is a young doctorTo love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.当主语后面跟有 as well as, as much as , no less than, along with, wi

4、th, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等引导的词组时, 其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定。例如:The teacher as well as the students was excitedThe room with its furniture was rentedA (great) number of 修饰可数复数名词, 谓语动词用复数; a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词

5、用单数。关系代词 who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时, 其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。例如:Those who want to go please sign your names hereSome of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科名称，球类、棋类名词名称前一般不加冠词。1/2 one(a) half 1/4 one(a) quarter2. 形容词的顺序：系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，loo

6、k，keep，smell，taste，sound，turn，remain 限定词+数量形容词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国藉+材料Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table某些以 a-开首的形容词例如：afraid，alike，alone，asleep，awake, alive 等只能作表语,不能作定语。某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词：friendly，lively， lovely，lonely，likely，deadly，silly，orderly, timely等。

7、1)close 接近地 closely 仔细地，密切地2)free 免费地 freely 自由地,无拘束地3)hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不4)late 晚，迟 lately 近来5)most 极,非常 mostly 主要地6)wide 广阔地，充分地 widely 广泛地7)high 高 highly 高度地，非常地8)deep 深，迟 deeply 抽象意义的“深”9)loud 大声地 loudly 大声地(含有喧闹的意思)10)near 邻近 nearly 几乎3. 比较级，最高级表示一方不及另一方时，用“less原级than”的结构表示：This room is less be

8、autiful than that one表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如：even，a lot，a bit，a little，still，much，far, yet, by far 等修饰：He works even harder than before注意:by far 通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面, 如放在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.某些以-or 结尾的形容词进行

9、比较时，用 to 代替than。superior，junior，senior 等。He is superior to Mr. Wang in mathematics在比较从句中为了避免重复通常用 that(those)，one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that 指物，one既可指人，也可指物。that 可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而 one 只能代替可数名词。例如：The book on the table is more interesting than that on the deskA box made of iron is stronger than one made of

10、wood表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型:A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, width, etc) of B.The new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。高三倍A is three (four, etc.) times as big (high, long, wide, etc.) as B.Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。A

11、is three (four, etc.) times bigger (higher, longer, wider) than B.例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。表示两倍可以用 twice 或 double。表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent，extreme，perfect 等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。4. so, such如果复数名词前有 many、few，不可数名词前有much、little 等表示量的形容词时，该用 so 而不用 such。如：Ive had so many fa

12、lls that Im black and blue all over.Mr. White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together.但 little 不表示数量而表示“小”的意思时,仍用such。如:They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves.5. almost 与 nearly在 very, pretty, not 后用 nearly, 不用 almost。例如：

13、Im not nearly ready.在 any, no, none, never 前用 almost, 不用 nearly。例如：I almost never see her.6. 情态动词need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用 must, have to, ought to 或 should 代替。例如：You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must.注意：neednt have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如：You nee

14、dnt have waited for me.“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。You should have started earlier.“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。You ought to have helped him (but you didnt)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如 have, be, hear, see, like 等词一般不用进行时。7. 主动结构表被动有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及

15、物动词 sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook 等。例如：The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。The new product sells well.这新产品很畅销。The pen writes well.这支笔很好写。8. 虚拟语气的结构“(should)动词原形在动词 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 等后面的宾语从句中用“(should) 动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如：We suggested that w

16、e (should) have a meeting.We insisted that they (should) go with us.The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.He demanded that we (should) start right away.作 advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)动词原形”。例如：We all a

17、greed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.9. +to在 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中,不定式不带 to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带 to。例如：I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.注意：不定式

18、动词在介词 but, except, besides 后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to.如：She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim?I have no choice but to go.10. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。例如：He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothing to worr

19、y about.Please give me a knife to cut with.There / It is no use/ good/ not any use/ good/ useless doing sth.10. 动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式:admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, imagine, include, keep, mention, mind, miss, practice, put off,

20、resist, risk, suggest, cant help, cant stand(无法忍受)等。I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里。) I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次。)mean to do 有意. mean doing 意味着.I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来。)Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)11. 动词 need, require, want 作“需要”解,其后跟动词作它

21、的宾语时,若表示的含义是被动的,必须用动名词,或不定式的被动式。例如：The window needs(requires, wants)cleaning(to be cleaned).在短语 devote to, look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, be used to, object to, thank you for, excuse me for 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式：I look forward to hearing from you soon.Badly polluted, the water cannot be drunk

22、. (原因)Being written in haste, the composition is full of mistakes.(原因,强调写的过程,故应用现在分词一般被动式)Having been deserted by his guide, he couldnt find his way through the jungle.(为了强调已完成的动作)Asked to stay, I couldnt very well refuse.这里 asked 可能意味着 having been asked, 也可能意味着 when/since I was asked, 但用了 having be

23、en asked 就不会有歧义。下面句中过去分词表示的时间与谓语动词所表示的时间相同，所以不能代之以强调先于谓语动词的现在分词完成被动式。例如：Covered with confusion, I left the room.我很窘地离开了房间。United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。He used to live in London, use(d)nt he /didnt he?There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)nt there /didnt there?Such thi

24、ngs ought not to be allowed, ought they?He ought to be punished, oughtnt he?但在正式文体中,用 ought we not 形式。例如:We ought to go, ought we not?或 We ought to go ,should we not?12. 含有情态动词 must 的句子表示推则,作“想必”解时,疑问部分不可用 mustnt。若前句强调对现在情况的推测,疑问部分用 arent(isnt)十主语,例如：You must be tired,arent you?若陈述部分的must 表示“有必要”时,附

25、加疑问句部分则用neednt。例如：You must go home right now, neednt you?当 mustnt 表示禁止时,附加疑问部分一般用must。如：You mustnt walk on grass, must you?前句谓语动词是 must have过去分词时,若前句强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用 didnt主语;若前句强调动作的完成,疑问部分的谓语动词用 havent(hasnt)主语, 例如：He must have met her yesterday, didnt he?You must have seen the film

26、, havent you?陈述句谓语部分出现否定词缀时(前缀或后缀),疑问部分仍用否定结构。例如:He is unfit for his office, isnt he?如果陈述部分包含有 no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nowhere, nothing 等否定或半否定词时,疑问部分用肯定形式。例如：He is hardly 14 years old, is he?如果陈述部分的主语为 everyone, someone, no one等不定代词,其疑问部分的主语可用 he,也可用they。Everyone knows his job, does

27、nt he? Everyone knows their job, dont they?No one was hurt, were they?Im late, arent I?One cant be too careful, can one(you)?Have a cup of tea, will you? Lets go there, shall we? Let us go there, will you?13. 同位语从句跟在名词后面,进一步说明该名词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth 等。连接词用 that (不用 whi

28、ch)及连接副词 how, when, where, why 等。例如：His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.She asked the reason why there was a delay.14. 关联词只能用 whether 不能用 if 表示“是否”的情况如下:A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如：The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The ne

29、ws whether our team has won the match is unknown. B)在主语从句中,只有用 it 作形式主语时,whether和 if 都能引导主语从句,否则,也只能用 whether。例如：Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.It hasnt been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.C)在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略)例如：It all depends (on) whether they will support

30、us. D)后面直接跟动词不定式时。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E)后面紧接 or not 时。We didnt know whether or not she was ready.F)引导让步状语从句,只能用 whether。Whether you like it or not, you must do it well.G)用 if 会引起歧义时。例如：Please let me know if you like it.该句有两个意思：“请告诉我你是否喜欢”。或“如果你喜欢,请告诉我。”用了 whether 就可以避免。15. 在下面几种情况下

31、必须用“that”引导定语从句：1)先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。All that we have to do is to practice every day.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.3)先行词被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, 等修饰。I have read all the book (that) you g

32、ave me.4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。He is the only person that I want to talk to.5)先行词既有人又有物时。They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.16. 先行词是表示地点时,要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which),否则用 where。This is the house where he lived last year.This is

33、the house that (which) he visited last year.用 no soonerthan 和 hardlywhen 引导的从句表示“刚就”。17. 倒装主句中的动词一般用过去完成时,从句用过去时;而且主句一般倒装,把助动词 had 提到前面。例如：Hardly had I entered the room when I heard a loud noise.代词作主语时,主谓语序不变。Here it is. Here he comes.当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时也常常引起全部倒装。South of the city lies a big steel fact

34、ory.From the valley came a frightening sound.表语置于句首时,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.He has b

35、een to Beijing. So have I.Li Wei cant answer the question. Neither can I.部分倒装用于省略 if 的虚拟条件状语从句。Had you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.用于“形容词(或名词、动词)+as(though)引导的让步状语从句中。例如：Pretty as she is ,she is not clever. Try as he would, he might fail again.如果从句的表语是名词,其名词前不加任何冠词。C

36、hild as he was, he had to make a living.用于 no soonerthan,hardlywhen 和 not until 的句型中。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once 等词开头的句子。Never shall I do this again.Little did he know who the woman wa

37、s.6.用于以 only 开头的句子(only 修饰副词,介词短语或状语从句时)。Only this afternoon did I finish the novel.Only in this way can you master English.Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.如果 only 后面的词组不是状语,则不用倒装。Only Wang Ling knows this.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed! 祝你成功! 18. 名词复数stomachstomachs，a Germant

38、hree Germans, an Americantwo Americans，man cook - men cooks; papers 报纸, 文件manners 礼貌drinks 饮料in a word 简言之in other words 换句话说have words with 与某人吵嘴 have a few words (a word) with sb.与某人说几句话The crowd were running for their lives某些集体名词, 如 people, police, cattle 等, 只当复数看待, 谓语动词必高一英语总复习（一）人教版【同步教育信息】一. 本

39、周教学内容：总复习（一）Grammar PartAgreement between Subject and Predication 1. According to the meaning of the subject.（1）Two singlar or more nouns joined by “and”. eg.The director and chief engineer is much respected here.Much mud and sand has been washed away in the flood.Trial and error is the source of kn

40、owledge.（2）Two or more singlar nouns joined by “and” but preceding by “every, each, no, many, a ” eg.Every boy and every girl has the right to education in China.No doctor and no nurse is allowed to receive red leffers from the patients.Many a teacher and many a student has heard of it.（3）Plural for

41、ms of（time, value, length, distance ）eg.Three years is not long.One thousand dollars is enough for us.Fifty meters has been checked.（4）Collective nouns eg.Her family is small.Her family are all music lovers.The audience is so large that the hall was filled to the fullest capacity.All available means

42、 have been adopted to bring through that patient.Every means has been tried to improve over work. 2. According to the structure of the sentence.Neither he nor I am capable of doing such work alone.Not only he but also I am.Either he or I am One or two boxes are needed to keep these books.More than o

43、ne box is needed to keep these books.More boxes than one are needed All but one are in that room.Nobody is going to take part in the party.An old man with a group of children left for New York.Five students including a girl praised at the meeting.China, as well as other Asian countries, rich natural

44、 escources .I will go there as well as he.I wont go there as well as he（will go there）.【模拟试题】一. 单项选择：1. shall I do with the money? A. WhyB. HowC. WhatD. When2. Mr. White forbade to the park. A. his daughter to goB. his wife should goC. him for goingD. they went3. To succeed in scientific research pr

45、oject . A. hard work is neededB. one needs to work hardC. one needs be a hard worker D. hard work is what one needs4. He cant remember . A. what is todays homeworkB. what todays homework isC. what are todays homeworkD. what todays homeworks are5. The house-keeper insisted that the debt before next S

46、unday. A. would payB. should payC. be paidD. would be paid6. The flowers were all that remained. A. two yellow littleB. little two yellowC. yellow two littleD. two little yellow7. The meeting-room in our school can over 150 people. A. seat inB. sit inC. seatD. sit8. They all went to bed the diligent

47、 boy. A. exceptB. except forC. butD. without9. Yantai is the east of Shandong Province and the south of Dalian City. A. in, toB. at, fromC. at, inD. to, at10. Were there a lot of deer when you were in the country? Yes, but hardly ever any. A. did we sawB. did we seeC. we did seeD. we saw11. The circ

48、le that has “R” inside is on the right. A. aB. anC. oneD. the12. in this way finish the work in time. A. Just, they canB. Just, can theyC. Only, they canD. Only, can they13. Why did you go there? they asked me to go. A. AsB. ForC. SinceD. Because14. I was so angry at all he was doing I walked out. A

49、. which, thatB. that, whichC. that, thatD. which, which15. The little girl who in bed to her mother that their old hen had two eggs that day. A. lied, lied, laidB. laid, lied, layC. lay, lied, lainD. lay, lied, laid16. There are so many in this school. A. womans teachersB. womens teachersC. woman te

50、achersD. women teachers17. Ill leave all I have to Mr Green, I believe is honest man. A. which, aB. whom, anC. who, anD. that, a18. Why is there traffic on the streets in February than in May? A. lessB. fewerC. fewD. little19. Hardly had I left home it began to rain. A. thanB. whereC. whatD. when20.

51、 I realy dont know she found her gold watch. A. where it was thatB. where was it thatC. it was where D. it was where that21. It is a good thing by others. A. to be well thought ofB. to think well ofC. to think of wellD. to be thought well22. How old is your brother?He is you are.A. the same old as B

52、. as same old asC. as same age asD. the same age as23. present at the meeting were against the plan. A. ThisB. ThatC. TheseD. Those24. I spend much time French. A. to learnB. for learningC. learningD. to learning25. I have never seen such a long queue before. By the time we reach the box office, all

53、 the tickets . A. will be sold outB. are to be sold outC. will have been sold outD. should have sold out26. The platform would have collapsed（倒塌） all of us on it. A. did, standB. would, standC. have, stoodD. had, stood27. It is high time we . A. leftB. leaveC. wouldleaveD. have left28. Teachers who

54、are usually compared gardeners should be respected by everyone. A. withB. toC. forD. on29. It is work of art that all of us want to have a look at it. A. a so unusualB. such an unusualC. so unusualD. such unusual30. Do you still remember to the Great Wall when you were only three years old? A. to be

55、 takenB. being takenC. to takeD. taking二. 完形填空：It was a cold winters afternoon. Robert stopped for a moment as he crossed the bridge and looked down at the river below. There were hardly any （1） on the river. （2） the bridge, however , almost directly below. （3） was a small canoe, with a boy in it. H

56、e was （4） wearing many clothes. Robert （5） . He shivered（打寒颤）and walked on. （6） he heard a cry. “Help!” “Help!” The cry （7） from the river. Robert looked down. The boy was （8） the water and his canoe was （9） away. “Help!” “Help!” he called again.Bobert was a good （10） Taking off his clothes, he （11）

57、 into the river. The （12） water made him tremble all over. （13） in a few seconds he reached the （14） . “Dont be afraid,” he said and started to swim towards the river bank. （15） the boy with him. But at that （16） he noticed a large motor boat under the bridge. “There were several people on the boat,

58、 all （17） in his direction. Robert （18） to swim towards the boat.”“Give me a hand,” he shouted （19） he got near the boat. He （20） up into a row of faces. “Its funny,” he thought. “They look so （21） .”Silently they helped the boy into the boat and （22） him in a blanket. But they did not move to （23）

59、Robert.“Arent you going to pull me （24） too?” Robert asked.“You?” said one of the men. Robert noticed that he was standing next to a large （25） .“You! Why? We were making a film and you spoiled（破坏）a whole afternoons work! You can stay in the water!” 1. A. fishB. boatsC. bridgesD. water 2. A. FromB.

60、TowardsC. NearD. Beyond 3. A. thereB. itC. whereD. that 4. A. thenB. alsoC. onlyD. not 5. A. noticedB. sawC. guessedD. said 6. A. Till thenB. Just thenC. Far awayD. From there 7. A. happened B. wentC. arrivedD. came 8. A. onB. withinC. inD. under 9. A. runningB. floating C. flowingD. pulling 10. A.