B8整理】雅思大作文写作方法+常用表达

1、【Abby阿布整理】雅思大作文写作方法+常用表达 Abby阿布留留学雅思大作文写作方法+常用表达【Abby阿布整理】 2008.056 大作文task26.1雅思大作文评分标准细则BandTask responseCoherence & cohesionLexical resourceGrammer range and accuracy9 fully addresses all parts of the task presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant, fully exte

2、nded and well supported ideas uses cohesion in such a way that it attracts no attentionskilfully manages paragraphinguses a wide range of vocabulary with very natural and sophisticated control of lexical features; rare minor errors occur only as slipsuses a wide range of structures with full flexibi

3、lity and accuracy; rare minor errors occur only as slips8 sufficiently addresses all parts of the task presents a well-developed response to the question with relevant, extended and supported ideassequences information and ideas logicallymanages all aspects of cohesion well uses paragraphing suffici

4、ently and appropriatelyuses a wide range of vocabulary fluently and flexibly to convey precise meaningsskilfully uses uncommon lexical items but there may be occasional inaccuracies in word choice and collocationproduces rare errors in spelling and/or word formationuses a wide range of structures th

5、e majority of sentences are error-free makes only very occasional errors or inappropriacies7 addresses all parts of the taskpresents a clear position throughout the responsepresents, extends and supports main ideas, but there may be a tendency to over-generalise and/or supporting ideas may lack focu

6、s logically organises information and ideas; there is clear progression throughoutuses a range of cohesive devices appropriately although there may be some under-/over-use presents a clear central topic within each paragraph uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precisi

7、on uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formationuses a variety of complex structures produces frequent error-free sentences has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors

8、6 addresses all parts of the task although some parts may be more fully covered than others presents a relevant position although the conclusions may become unclear or repetitive presents relevant main ideas but some may be inadequately developed/uncleararranges information and ideas coherently and

9、there is a clear overall progressionuses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanicalmay not always use referencing clearly or appropriately uses paragraphing, but not always logicallyuses an adequate range of vocabulary for the taskattempts

10、to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracymakes some errors in spelling and/or word formation, but they do not impede communicationuses a mix of simple and complex sentence formsmakes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication5addresses the task only part

11、ially; the format may be inappropriate in placesexpresses a position but the development is not always clear and there may be no conclusions drawnpresents some main ideas but these are limited and not sufficiently developed; there may be irrelevant detailpresents information with some organisation b

12、ut there may be a lack of overall progressionmakes inadequate, inaccurate or over-use of cohesive devicesmay be repetitive because of lack of referencing and substitutionmay not write in paragraphs, or paragraphing may be inadequateuses a limited range of vocabulary, but this is minimally adequate f

13、or the taskmay make noticeable errors in spelling and/or word formation that may cause some difficulty for the readeruses only a limited range of structuresattempts complex sentences but these tend to be less accurate than simple sentencesmay make frequent grammatical errors and punctuation may be f

14、aulty; errors can cause some difficulty for the reader4 responds to the task only in a minimal way or the answer is tangential; the format may be inappropriate presents a position but this is unclear presents some main ideas but these are difficult to identify and may be repetitive, irrelevant or no

15、t well supported presents information and ideas but these are not arranged coherently and there is no clear progression in the response uses some basic cohesive devices but these may be inaccurate or repetitive may not write in paragraphs or their use may be confusing uses only basic vocabulary whic

16、h may be used repetitively or which may be inappropriate for the task has limited control of word formation and/or spelling; errors may cause strain for the reader uses only a very limited range of structures with only rare use of subordinate clauses some structures are accurate but errors predomina

17、te, and punctuation is often faulty3 does not adequately address any part of the task does not express a clear position presents few ideas, which are largely undeveloped or irrelevant does not organise ideas logically may use a very limited range of cohesive devices, and those used may not indicate

18、a logical relationship between ideas uses only a very limited range of words and expressions with very limited control of word formation and/or spelling errors may severely distort the message attempts sentence forms but errors in grammar and punctuation predominate and distort the meaning 雅思大作文评分标准

19、细则成绩任务回应连贯与衔接词汇资源语法结构的范围和准确性9§ 完全回应题目所有要求§ 立场表达清晰，论证完全；§ 观点相关性好，扩展充分，论据充足；§ 不留痕迹地衔接；§ 分段得体；§ 词汇使用广泛、自然而老到；极少出现小错误如“笔误”；§ 语法结构的使用广泛、准确而灵活；极少出现小错误如“笔误”；8§ 充分回应题目所有要求；§ 观点相关，有扩展，有论据；§ 信息和观点的安排有逻辑性；§ 衔接良好；§ 分段恰当；§ 能流畅、灵活地使用多样词汇来准确表达思想；

20、7; 能巧妙使用较不常见单词和习语，尽管偶尔有词汇选择和搭配上的不准确；§ 拼写和构词法错误极少；§ 灵活使用多种结构；§ 大部分语句无误；§ 极偶尔情况下出现错误或不准确；7§ 回应题目所有要求；§ 自始至终立场清晰；§ 表达了主要观点，提供了论据并进行了扩展，但有可能太宽泛或对观点的支持太分散；§ 信息和观点组织有逻辑性；文章从头至尾有延续性；§ 衔接手段使用合理，虽然可能有一些使用过少或过多；§ 每段都有清晰的中心论点；§ 词汇使用丰富、有一定的准确性和灵活性；§ 能使

21、用较不常见词汇，对语体和搭配有所了解；§ 在词汇的选择、拼写和构词法上偶尔有错误；§ 使用多种复杂结构；§ 多数语句无误；§ 语法和标点掌握较好，但可能会犯一些错误；6§ 回应题目所有要求，然而有些论证多一些，有些论证少一些；§ 立场切题，尽管结论不清晰或重复；§ 主要观点有相关性，然而一些可能没有充分论证，或不清晰；§ 信息和观点组织连贯；文章有延续性；§ 衔接手段使用有效，但是句子内部和句子之间的衔接可能有误或过于机械；§ 有分段，但可能有时缺乏逻辑性§ 使用适当范围的词汇；

22、67; 试图使用较不常见词汇，但有一些不准确；§ 在拼写和构词法上有错误，但这些错误不至于影响交际；§ 能使用简单和复杂句子结构；§ 语法和标点出现一些错误，尽管这些错误很少导致交流障碍；5§ 部分回应题目要求，一些地方格式不正确；§ 表达了立场，但论证不是一直清晰，也可能没有结论 ；§ 给出了一些主要观点，但没有充分扩展，可能出现无关细节； § 对信息进行了一定组织，但整体缺乏延续性；§ 过渡手段不够、不准确或过多；§ 过渡手段重复；§ 没有分段，或分段不足；§ 使用有限词汇量，但只

23、是在最低层面上满足题目；§ 拼写和构词法上可能出现明显错误，造成读者的某些阅读困难；§ 只能使用基本句子结构；§ 试图使用复杂句，但复杂句的使用准确性不如简单句；§ 语法错误较多，标点有误用；错误造成读者的某些阅读困难；4§ 任务回应极少，不切题，或格式不恰当；§ 表达了观点，但观点不清晰；§ 提出了一些主要观点，但很难区分，且观点重复、不相关或没有论据支持；§ 提供信息和观点，但安排不连贯，也没有清晰的连续性；§ 使用一些基本的衔接手段，但可能不准确或重复§ 只使用基本词汇，可能重复，可能使用

24、不得体；§ 构词法和拼写掌握有限；§ 错误导致读者理解困难；§ 只使用有限的句子结构，从句很少见；§ 有的结构准确但错误较多，标点经常错误；3§ 对任务任一部分都没有足够的回应；§ 没有表达清晰立场§ 提出了极少观点，且基本没有扩展或不相关；§ 没有逻辑性地组织观点；§ 衔接手段的使用非常有限，不能表明观点之间的逻辑关系；§ 只使用非常有限的单词和表达，对于构词法和拼写的掌握很有限；§ 错误严重干扰信息的传递；§ 试图写出句子但语法和标点错误非常多，扭曲了意思2§

25、几乎没有回应任务；§ 没有表达立场；§ 可能试图提出一两个观点，但没有扩展；§ 对组织结构的掌握极少§ 词汇使用极其有限；基本没有掌握构词法和拼写§ 除了背诵的短语以外无法使用句子1§ 回答与任务完全无关；§ 无法交流任何信息§ 只能使用一些零散单词§ 完全无法使用句子0缺席考试；交白卷；完全抄袭背诵好的范文l 6分：文章切题，语句通顺，没有明显错误（小错在6个以内），有一些比较不错的语句（复杂句、排比、倒装、从句等等）就是6分的标准了。l 7分：文笔流畅，错误极少，有个别闪光点就是7分。l 8分：论点新

26、颖、别具一格，就是8分。或者论点一般，但十分切题，语言很漂亮，令人印象深刻。也是8分（不过一般这样也可以给7分）。6.2 59分范文范例6-1The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease violent crimes in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?It has been suggested that the government should take action

27、on the violent films and televisions which posed the violent crimes in society .The implication and veracity of this idea seem reasonable but in fact require closer examination. First of all, the course of the increasing of the crux of the violent crimes is not the violent films and televisions

28、. The major reason is that the big gap between the poor and the rich and with peoples moral character as well. As I see it, the governments are obligated to develop the economy and the consciousness. In addition, if forbid the violence in films and on televisions, we will lose some excellent fi

29、lms, because to some action films, the quintessential part is violence and therefore, it is no benefit for neither film extent or culture. Whats more, violent films and televisions are good negative examples, for it gives people fears who commit violent crimes .A boy in my class, who has a fier

30、y temper, often fights with others, Once he saw a violent film of a crippled actor because of the violence, he was worried and had a lesson on it which effects him a lot, finally he became a disciplined boy. For these reasons I feel strongly that the film of violence should not be controlled an

31、d that we should objectively evaluate and criticize the issue , because we need different films and televisions, so we can learn something from them. (245words)得分：分文章结构清晰，是一篇段式的作文，但是在第段中，作者其实是论述了与前两段不同的观点，但用的连接词却是whats more使得这段的真正意图没有体现出来。从语言方面来说，似乎文章用了一些好词，如implication and veracity, crux, be obliga

32、ted to等等，但是仍然有些低级的语法错误，如if forbid the violence in films and on televisions这个句子是没有主语的句子，是非常严重的错误，给考官的印象非常的不好。其次，很明显，文章单词等级的跳跃性很大，第一段用的词都不较高级别，而第段的词句很简单而且有严重的错误。此外，由于文章的词数也没有达到最低要求，导致失分。范例6-2Some people think the function of university education is to prepare students for their future employment. Howe

33、ver, others believe that it must have other important functions. Discuss and indicate what other functions the university education can provide.Some hold that the function of university or college education is to help students to get ready for their future paying-job. While others consider that the

34、use of university or college education is more than the mere function. As far as I am concerned, university must have other important functions in many aspects.There is no doubt that we go to university to improve our skills and ability on coping with the things that would happen in our future job.

35、But on campus it is not the only function. Because university is not only the place only to study in but is a part of society where we could learn how to communicate with each other and develop ourselves personality. Whichever universities or colleges are in the world are composed with people and bu

36、ildings. They are just like a small society and we can take advantage of them to make friends with all kinds and backgrounds. How we could keep the friendship is one of function we should learn in the university before we go to the true society to hunt our career. Therefore, one of the functions of

37、university education is that we could enlarge our relationship in the university.Honest is also another function that we could learn in the university or college. Before we take the exam, we have to promise that we will not cheating during detest and when someone is caught for cheating, he (or she)

38、will be punished strictly. Honest is one of the basic principles for each person.University or college is not just a place for students only to prepare their future employment but a place that students could learn how to make friends and be hoesty.（285words）得分：分文章结构很清晰，段是作文，首段和尾段分别是总起和总结；文章句与句间的衔接处理

39、地很一般，没有什么连接词来表达上下句的关系；从语言方面来说，文章总体的语言水平尚可，句子很容易理解，但是也有很多语法错误，如Whichever universities or colleges are in the world are composed with people and buildings就写得很莫名。此外，文章的措辞很有限，没有什么同义词或词组的变换，句型也一般，没有太精彩的好句。范例6-3Food can be produced much more cheaply today because of improved facilities and better machiner

40、y. However, some of the methods may be dangerous to human health, and may have negative effects on local community. To what extent do you agree or disagree?As science in life prosper, a majority of good produced by high technology has been brought to the spotlight. Some people, therefore, reckon tha

41、t several sorts of method through which food are produced have negative effects on peoples health as well as local community. As far as I am concerned, this argument is quiet true.The main reason usually given in favor of high technology using on food bringing negative effects is that the fertilizer

42、. Farmers all anticipate their crops can grow well. However, flood or heavy rain may stop crops from growing up which lessen the profits and fertilizer which consists of special elements except normal ones can help crops grow well but these sorts of elements always do harm to our humans health if we

43、 absorb them.A second argument by advocates of this phenomenon is that it can bring a negative impression of the society. Government has the right to impede food from being produced by improved facilities and better machinery so as to protect citizens health. In contrast, if government connives this

44、 phenomenon, citizens will not trust their government and government will lose peoples trustworthiness.Nonetheless, it is pointed out by opponents of food being produced by high technology is a good method say that it can increase quantities and qualities of goods so as to decrease the high price of

45、 good, and helps retailers to make more profits and less prime cost. Whats more, much more people can taste more sorts of food with a low price.To reiterate, though food produced by high technology has some advantages, I feel this method to cultivate food has more major demerits and why I prefer to

46、impede this comportment. (282 words)得分：分这篇文章虽然得了分，但却是具有分的潜质的文章。乍一看，文章的词汇和句型都有一定的功底，第一印象感觉是分档次，但是仔细分析发现在语法上有严重欠缺，如The main reason usually given in favor of high technology using on food bringing negative effects is that the fertilizer。这个句子前半句中using应该改成used，这是非位语动词使用错误，后半句中that引导的应该是个从句，而文章却只写了the fer

47、tilizer，属于句子不完整，是严重错误。按理来说，文章整体的词汇和句型不错，若犯了一些小毛小病，则仍然属于分的档次，但是这篇文章中由于细小错误和少量严重错误并存，所以降到了分这个档次。范例6-4More and more people using mobile phone and computer instead of letters. Will letter disappear completely? Agree or disagree? How important is letter writing?It is demonstrated by a recent survey that

48、the use of mobile phone and computer are dramatically increased. In contrast, the use of written letter is sharply decreased. Some people deem that if the situation deteriorates, letter writing will completely disappear. From my point of view, I partly agree with this argument.One major reason for t

49、his phenomenon is that as the advanced technology develops rapidly, mobile phone and computer play an important part of our daily life. We can make phone calls to our friends (at) any time. In addition, mobile phone is a good method of helping ourselves if we are in emergency. What more, computer ha

50、s widespread repercussion for the whole society. It can do a plenty of things just like storing the majority of information, calculating a complex math problem, and bringing entertainment to our lives. The most important function of the computer is to help people chat more conveniently through the i

51、nternet.Another reason used to justify the importance of mobile phone and computer is that they are the witnesses of the development of science and society. As we all know, the faster mobile phone and computer develop the wider human beings make step to improve the society.It is undoubtedly that the

52、 written letter has great repercussion for the whole society. It is a necessary method to continue our history. Calligraphy, one sort of handwriting, is well known for its long-standing history and people all over the world prefer to learn it. Whats more, old people who occupy a large proportion of

53、the world population are unfamiliar with high technology, which make written letter more important for them to communicate with others.Weighing up the reasons presented above, I reach the conclusion that the use of written letter will gradually decreased but it will not disappear completely one day.

54、 (304 words)得分：分文章结构很清晰，段式的作文，首段和尾段分别是总起和总结，当中段为主体段。文章用了适当的连接词，如whats more, in addition等，使得句与句之间更有连贯性。从语言方面来讲，词汇比较突出一点，有一些亮点词汇，如have great repercussion for, deteriorate等，总体感觉词汇有一定的宽度。句型方面尚可，有一定变化，但不多。仍然有一些语法错误，如As we all know, the faster mobile phone and computer develop the wider human beings make

55、step to improve the society以及The most important function of the computer is to help people chat more convenient through the internet. 等，这些错误都很明显，但不影响理解。范例6-5Some teachers say students should be organised into group study. Others argue that students should be made to study alone. Discuss the benefits

56、 of both and state the more effective method in your opinion.The debate over whether studying in group is superior to studying alone has long been under question and educational experts are deeply divided over this issue. From an objective perspective, Im strongly convinced that both methods have th

57、eir own superiorities. (40 words) (此段第一句对原题的改写并引题，最后一句表达中立的观点。2句话40词，在实际考试中是最适用且能拿考分的第一段写法)One of the major superiorities of group study is that it provides an environment in which students can exchange ideas with each other. It is well known that knowledge knows no bounds, so it is almost impossibl

58、e for even an eminent professor at university to have a good command of everything, let alone an ordinary student. In consequence, students should be divided into different groups or classes so that they can communicate with, learn from and help each other. (78words)(此段是分析studying in group的第一个优点，第一句是主题句，直接表明观点，随后的都是支持句，进一步分析为什么学生要在一起学习互相交流想法)Another obvious advantage of studying in group is that students have the opportunity to learn to socialize with others. Many sociologists point out that people in modern society are more isolated than those in ancient times mainly beca