直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习69560

1、Unit1语法核心突破：直接引语变间接引语定义：我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但是直接引语放在引号内，不用连词联接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词与主句联接一、直接引语变间接引语时句式的变化1. |陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句例：Hesaid,“rmveryglad.”fHesaidhewasveryglad.2. 一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例：Hesaid,“Canyoucomethisafternoon,John”fHeaskedJohncouldcomethata

2、fternoon.3. 特殊疑问句变为由who,what,when,why,where等特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句例：Hesaid,“WhereisMr.Wang”fHeaskedwhereMr.Wangwas.Tomsaystome,whatfooddoyoulikebest.”fTomasksmefoodIlikebest4. 祈使句变间接引语时，要变成ask/tell/ordersb(not)todosth。Ourparentstoldus“LearnEnglisl我们的父母告诉我们：把英语学好啊！”OurparentstoldusEnglishwell.我们的父母告诉我吗要把英语学好。T

3、heteachersaidtome,“Don'treadthatnovel!”Theteacherasked/toldmethatnovel.Ourparentstoldus,“Neverdow父母告诉我们：不要做错事！”Ourparentstoldusnevertodowrong.我们的父母告诉我们不要做错事。人称的变化点拨】人称的变化一般遵循一同主，二随宾，三不变”这一原则例如：“wenttotheGreatWallyesterday,LiH”asaid.fLiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.“'cometohe

4、lpyouwheneveryouneedmyhelp”heinsweredher.fHeansweredherthathewouldcometohelpherwheneversheneededhishelp.Shesaidtome,Yourpronunciationisbetterthanhis.”fShetoldmethatmypronunciationwasbetterthanhis.三、时态变化主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，总的原则是向过去推一个时态时态的变化例句般现在时f一般过去时Shesaid,“1needacalculator.”fShesai

5、dthatsheneededacalculator.现在进行时f过去进行时Jimsaid,“1'mexpectingalongdistaneecall.fJimsaidthathewasexpectingalongdistaneecall.般将来时f过去将来时Nancysaid,“I'llcallagainlater.”fNancysaidthatshewouldcallagainlater.一般过去时f过去完成时Hesaid,“Itookithomewithme.”fHesaidthathehadtakenithomewithhim.现在完成时f过去完成时Paulsaid,“

6、Ourteamhaswonthematch.”fPaulsaidthattheirteamhadwonthematch.过去完成时f过去完成时Hesaid,“1hadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.fHesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.四、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化变化形式例句指示thisfthatShesaid,“Sheiscomingthisweek.”fShesaidthatshewascomingthatweek.代词thesefthoseHesaid,“Thesebooksaremi

7、ne.”fHesaidthosebookswerehis.nowfthenHesaid,“It'steno'clocknow.”fHesaidthatitwasteno'clockthen.时todayfthatdayHesaid,“1haven'tseenhertoday.”fHesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday间tonightfthatnightShesaid,“1'IIcomeagaintonight.”fShesaidthatshewouldgoagainthatnight.状yesterdayfthedayb

8、eforeHesaid,“Thishappenedyesterday.”fHesaidthatthishadhappenedthedaybefore.ThreedaysagofthreedaysbefoShesaid,“1arrivedtwodaysago.”refShesaidthatshehadarrivedtwodaysbefore.语tomorrowfthenextdaythefollowingdayShesaid,1”bebacktomorrow.”fShesaidthathewouldbebackthenextday.nextweekfthenextweekShesaid,“1&#

9、39;lldoitnextweek.”fShesaidthatshewoulddoitthenextweek.地占状语herefthereShesaid,IcameheretoseeTom.”fShesaidthathehadgonetheretoseeTom.动词come/bringfgo/takeHesaid,“1broughtithomewithme.”fHesaidhehadtakenithomeviihhim.【拓展延伸】直接引语变为间接引语时时态不作改变的情况 主句的谓语动词为现在或将来时态，从句的时态无需变化例如:Hesays,“I'mtired.”fHesaysthat

10、heistired.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”fHewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy. 当直接引语是客观真理时，不受时间的限制，因此不需要变化时态。Ourgeographyteachersaidtous,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”fOurgeographyteachertoldusthattheearthgoesroundthesun. 直接引语是一般过去时，并且和具体的过去时间连用，时态不作改变Shesaid,“Iwastno1995.”fShesaidthatshewasbornin1995.【典型例题】(1) C

11、anyoutellmeA.whatthematterisB.whatmatteritisC.what'sthematterD.thematteriswhat(2) Thephysicsteachersaidtheeartharoundthesun.A.ismovingB.movedC.hadmovedD.moves【语法专练】1. Motheraskedtheyoungestkidwithhiscar.A.whatthematterB.WhatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter2. Thetouristaskedtheguide

12、whathevisitthenextday.A.wasgoingtoB.willC.isgoinginD.isto3. Theteachertoldusthatlight_fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.istraveling4. Tomhankstoldhisteacherthathebornin1968.A.wasB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen5. LindaaskedAmy_shecouldtellherthegeneralideasofthepoem.A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.how6. Mybroth

13、ersaidtome,“I'mgoingtohaveaholidaynextweek.”Mybrothergoingtohaveaholidaythenextweek.7. Mothersaidtome,“Whatareyoudoingintheroom”Motheraskedmeintheroom.asked,“CanIborrowyourbike”Heaskedborrowmybikesaidtome,“Doyoulikefootball”Tomaskedmefootballsaidtome,“Iwentovermylessonslastnight.”Shetoldmeoverhe

14、rlessonsthenightbefore.附：UnitI短语归纳1. 做个好朋友tobeagoodfriend2. 做下列调查makethefollowingsurvey3. 合计总分addupthescore4. 得分getpoints5. 心烦意乱地来到学校cometoschoolupset6. 不理睬铃声ignorethebell7. 使你那个德国朋友平静下来calmdownyourGermanfriend8. 关心你朋友beconcernedaboutyourfriend(s)9. 松开了getloose10. 不得不去户外遛狗havegottowalkthedogoutdoors

15、11. 帮他期末考试作弊helphimcheatintheend-of-termexam12. 歹U出理由makealistofreasons/listthereasons13. 记下一连串的请求setdownaseriesofrequests14. 根据问卷调查accordingtothequestionnaire15. 根据编辑的忠告accordingtotheeditor'sadvice16. 为了分担你的困难inordertoshareyourdifficulties/troubles17. 与老板相爱fallinlovewiththeboss18. 与我的同桌相处融洽geta

16、long/onwellwithmydeskmate19. 关心青少年beconcernedaboutteenagers20. 为了和老板面对面地交流inordertocommunicatewiththebossfacetoface21. 信任政府trust/believeinthegovernment22. 经历了太多的战争gothroughtoomanywars23. 相邻的城镇neighboringtowns24. 相邻的国家neighboringcountries直接引语变间接引语练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesa

17、idthatnevermeat.2. “I'vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.Hemethathewallet.3. “Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthatithomewithher.4. Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.Theteachersaidthatthesunintheeastanddowninthewest.5. “Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.Hemethathemettheday.6. “Youmus

18、tcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatItogobeforefive.7. “Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthatheboughtthehouse10years.8. “Didyouseeherlastweek”hesaid.HeIhadseenhertheweek.9. Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”HeJimthathesitthere.10. Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother”Heaskedhermotherfoundit.11. “Whereh

19、aveyoubeenthesedays”heasked.Heaskedmebeendays.12. “Doyouknowwhereshelives”heasked.Heaskedknewwhereshe.13. “Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenmakingsomuchnoise.shesaid.14. “Don'ttellhimthenews.Shetoldmehimthenews.15. “Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthathavingsupper.16. “I'ves

20、eenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Ginamethatshethefilm.17. “Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthathomewithhersister.18. “Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.Hethechildrenquiet.20.“Don'tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.Shetoldmeoutofthewindow.家庭作业1. “Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthathavingsupper.2. “I'veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Ginamethatshethefilm.3. “Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthathomewithhersister.4. Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesunb